Abstract: A copolymer as dispersant in a binder composition comprising an alkaline activating agent, wherein the activating agent is especially suitable for activation of a latently hydraulic and/or pozzolanic binder, wherein the copolymer has a polymer backbone and side chains bonded thereto and comprises at least one ionizable monomer unit M1 and at least one side chain-bearing monomer unit M2, and wherein the copolymer has a gradient structure in at least one section A in a direction along the polymer backbone with regard to the ionizable monomer unit M1 and/or with regard to the side chain-bearing monomer unit M2.

Abstract: Examples of systems for forming cavity and a liquid liner are described. The system comprises a vessel and a rotating member positioned within the vessel and rotatable about an axis of rotation. The rotating member has an inner surface 5 curved with respect to the axis of rotation, an outer and plurality of fluid passages that each has an inboard opening at the inner surface and an outboard opening at the outer surface. The rotating member is filled with a liquid medium and a rotational driver rotates the rotating member such that when rotating the liquid medium at least partially fills the fluid passages forming liquid liner, defining the 10 cavity. The cavity formation system is used in a liquid liner implosion system with an implosion driver that causes the liquid liner to implode inwardly collapsing the cavity. The imploding liquid liner system can be used in plasma compression systems.

Abstract: Examples of systems for imploding liquid liner are described. The imploding system comprises a vessel and a rotating member positioned within the vessel. The rotating member has a plurality of shaped blades that form a plurality of curved passages that have an inboard opening at an inner surface and an outboard end at an outer surface. The rotating member is at least partially filled with liquid medium. A driver is used to rotate the rotating member such that when the rotating member rotates the liquid medium is forced into the passages forming a liquid liner with an interface curved with respect to an axis of rotation and defining a cavity. The system further comprises an implosion driver that changes the rotational speed of the rotating member such that the liquid liner is imploded inwardly collapsing the cavity. The imploding liquid liner can be used in plasma compression systems.

Abstract: A block copolymer, in particular for use as a dispersant for mineral binder compositions, including at least one first block A and at least one second block B, wherein the first block A has a monomer unit M1 and the second block B has a monomer unit M2. To this end a proportion of monomer units M2 which is in any case present in the first block A is less than 25 mol %, in particular less than or equal to 10 mol %, based on all the monomer units M1 in the first block A and a proportion of monomer units M1 which is in any case present in the second block B is less than 25 mol %, in particular less than or equal to 10 mol %, based on all the monomer units M2 in the second block B.

Abstract: A copolymer, in particular a dispersant for hydraulically setting binder compositions, including a specific dicarboxylic acid based subunit and a specific polyalkylene glycol based subunit wherein the molar ratio of the dicarboxylic acid based subunit to the polyalkylene glycol based subunit is from 1.5-4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to admixtures, especially a dispersant for solid particles, in particular a dispersant for mineral binder compositions, comprising: a) a superplasticizer and b) a copolymer having a polymer backbone and side chains bonded thereto, comprising at least one ionizable monomer unit M1 and at least one side chain-bearing monomer unit M2, wherein the copolymer has a nonrandom distribution of the monomer units M1 and/or the monomer units M2 in a direction along the polymer backbone, and wherein the superplasticizer and the copolymer differ from a chemical and/or structural point of view.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copolymer, especially for use as a dispersant for solid particles, in particular for use as dispersant for mineral binder compositions, having a polymer backbone and side chains bonded thereto, comprising at least one ionizable monomer unit M1 and at least one side chain-bearing monomer unit M2, wherein the copolymer has a gradient structure in at least one section A in a direction along the polymer backbone with regard to the ionizable monomer unit M1 and/or with regard to the side chain-bearing monomer unit M2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for preparing a copolymer, especially a dispersant for solid particles, in particular a dispersant for mineral binder compositions, wherein ionizable monomers m1 and side chain-bearing monomers m2 are polymerized by nitroxide-mediated solution polymerization to give a copolymer, wherein the polymerization is conducted in the presence of an agent comprising a carboxyl group-bearing and phosphated alkoxy amine.

Abstract: An illumination optical unit for EUV projection lithography serves for obliquely illuminating an illumination field, in which an object field of a downstream imaging catoptric optical unit and a reflective object to be imaged can be arranged. A pupil generating device of the illumination optical unit is embodied so that an illumination pupil results, which brings about a dependency of an imaging telecentricity against a structure variable of the object to be imaged. This dependency is such that a dependency of the imaging telecentricity against the structure variable of the object to be imaged on account of interaction of the oblique illumination with structures of the object to be imaged is at least partly compensated for. An optical system for EUV projection lithography also has an imaging catoptric optical unit alongside an illumination optical unit and can additionally have a wavefront manipulation device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copolymer, especially for use as a dispersant for solid particles, in particular for use as dispersant for mineral binder compositions, having a polymer backbone and side chains bonded thereto, comprising at least one ionizable monomer unit M1 and at least one side chain-bearing monomer unit M2, wherein the copolymer has a gradient structure in at least one section A in a direction along the polymer backbone with regard to the ionizable monomer unit M1 and/or with regard to the side chain-bearing monomer unit M2.

Abstract: A comb polymer is used for increasing the flow rate and/or reducing the viscosity of a mineral binder composition, where the comb polymer has a main chain including acid groups and there are pendent chains linked to the main chain, and where the average number-average molar mass of all of the pendent chains is from 120 to 1000 g/mol and the molar ratio of the acid groups to the side chains is in the range from 0.5 to 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a copolymer as a dispersant for binder compositions based on calcium sulfate, the copolymer having a polymer backbone and sidechains bound thereto, and at least one ionizable monomeric unit M1 and at least one sidechain-carrying monomeric unit M2, characterized in that the copolymer has, in a direction along the polymer backbone, a non-random distribution of the monomeric units M1 and/or of the monomeric units M2.

Abstract: In a method for predicting at least one illumination parameter for evaluating an illumination setting for illuminating an object field of a projection exposure apparatus, illumination parameters are measured at a number of calibration settings, correction terms for prediction values of the illumination parameters are determined from the measured values, and then at least one illumination parameter of at least one illumination setting, which is not contained in the set of n calibration settings, is predicted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to admixtures, especially a dispersant for solid particles, in particular a dispersant for mineral binder compositions, comprising: a) a superplasticizer and b) a copolymer having a polymer backbone and side chains bonded thereto, comprising at least one ionizable monomer unit M1 and at least one side chain-bearing monomer unit M2, wherein the copolymer has a nonrandom distribution of the monomer units M1 and/or the monomer units M2 in a direction along the polymer backbone, and wherein the superplasticizer and the copolymer differ from a chemical and/or structural point of view.

Abstract: A complete fuel cell system (10) is disclosed. The fuel cell system (10) comprises at least two fuel precursors (16, 18) that react to create hydrogen. A solid fuel precursor (18) can be carried in disposable fuel cartridges (100). A passive pressure control system including a dose pump (22) and a pressure equalization system (24, 300, 504) is provided to dose a liquid fuel precursor (16) to the solid fuel precursor (18) in the fuel cartridge (100). The solid fuel precursor (18) may include larger metallic particles coated by another fine metallic particles such that multiple micro galvanic cells are formed on the surface of the larger metallic particles. The fuel cell system (10) may also include a gas buffer (40) that stores produced hydrogen that is unneeded by the fuel cell, a water trapping mechanism (604) and an electronic vent (46) that consumes unneeded hydrogen.

Abstract: In a method for predicting at least one illumination parameter for evaluating an illumination setting for illuminating an object field of a projection exposure apparatus, illumination parameters are measured at a number of calibration settings, correction terms for prediction values of the illumination parameters are determined from the measured values, and then at least one illumination parameter of at least one illumination setting, which is not contained in the set of n calibration settings, is predicted.

Abstract: A comb polymer is used for increasing the flow rate and/or reducing the viscosity of a mineral binder composition, where the comb polymer has a main chain including acid groups and there are pendent chains linked to the main chain, and where the average number-average molar mass of all of the pendent chains is from 120 to 1000 g/mol and the molar ratio of the acid groups to the side chains is in the range from 0.5 to 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a block copolymer for use as a dispersant for mineral binder compositions, containing an alkali activating agent. Said block copolymer comprises at least one first block A and at least one second block B, the first block A containing a monomeric unit M1 and the second block B containing a monomeric unit M2. A proportion of monomeric units M2, if any, in the first block A is less than 25 mol %, in particular less than or equal to 10 mol %, relative to all the monomeric units M1 in the first block A, and a proportion of monomeric units M1, if any, in the second block B is less than 25 mol %, in particular less than or equal to 10 mol %, relative to all the monomeric units M2 in the second block B.

Abstract: A method for producing a dispersant for solid particles, in particular a dispersant for mineral binder compositions. Ionizable monomers m1 and sidechain-carrying monomers m2 are polymerized to a copolymer, polymerization taking place as a living free radical polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copolymer, especially for use as a dispersant for solid particles, in particular for use as dispersant for mineral binder compositions, having a polymer backbone and side chains bonded thereto, comprising at least one ionizable monomer unit M1 and at least one side chain-bearing monomer unit M2, wherein the copolymer has a gradient structure in at least one section A in a direction along the polymer backbone with regard to the ionizable monomer unit M1 and/or with regard to the side chain-bearing monomer unit M2.