Abstract: A method of forming a micro-pattern including forming a mold layer and a supporting material layer on a substrate, patterning the mold layer and the supporting material layer to form recess patterns, forming conductor patterns in the recess patterns, removing a portion of an upper portion of the supporting material layer for causing upper portions of the conductor patterns to protrude, forming a block copolymer layer on the supporting material layer, processing the block copolymer layer to phase-separate the block copolymer layer into a plurality of block parts, selectively removing some of the phase-separated plurality of block parts, and removing the supporting material layer to expose the mold layer at a position corresponding to each of the removed block parts may be provided.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a phase shift mask includes preparing a transmissive substrate on which a first mask region and a second mask region surrounding the first mask region are defined. In the first mask region, main patterns are formed having a first pitch in a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Each of the main patterns has a first area. In at least one row, assist patterns are formed at the first pitch to surround the main patterns. Each of the assist patterns has a second area less than the first area. In the second mask region, dummy patterns are formed in a plurality of rows. The dummy patterns surround the assist patterns at the first pitch. Each of the dummy patterns has a third area greater than the first area.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for protecting a communication device of a railroad car is provided. The apparatus includes an antenna portion configured to include main antennas and an auxiliary antenna, a main receiver configured to check a magnitude of a received signal transferred through the main antennas of the antenna portion, an auxiliary receiver configured to check a magnitude of a received signal transferred through the auxiliary antenna of the antenna portion, and a controller configured to compare the magnitude of the signal received by the main receiver and the magnitude of the signal received by the auxiliary receiver, determine whether there is a jamming signal according to a comparison result, and take a preset countermeasure when it is determined that there is a jamming signal.

Abstract: A method of forming a micro-pattern including forming a mold layer and a supporting material layer on a substrate, patterning the mold layer and the supporting material layer to form recess patterns, forming conductor patterns in the recess patterns, removing a portion of an upper portion of the supporting material layer for causing upper portions of the conductor patterns to protrude, forming a block copolymer layer on the supporting material layer, processing the block copolymer layer to phase-separate the block copolymer layer into a plurality of block parts, selectively removing some of the phase-separated plurality of block parts, and removing the supporting material layer to expose the mold layer at a position corresponding to each of the removed block parts may be provided.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for a portable terminal having a main board is provided. The antenna apparatus includes a main antenna that electrically connects to a feed line of the main board. A metal frame is constructed as part of a case frame forming an exterior of the portable terminal. The metal frame is divided into first and second parts that are separated. The first part electrically connects to the main antenna or to the main board feed line, and is designed to radiate. The second part electrically connects to a ground surface of the main board. The metal frame enhances overall antenna performance rather than causing degradation through interference.

Abstract: A method and an electronic device are provided in association with iris recognition. The electronic device includes a camera module that obtains a Near-Infrared Ray (NIR) image, and a controller that converts the NIR image into an integral image, detects at least one candidate eye region from the integral image using at least one mask, detects a pupil region and an eyebrow region from the at least one candidate eye region, and to detect an eye region based on the pupil region.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes: preparing a wafer in which a first cell area and a second cell area are defined; forming a bottom electrode structure in the first cell area and a dummy structure located in the second cell area; and sequentially forming a dielectric layer and a top electrode on the bottom electrode structure and the dummy structure, wherein the bottom electrode structure includes a plurality of bottom electrodes extending in a first direction in the first cell area and first and second supporters to support the plurality of bottom electrodes, wherein the dummy structure includes a first mold film, a first supporter film, a second mold film, and a second supporter film that are sequentially formed to cover the second cell area, and the second supporter and the second supporter film are at a same level relative to the wafer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes: preparing a wafer in which a first cell area and a second cell area are defined; forming a bottom electrode structure in the first cell area and a dummy structure located in the second cell area; and sequentially forming a dielectric layer and a top electrode on the bottom electrode structure and the dummy structure, wherein the bottom electrode structure includes a plurality of bottom electrodes extending in a first direction in the first cell area and first and second supporters to support the plurality of bottom electrodes, wherein the dummy structure includes a first mold film, a first supporter film, a second mold film, and a second supporter film that are sequentially formed to cover the second cell area, and the second supporter and the second supporter film are at a same level relative to the wafer.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for a portable terminal having a main board is provided. The antenna apparatus includes a main antenna that electrically connects to a feed line of the main board. A metal frame is constructed as part of a case frame forming an exterior of the portable terminal. The metal frame is divided into first and second parts that are separated. The first part electrically connects to the main antenna or to the main board feed line, and is designed to radiate. The second part electrically connects to a ground surface of the main board. The metal frame enhances overall antenna performance rather than causing degradation through interference.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for a portable terminal having a main board is provided. The antenna apparatus includes a main antenna that electrically connects to a feed line of the main board. A metal frame is constructed as part of a case frame forming an exterior of the portable terminal. The metal frame is divided into first and second parts that are separated. The first part electrically connects to the main antenna or to the main board feed line, and is designed to radiate. The second part electrically connects to a ground surface of the main board. The metal frame enhances overall antenna performance rather than causing degradation through interference.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for a portable terminal is provided. The portable terminal includes a printed circuit board (PCB) having a ground surface and RF components to process a wireless signal received through at least one antenna element. A housing forms an external appearance of the portable terminal, and has a non-conductive member with a plurality of metal fragments attached thereto. At least one of the metal fragments is electrically connected to the ground surface. The metal fragments may enhance the texture and durability of the housing. Preferably, the shapes, sizes and distances separating the metal fragments are designed to minimally impact, or improve, the antenna performance provided by the at least one antenna element.

Abstract: An interface connector includes a connection terminal unit configured to be connected with an external connector, and a metallic shell configured to enclose the connection terminal unit. The metallic shell includes a first shell unit, in which the connection terminal unit is mounted, and which is grounded with a printed circuit board, and a second shell unit mounted to be separated and spaced from the first shell unit. An electronic device comprises a connection terminal unit configured to be connected with an external connector and a metallic shell configured to enclose the connection terminal unit, wherein the metallic shell comprises a first shell unit in which the connection terminal unit is mounted, and a second shell unit mounted to be separated and spaced from the first shell unit.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for a portable terminal having a main board is provided. The antenna apparatus includes a main antenna that electrically connects to a feed line of the main board. A metal frame is constructed as part of a case frame forming an exterior of the portable terminal. The metal frame is divided into first and second parts that are separated. The first part electrically connects to the main antenna or to the main board feed line, and is designed to radiate. The second part electrically connects to a ground surface of the main board. The metal frame enhances overall antenna performance rather than causing degradation through interference.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a two-phase, two-column linear pulse motor propulsion system, and more particularly to a two-phase, two-column linear pulse motor propulsion system which can implement high-speed driving, stopping, and switching directions forward/backward through non-adhesive driving characteristics by improving accelerating performance and torque performance. The two-phase, two-column linear pulse motor propulsion system comprises a field unit 121, 122 prepared in two columns in the longitudinal direction under a moving body 110 so as to generate a magnetic field; an armature unit 131, 132 which is prepared on a travelling track, generates a shifting field by the power supplied from a power conversion device, is prepared in two columns so as to correspond to the two-column field unit 121, 122 and generates the propulsion force of the moving body 110 through interaction due to a two-phase synchronous signal.

Abstract: A method and system for determining driving concentration which is capable of analyzing a driver's driving concentration on the basis of variation of a steering angle and driving status information of a vehicle acquired from a front camera sensor. The method includes storing output data of a steering angle sensor and a front camera sensor mounted in a vehicle at a predetermined time interval, calculating a quantitative index include a value for recognizing a vehicle status based on information stored in a storage unit, statistically processing the calculated value to output status information which is an index for determining driving concentration, and comparing the information calculated in the statistically processing to the predetermined reference data and determining the driving concentration according to the comparison result.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for a portable terminal having a main board is provided. The antenna apparatus includes a main antenna that electrically connects to a feed line of the main board. A metal frame is constructed as part of a case frame forming an exterior of the portable terminal. The metal frame is divided into first and second parts that are separated. The first part electrically connects to the main antenna or to the main board feed line, and is designed to radiate. The second part electrically connects to a ground surface of the main board. The metal frame enhances overall antenna performance rather than causing degradation through interference.

Abstract: A method and an electronic device are provided in association with iris recognition. The electronic device includes a camera module that obtains a Near-Infrared Ray (NIR) image, and a controller that converts the NIR image into an integral image, detects at least one candidate eye region from the integral image using at least one mask, detects a pupil region and an eyebrow region from the at least one candidate eye region, and to detect an eye region based on the pupil region.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for a portable terminal having a main board is provided. The antenna apparatus includes a main antenna that electrically connects to a feed line of the main board. A metal frame is constructed as part of a case frame forming an exterior of the portable terminal. The metal frame is divided into first and second parts that are separated. The first part electrically connects to the main antenna or to the main board feed line, and is designed to radiate. The second part electrically connects to a ground surface of the main board. The metal frame enhances overall antenna performance rather than causing degradation through interference.

Abstract: An antenna device for improving antenna performance of a portable terminal having a metal edge installed on a case frame is disclosed. The antenna device includes a main board equipped with a power supply end for supplying power and a ground surface for grounding the main board, a loop radiator connected with the power supply end of the main board at first end and connected with the ground surface of the main board at a second end, and a metal body disposed along an edge of the portable terminal and electrically connected with the ground surface of the main board.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for a portable terminal having a main board is provided. The antenna apparatus includes a main antenna that electrically connects to a feed line of the main board. A metal frame is constructed as part of a case frame forming an exterior of the portable terminal. The metal frame is divided into first and second parts that are separated. The first part electrically connects to the main antenna or to the main board feed line, and is designed to radiate. The second part electrically connects to a ground surface of the main board. The metal frame enhances overall antenna performance rather than causing degradation through interference.