Abstract: Provided is a data meta-scaling method. The data meta-scaling method optimizes an abbreviation criterion for abbreviating data through continuous knowledge augmentation in various dimensions which enable expression of data in a process of performing machine learning.

Abstract: Provided are a self-learning system and method for automatically performing machine learning (ML). The self-learning system includes a memory configured to store an ML knowledge database (DB) in which ML knowledge is stored and a program for automatically performing ML based on request information of a user, and a processor configured to execute the program stored in the memory. Here, when executing the program, the processor creates or recommends at least one workflow corresponding to the request information of the user based on the ML knowledge stored in the ML knowledge DB and generates an execution code for performing the created or recommended workflow.

Abstract: Provided are a data processing apparatus and method for merging and processing deterministic knowledge and non-deterministic knowledge. The data processing apparatus and method may efficiently process various real-time and large-scale data to convert the data into knowledge by merging and processing non-deterministic knowledge and also deterministic knowledge perceived by an expert. Thus, it is possible to adaptively operate in accordance with a dynamically changing application service environment by converting a conversion rule for converting collected data generated from an application service system into semantic data, a context awareness rule for perceiving context information from given information, and a user query for searching for knowledge information into knowledge and gradually augmenting the knowledge information in accordance with an application service environment.

Abstract: A cup-shaped container capable of being converted into a Dutch coffee machine includes a main body of cup-shape, a drainer protrusion protruding outward from the bottom surface of the main body, and a drain hole to connect to an inside of the drainer protrusion and an inside of the main body. The cup-shaped container can be used as a cup in normal times and can be converted into a Dutch coffee machine by simple operation when necessary.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a tag transmission apparatus and a signal transmitting method thereof. The tag transmission apparatus converts a plurality of data bits into a symbol, which is one of a plurality of symbols, and multiplies the converted symbol by a square-wave having a predetermined frequency to thereby generate a subcarrier signal. Here, in the case in which the plurality of data bits are n (n is a natural number larger than 2) bits, the number of the plurality of symbols is 2n.

Abstract: A tag of an apparatus for simultaneously identifying massive tags according to the present invention may include an analog circuit unit to communicate with a reader through an analog signal and to receive energy via magnetic coupling with the reader. Further, the tag may include a digital circuit unit to be supplied with power from the analog circuit unit. The digital circuit unit may support a sleep mode for the tag to stand by in a low power state after transmitting an identifier (ID) to the reader and a wait mode for controlling random access to the reader.

Abstract: A reader antenna includes dipole antennas, the dipole antennas including: a horizontal dipole antenna having the characteristic of horizontal polarization; and a dipole antenna perpendicular to the horizontal dipole antenna and including a vertical dipole antenna having the characteristic of vertical polarization, wherein the horizontal dipole antenna and the vertical dipole antenna may both have the characteristic of circular polarization. The reader antenna can be easily stored in an electronic shelf because it is realized in an ultrathin structure using a single-layered dielectric substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a tag transmission apparatus and a signal transmitting method thereof. The tag transmission apparatus converts a plurality of data bits into a symbol, which is one of a plurality of symbols, and multiplies the converted symbol by a square-wave having a predetermined frequency to thereby generate a subcarrier signal. Here, in the case in which the plurality of data bits are n (n is a natural number larger than 2) bits, the number of the plurality of symbols is 2n.

Abstract: A tag transmitting apparatus of a passive RFID (radio frequency identification) system generates a pilot tone, a preamble, and an SFD (start frame delimiter) and transmits the pilot, the preamble, and the SFD, using one of a plurality of square waves.

Abstract: An RFID system using an M pulse amplitude modulation (M-PAM) or M quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) scheme using a plurality of load-modulators, a plurality of antennas, and a communication method thereof are provided. The RFID system includes: an RFID tag; and a reader device communicating with the RFID device, wherein the RFID tag includes: N load-modulators an N antennas communicating with the reader device in any one scheme of M-pulse amplitude modulation (M-PAM) and M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) in which modulation of an M level is performed and operated corresponding to the M level.

Abstract: A tag apparatus communicating with a reader acquires a command from a signal that is received from the reader, converts data corresponding to the acquired command to a plurality of multi-level parallel data, and generates a plurality of tag load impedances based on bias voltages that are mapped to correspond to each level of the plurality of parallel data. Therefore, a signal having electrical energy corresponding to the plurality of tag load impedances is transmitted to the reader.

Abstract: Provided is a symbol synchronization apparatus and method of a passive RFID reader. The symbol synchronization apparatus includes: an edge clock detector generating edge clocks by detecting phase inversion positions of a received signal; a preamble detector detecting a preamble section by analyzing the generation times of the edge clocks; a symbol decision time extractor extracting a symbol decision time by averaging distances between the edge clocks consecutively generated in the preamble section, when the preamble section is detected; and a symbol decider deciding a symbol by analyzing the magnitude of the received signal, when the time reaches the symbol decision time.

Abstract: Disclosed are a passive RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system and method capable of recognizing a great deal of tags at a high speed. A reader of a passive RFID system, including: a processor dividing slots and subchannels to configure a round, recognizing subchannels that are not involved in a collision and interference by the slots, and changing the subchannels that are not involved in a collision and interference, into a sleep state; a transmission unit encoding a command generated through the processor, performing an amplitude jitter modulation on the encoded command, and transmitting the modulated command; and a reception unit acquiring and demodulating tag signals received through a plurality of subchannels by the slots, and providing the demodulated tag signals to the processor.

Abstract: A tag of an apparatus for simultaneously identifying massive tags according to the present invention may include an analog circuit unit to communicate with a reader through an analog signal and to receive energy via magnetic coupling with the reader. Further, the tag may include a digital circuit unit to be supplied with power from the analog circuit unit. The digital circuit unit may support a sleep mode for the tag to stand by in a low power state after transmitting an identifier (ID) to the reader and a wait mode for controlling random access to the reader.

Abstract: Bioresorbable scaffolds for bone engineering, such as repair of bone defects, particularly long bone defects, or augmentation of bone length are described. Scaffolds are porous and comprise multiple side channels. In one embodiment, scaffolds are made from layers of micro-filament meshes comprising polycaprolactone (PCL) or a PCL-composite sequentially laid in incremental 60 degrees of rotation to produce a 0/60/120 degree layering pattern, providing for the formation of interconnected pores. The scaffold can comprise a central channel filled, packed or infused with suitable agents such as bioactive agents. Furthermore, the scaffolds are stiff but yet fracture resistant and with sufficient bending, compressive and torsional strength suitable for bone engineering. The slow degradation of the scaffold is sufficient for the 3D matrix to maintain structure integrity and mechanical properties during the remodelling process.

Abstract: A loop antenna includes first and second loops that are formed with respective conductive wires. In this case, the second loop is formed with a double loop having current paths of opposite directions.

Abstract: Provided are an RFID reader and a method for suppressing transmission leakage signals thereof. The RFID reader includes a first loop, a second loop, and a digital signal processor. The first loop suppresses a first transmission leakage signal of an RX signal in response to a first leakage control signal. The second loop suppresses a second transmission leakage signal of the RX signal, received through the first loop, in response to a second leakage control signal. The digital signal processor generates the first leakage control signal and the second leakage control signal. The digital signal processor generates the first leakage control signal until the level of the first transmission leakage signal becomes equal to or lower than the level of a first reference transmission leakage signal.

Abstract: Provided is a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader that can minimize collision among RFID readers in an environment where there are a plurality of RFID readers within a limited operating environment by making each RFID reader select a channel at different delay time based on a random value, and a method for controlling operation of the RFID reader. The RFID reader includes a random value generating unit; a reader control unit for adaptively deciding a counter value for generating the random value; an anti-collision unit for preventing collision among a plurality of tags; a reader transmitting unit for generating a reader command message determined by the anti-collision unit, encoding the reader command message, and modulating the reader command message; a reader receiving unit for demodulating and decoding a tag signal; and a channel operation control unit for selecting a channel to be used for the communication with the tag.

Abstract: A tag transmitting apparatus of a passive RFID system generates a plurality of orthogonal square waves, converts tag data to a plurality of parallel data, and transmits the plurality of parallel data to a reader using a plurality of square waves as a subcarrier.

Abstract: An RFID system using an M pulse amplitude modulation (M-PAM) or M quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) scheme using a plurality of load-modulators, a plurality of antennas, and a communication method thereof are provided. The RFID system includes: an RFID tag; and a reader device communicating with the RFID device, wherein the RFID tag includes: N load-modulators an N antennas communicating with the reader device in any one scheme of M-pulse amplitude modulation (M-PAM) and M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) in which modulation of an M level is performed and operated corresponding to the M level.