Abstract: A method is disclosed that includes maintaining a database comprising identifying information indicative of one or more radio nodes and/or of one or more areas within which the one or more radio nodes are located. Each respective radio node of the one or more radio nodes is configured to enable positioning based on radio signals sent by the respective radio node. The positioning enabled by the respective radio node is considered to be at least partially unexpected. A corresponding apparatus, computer-readable storage medium and system are also provided.

Abstract: A method is disclosed that includes obtaining one or more pieces of radio measurements; determining one or more radio nodes that enable one or more mobile devices a respective positioning; and maintaining a database comprising information identifying the determined one or more radio nodes. A corresponding apparatus, computer-readable storage medium and system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed that includes obtaining one or more pieces of threat information indicative of a data set enabling positioning based on radio signals sent by a respective radio node. The data set is further indicative of one or more parameters based on which said positioning is performed and/or controlled and which is considered to be at least partially unexpected. The method also includes utilizing the one or more pieces of threat information in a positioning. In order to obtain the one or more pieces of threat information, the method includes at least one of: obtaining the one or more pieces of threat information by using an application programming interface; or obtaining the one or more pieces of spoofing information by using a push method. A corresponding apparatus, computer-readable storage medium and system are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus assembles positioning assistance data using a predetermined version of a set of values of parameters. The positioning assistance data relates to radio signals of a particular positioning support device. The apparatus encrypts the positioning assistance data using an encryption key that is associated with this version and causes the particular positioning support device to transmit the assembled and encrypted data. The positioning support device transmits the data. An apparatus obtains the data, received by a mobile device, and attempts to decrypt the data using at least one encryption key. If the decryption is successful with a particular encryption key, a version of a set of values of parameters may be selected that is associated with the encryption key.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that determines, based on a geometrical criterion and at least one map object of plurality of map objects, whether a map element of a first map element type or a second map element type shall be created; wherein elements of the first map element type are intended to be usable for applying a constraint to a user position and wherein elements of the second map element type are intended to be less usable for applying a constraint to a user position compared to the elements of the first map element type; and creates a map element according to the determined map element type, the created map element being associated with the at least one map object.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment, an apparatus comprises at least one receiver configured to receive a grid corresponding to an area, at least one processor configured to assign at least one access point in the area to at least one node in the grid, and the at least one processor configured to select a predetermined number of access points assigned to the at least one node for inclusion in a partial radio map.

Abstract: The invention relates to determination of a location of a device of a user. In a methods, information of signal strength of one or more wireless signals and information of signal strength distribution of wireless signals is obtained by a device. The information of signal strength and the information of signal strength distribution are used to determine at least one likelihood whether the device is inside an area. In the method radio maps representing signal strength distribution in the building may be used.

Abstract: An apparatus obtains a set of radio data comprising signal strength related values for radio signals transmitted by a transmitter with an association of each signal strength related value with a representation of a geographical location. The apparatus applies a frequency transform to the obtained set of radio data to obtain transform coefficients, each transform coefficient comprising a transform index and an associated transform value. The apparatus selects a subset of transform indices having more significant transform values than the remaining transform indices and compresses the transform indices by encoding each transform index exploiting a probability of occurrence of an index value of a respective transform index. The same or another apparatus decodes the compressed transform indices again for use in position operations.

Abstract: Results of measurements by a mobile device on radio signals transmitted by at least one transmitter are obtained. The results of measurements comprise characteristics of the radio signals at each of a plurality of locations of measurements at a particular site, and indications of the locations of measurement. The results of measurement and the indications of the locations are provided and used as a basis for a generation of a radio map for use in supporting a positioning of mobile devices at the site. In addition, a user input to the mobile device is detected, the user input defining a localization area at the site that is to be covered by the radio map. A representation of the defined localization area is provided in addition for use in connection with the radio map.

Abstract: An apparatus determines, based on a geometrical criterion and at least one map object of plurality of map objects, whether a map element of a first map element type or a second map element type shall be created. Elements of the first map element type are intended to be usable for applying a constraint to a user position and elements of the second map element type are intended to be less usable for applying a constraint to a user position compared to the elements of the first map element type. The apparatus also creates a map element according to the determined map element type. The created map element is associated with the at least one map object.

Abstract: An apparatus estimates successive headings of a mobile device based on respective results of measurements by the mobile device on radio signal transmitted by a plurality of transmitters to obtain estimated headings (201). It computes a mean heading based on a predetermined number of the estimated headings and computing a standard deviation of the predetermined number of estimated headings (202). It determines whether the mean heading is to be considered valid based on the computed standard deviation of the estimated headings (203). Finally, it provides an indication of the mean heading as an indication of a current heading of the mobile device for use by a specific application only if the mean heading is determined to be considered valid (204).

Abstract: An apparatus assembles positioning assistance data using a predetermined version of a set of values of parameters. The positioning assistance data relates to radio signals of a particular positioning support device. The apparatus encrypts the positioning assistance data using an encryption key that is associated with this version and causes the particular positioning support device to transmit the assembled and encrypted data. The positioning support device transmits the data. An apparatus obtains the data, received by a mobile device, and attempts to decrypt the data using at least one encryption key. If the decryption is successful with a particular encryption key, a version of a set of values of parameters may be selected that is associated with the encryption key.

Abstract: It is disclosed to obtain physical layout data of a radiomap based on a plurality of location information representatives, each of the location information representatives being associated with a radiomeasurement.

Abstract: It is disclosed to obtain a frequency transformed radiomap data set by applying a discrete frequency transform to an original radiomap data set. It is also disclosed to obtain a reconstructed radiomap data set by applying an inverse discrete frequency transform to a frequency transformed radiomap data set.

Abstract: It is disclosed to obtain an observation data set comprising respective identification information of one or more observed radio nodes of an environment and respective radio measurements values determined with respect to the one or more observed radio nodes; to determine respective association measures for the observation data set with respect to respective radiomap data sets of two or more levels of the environment, wherein the radiomap data sets respectively comprise respective identification information of one or more radio nodes of the environment observable at the level of the respective radiomap data set and respective radio measurement value information for these one or more observable radio nodes; and to determine an estimate of a level associated with the observation data set based at least on the association measures.

Abstract: An apparatus obtains a set of radio data comprising signal strength related values for radio signals transmitted by a transmitter with an association of each signal strength related value with a representation of a geographical location (201). The apparatus applies a frequency transform to the obtained set of radio data to obtain transform coefficients, each transform coefficient comprising a transform index and an associated transform value (202). The apparatus selects a subset of transform indices having more significant transform values than the remaining transform indices (203) and compresses the transform indices by encoding each transform index exploiting a probability of occurrence of an index value of a respective transform index (204). The same or another apparatus decodes the compressed transform indices again for use in position operations.

Abstract: An apparatus obtains at least one fingerprint sample for at least one communication node, wherein each fingerprint sample of the at least one fingerprint sample comprises results of a measurement performed by a mobile device at a particular position on a signal of a communication node of the at least one communication node including at least a signal strength related value (201); and determines, for at least one fingerprint sample of the at least one fingerprint sample, whether the respective fingerprint sample fulfills an inconsistency criterion, wherein the inconsistency criterion is based on the signal strength related value of the respective fingerprint sample and a distance value indicative of an estimated distance between the mobile device and the communication node associated with the fingerprint sample (202).

Abstract: Results of measurements by a mobile device on radio signals transmitted by at least one transmitter are obtained. The results of measurements comprise characteristics of the radio signals at each of a plurality of locations of measurements at a particular site, and indications of the locations of measurement. The results of measurement and the indications of the locations are provided and used as a basis for a generation of a radio map for use in supporting a positioning of mobile devices at the site. In addition, a user input to the mobile device is detected, the user input defining a localization area at the site that is to be covered by the radio map. A representation of the defined localization area is provided in addition for use in connection with the radio map.

Abstract: The invention relates to determination of a location of a device of a user. In a methods, information of signal strength of one or more wireless signals and information of signal strength distribution of wireless signals is obtained by a device. The information of signal strength and the information of signal strength distribution are used to determine at least one likelihood whether the device is inside an area. In the method radio maps representing signal strength distribution in the building may be used.

Abstract: The invention relates to determination of a location of a device of a user. In a methods, information of signal strength of one or more wireless signals and information of signal strength distribution of wireless signals is obtained by a device. The information of signal strength and the information of signal strength distribution are used to determine at least one likelihood whether the device is inside an area. In the method radio maps representing signal strength distribution in the building may be used.