Abstract: The invention includes benzisoxazole piperazine compositions and methods of using them for modulating sleep.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel antihistamines and methods of modulating sleep by administering a doxepin analog or a pharmaceutically effective salt thereof.

Abstract: A reduction catalyst having a first metal component comprising one of Co, Os, Fe, Re, Rh and Ru. The first metal component is present in the catalyst at from 0.5 percent to 20 percent, by weight. A second metal component differing from the first metal component present in the catalyst with the second metal component being selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Zn, Co, Re, Cu, Pb, Cr, W, Mo, Sn, Nb, Cd, Te, V, Bi, Ga and Na. A hydrogenation catalyst comprising one or both of Ni and Co and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Ag, Au, Mo and Rh.

Abstract: Chemical production processes are provided than can include exposing a reactant composition to a catalyst composition to form a product composition, with the reactant composition including a multihydric alcohol compound and product composition including a carbonyl compound. The catalyst composition can include one or more elements of groups 5 and 6 of the periodic table of elements. Catalyst compositions are provided that can include one or more of niobia, hydrated niobia, tungstic acid, phosphotungstic acid, and phosphomolybdic acid.

Abstract: Chemical production processes are provided that can include exposing a reactant composition to a catalyst composition to form a product composition.

Abstract: Chemical production processes are provided that can include exposing a reactant composition to a catalyst composition to form a product composition. The reactant composition can include a multihydric alcohol compound and the product composition can include a carbonyl compound. The catalyst composition can include a metal effective to facilitate catalyst activation. Processes disclosed also include supplementing a dehydration catalyst with a promoter, and activating the supplemented catalyst in the presence of oxygen. Processes also include providing a supplemented dehydration catalyst to within a reactor, and exposing a multihydric alcohol compound to the dehydration catalyst, with the exposing forming coke within the reactor. Oxygen can be provided to the reactor to remove at least a portion of the coke.

Abstract: Chemical production processes are provided that include exposing a reactant composition to a catalyst composition to form a product composition, with the reactant composition including a multihydric alcohol compound and the catalyst composition being effective to dehydrate at least a portion of the multihydric alcohol compound. Embodiments of the process provide that the reactant composition is exposed to the catalyst composition for less than about 0.25 seconds and/or that the catalyst is maintained at a temperature of from about 280° C. to about 320° C. Processes utilizing a reactant composition including a multihydric alcohol compound and an inert compound are also provided.

Abstract: The invention includes benzisoxazole piperazine compositions and methods of using them for modulating sleep.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of promoting wakefulness in an individual by administering a carbamoyl ester or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel doxepin analog compounds and methods of modulating sleep by administering such compounds, or a pharmaceutically effective salt thereof.

Abstract: Compounds that inhibit cholinesterase activity and, upon hydrolysis release a pharmacologically active agent. The compounds of the invention are employed in methods to treat an individual. The pharmacologically active agent obtained by hydrolysis of the compound can treat, for example, a nervous system condition, a cholinergic deficiency and conditions or diseases associated with a deficiency in a pharmacologically active agent, such as acetylcholine.

Abstract: The invention includes benzisoxazole piperidine compositions and methods of using them for modulating sleep.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel antihistamines and methods of modulating sleep by administering a doxepin analog or a pharmaceutically effective salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems for alkylating a paraffinic feed stream in a microchannel utilizing the staged addition of olefin.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions and methods useful for treating Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders. Furthermore, the invention provides compositions and methods of treating sleep disorders. More specifically, the invention is directed to the compositions and use of derivatized, histamine antagonists for the treatment of sleep disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel doxepin analog compounds and methods of modulating sleep by administering such compounds, or a pharmaceutically effective salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to hierarchical inorganic materials and a method for making and using same. The materials of the invention have a controlled hardness, porosity, and surface area ideally suited for use as, e.g., durable catalyst supports for reactions conducted in severe and/or hydrothermal environments. The materials of the invention are prepared by infusing hierarchical templates of suitably shaped sized cellulosic or lignocellulosic particles (e.g., from wood, bamboo, and the like) with soluble transition-metal and/or ceramic precursors. Infused templates are heated in a gaseous atmosphere until volatile chemical components are removed. After drying, the infused templates are heated under flowing argon, helium, or air atmosphere for several hours to remove volatiles and convert all or part of the transition-metal and/or ceramic precursors to respective carbide, oxycarbide, or other chemical forms.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems for alkylating a paraffinic feed stream in a microchannel utilizing the staged addition of olefin.

Abstract: The invention includes methods of processing an initial di-carbonyl compound by conversion to a cyclic compound. The cyclic compound is reacted with an alkylating agent to form a derivative having an alkylated ring nitrogen. The invention encompasses a method of producing an N-alkyl product. Ammonia content of a solution is adjusted to produce a ratio of ammonia to di-carboxylate compound of from about 1:1 to about 1.5:1. An alkylating agent is added and the initial compound is alkylated and cyclized. The invention includes methods of making N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP). Aqueous ammonia and succinate is introduced into a vessel and ammonia is adjusted to provide a ratio of ammonia to succinate of less than 2:1. A methylating agent is reacted with succinate at a temperature of from greater than 100° C. to about 400° C. to produce N-methyl succinimide which is purified and hydrogenated to form NMP.

Abstract: The invention includes methods of processing an initial di-carbonyl compound by conversion to a cyclic compound. The cyclic compound is reacted with an alkylating agent to form a derivative having an alkylated ring nitrogen. The invention encompasses a method of producing an N-alkyl product. Ammonia content of a solution is adjusted to produce a ratio of ammonia to di-carboxylate compound of from about 1:1 to about 1.5:1. An alkylating agent is added and the initial compound is alkylated and cyclized. The invention includes methods of making N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP). Aqueous ammonia and succinate is introduced into a vessel and ammonia is adjusted to provide a ratio of ammonia to succinate of less than 2:1. A methylating agent is reacted with succinate at a temperature of from greater than 100° C. to about 400° C. to produce N-methyl succinimide which is purified and hydrogenated to form NMP.