Abstract: An LCD is manufactured to provide a wide viewing angle device and may reduce manufacturing costs according to an embodiment. The LCD includes a substrate, a gate line disposed on the substrate, a gate insulating layer disposed on the gate line, a semiconductor layer disposed on the gate insulating layer, a data line contacting the semiconductor layer, a drain electrode contacting the semiconductor layer and separated from the data line, a pixel electrode contacting the drain electrode, a passivation layer disposed on the pixel electrode, and a common electrode disposed on the passivation layer and including a branch electrode overlapping the pixel electrode. In one embodiment, the pixel electrode contacts an end portion of a thin film transistor. The LCD manufacturing process may be shortened and may save manufacturing costs because the LCD process need not make contact holes to connect the pixel electrode and the TFT.

Abstract: An LCD is manufactured to provide a wide viewing angle device and may reduce manufacturing costs according to an embodiment. The LCD includes a substrate, a gate line disposed on the substrate, a gate insulating layer disposed on the gate line, a semiconductor layer disposed on the gate insulating layer, a data line contacting the semiconductor layer, a drain electrode contacting the semiconductor layer and separated from the data line, a pixel electrode contacting the drain electrode, a passivation layer disposed on the pixel electrode, and a common electrode disposed on the passivation layer and including a branch electrode overlapping the pixel electrode. In one embodiment, the pixel electrode contacts an end portion of a thin film transistor. The LCD manufacturing process may be shortened and may save manufacturing costs because the LCD process need not make contact holes to connect the pixel electrode and the TFT.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (“LCD”) capable of improving display quality includes a first insulating substrate, gate wiring lines formed on the first insulating substrate and extending in a first direction, pixel electrodes, each of which includes first and second sub-pixel electrodes that are, respectively, applied with different data voltages from first and second wiring lines insulated from and crossing the gate wiring lines, extending in a second direction and an insulting layer interposed between the first data wiring line and the second data wiring line overlapped by the first data wiring line. Therefore, an aperture ratio of the LCD increase because the first data wiring line overlapped the second data wiring line have less area between pixel electrodes. A display quality of the LCD improves.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a pixel, an organic layer and a shorting pad structure. The pixel electrode is arranged at a display area of a base substrate, and the pixel electrode is electrically connected to a transistor connected to a gate line and data line. The organic layer is arranged at the base substrate, and the organic layer is arranged between the transistor and the pixel electrode. The shorting pad structure is disposed at a peripheral area of the display area, and the shorting pad structure includes a first pad electrode at a lower height, a second pad electrode at a higher height, and a first height compensation pattern interposed between the first and second pad electrodes. A contact hole is defined through the organic layer so that second pad electrode can be electrically connected there through to the first pad electrode.

Abstract: A method and system for encrypting data in a wireless communication system are provided. The system includes a first node for generating a first encryption key using a plurality of encryption key parameters when performing authentication with a second node, for changing a second parameter among the plurality of encryption key parameters to generate a second encryption key being identical to the first encryption key, if a first parameter among the plurality of encryption key parameters is changed during re-authentication between the first node and the second node, for generating the second encryption key using the changed first parameter and the changed second parameter, and for encrypting data to be transmitted to the second node using the second encryption key.

Abstract: An LCD is manufactured to provide a wide viewing angle device and may reduce manufacturing costs according to an embodiment. The LCD includes a substrate, a gate line disposed on the substrate, a gate insulating layer disposed on the gate line, a semiconductor layer disposed on the gate insulating layer, a data line contacting the semiconductor layer, a drain electrode contacting the semiconductor layer and separated from the data line, a pixel electrode contacting the drain electrode, a passivation layer disposed on the pixel electrode, and a common electrode disposed on the passivation layer and including a branch electrode overlapping the pixel electrode. In one embodiment, the pixel electrode contacts an end portion of a thin film transistor. The LCD manufacturing process may be shortened and may save manufacturing costs because the LCD process need not make contact holes to connect the pixel electrode and the TFT.

Abstract: A complex terminal includes an apparatus for controlling a Universal IC Card (UICC). The apparatus is configured to obtain a control information through a UICC initialization and provide a corresponding communication modem with the control information. A communication modem can request a communication authority based on the control information and obtain the communication authority from a controller. A selector can connect the corresponding communication modem to the UICC while the controller provides the corresponding communication modem with the communication authority.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (“LCD”) capable of improving display quality includes a first insulating substrate, gate wiring lines formed on the first insulating substrate and extending in a first direction, pixel electrodes, each of which includes first and second sub-pixel electrodes that are, respectively, applied with different data voltages from first and second wiring lines insulated from and crossing the gate wiring lines, extending in a second direction and an insulting layer interposed between the first data wiring line and the second data wiring line overlapped by the first data wiring line. Therefore, an aperture ratio of the LCD increase because the first data wiring line overlapped the second data wiring line have less area between pixel electrodes. A display quality of the LCD improves.

Abstract: In a display panel including a plurality of pixels, each pixel includes a first thin film transistor, first and second liquid crystal capacitors, a coupling capacitor, and a discharge circuit. The first liquid crystal capacitor is connected to a data line through the first thin film transistor. The second liquid crystal capacitor is connected in parallel to the first liquid crystal capacitor through the coupling capacitor. The discharge circuit is connected between the coupling capacitor and the second liquid crystal capacitor, and it discharges charges stored in the second liquid crystal capacitor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel protein inhibiting ? amyloid aggregation and a strain producing the protein, more precisely, to a novel protein inhibiting ? amyloid aggregation, a gene coding the protein, a Streptomyces sp. strain producing the protein and a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders containing the protein as an effective ingredient. The therapeutic agent of the present invention containing the protein inhibiting ? amyloid aggregation as an effective ingredient can be effectively used for the prevention and the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Disclosed is a communication system for a software upgrade, including a user terminal (UT) for transmitting an IP address assignment request message containing software information of the UT an upgrade-providing server including upgrade data regarding every software of the UT; and a server for determining whether or not software upgrade of the UT is necessary with reference to the software information when the request message is received, and transmitting an address and upgrade information of the upgrade-providing server to the UT when the software upgrade is necessary.