Abstract: A memory system includes: a memory device; a first queue suitable for queuing commands received from a host; a second queue suitable for enqueuing the commands from the first queue and dequeuing the commands to the memory device according to the FIFO scheme; and a processor suitable for: delaying enqueuing a read command into the second queue until the program operation is successfully performed when a logical address of a write command, in response to which a program operation is being performed, is the same as a logical address corresponding to the read command enqueued in the first queue; and determining whether or not to enqueue a subsequent read command, which is enqueued in the first queue after the read command, into the second queue.

Abstract: A memory system includes: a memory device; a command queue queuing a program descriptor and a first read descriptor, and sequentially outputting the descriptors; a program manager performing an error handling operation in response to the program descriptor, the error handling operation including performing a program operation on a second physical address when a program operation performed on a first physical address fails; a fail managing buffer storing the first physical address for the failed program operation; a queue manager deleting the first read descriptor from the command queue and outputting an exception signal, when a physical address of the first read descriptor is the same as the first physical address; and a descriptor generator generating a second read descriptor including the second physical address in response to the exception signal and enqueuing the second read descriptor in the command queue, when the error handling operation passed.

Abstract: A controller for controlling a nonvolatile memory device comprising: a read count table including a plurality of read count data, wherein each of the read count data includes a read count value for one data storage region; a read count address table including a read count address indicating an address of a memory region where the read count data is stored; a flash translation layer (FTL) configured to control an operation of the nonvolatile memory device, and manage the read count table and the read count address table; and a flash interface layer (FIL) configured to control data communication between the FTL and the nonvolatile memory device, and update the read count value based on the read count address when read operation is performed on the data storage region.

Abstract: Provided herein may be a storage device and a method of operating the storage device. A memory controller may include a storage area manager and a write operation controller. The storage area manager may allocate a plurality of memory devices to a first group and a second group in response to a storage area setting command. The write operation controller may control a group selected from the first group and the second group according to a type of a write request to store write data. At least one memory devices in the first group includes memory blocks storing n data bits. At least one memory devices in the second group includes memory blocks storing m data bits.

Abstract: A method according to one embodiment includes generating one or more key tables based on a first seed value; generating one or more secret values from a tweak value based on the one or more key tables; and performing encryption or decryption using the one or more secret values. An apparatus according to one embodiment includes a key table generator configured to generate one or more key tables based on a first seed value, a secret value generator configured to generate one or more secret values from a tweak value based on the one or more key tables, and an encryptor/decryptor configured to perform encryption or decryption using the one or more secret values.

Abstract: Disclosed are a printed circuit board connector according to an embodiment and a module device including same. The printed circuit board connector comprises: a substrate; holes formed in the substrate at predetermined intervals and coated with a metal material on the inner circumferential surface thereof so as to form a metal layer; a first metal pad formed at one end of the holes and connected to the metal layer; and a second metal pad formed at the other end of the holes and connected to the metal layer.

Abstract: A method for generating a key stream according to an embodiment includes generating r round keys that are each N-dimensional integer vectors including elements of an integer set defined based on a prime number t, based on a random bit string, an encryption counter, and a secret key that is an N-dimensional integer vector consisting of elements of the integer set , generating a first round output vector x1 by performing a modular addition operation on an initial vector and a first round key RK1 of the r round keys with the prime number t as a modulus, and generating a key stream that is an N-dimensional integer vector consisting of elements of the integer set from the first round output vector x1 by using a second to r-th round keys of the r round keys, and one or more first round functions and a second round function.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for image compression using a latent variable are provided. The multiple components of the latent variable may be sorted in order of importance. Through sorting, when the feature information of only some of the multiple components is used, the quality of a reconstructed image may be improved. In order to generate a latent variable, the components of which are sorted in order of importance, learning may be performed in various manners. Also, less important information may be eliminated from the latent variable, and processing, such as quantization, may be applied to the latent variable. Through elimination and processing, the amount of data for the latent variable may be reduced.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing L-glufosinate from an L-homoserine derivative compound, the method including a step (step a) of preparing a compound of Chemical Formula 2 from a compound of Chemical Formula 1, and a step (step b) of preparing a compound of Chemical Formula 3 from the compound of Chemical Formula 2.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for image compression based on machine learning using a global context. The disclosed image compression network employs an existing image quality enhancement network for an end-to-end joint learning scheme. The image compression network may jointly optimize image compression enhancement and quality enhancement. The image compression networks and image quality enhancement networks may be easily combined within a unified architecture which minimizes total loss, and may be easily jointly optimized.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a context-adaptive entropy model for end-to-end optimized image compression. The entropy model exploits two types of contexts. The two types of contexts are a bit-consuming context and a bit-free context, respectively, and these contexts are classified depending on the corresponding context requires the allocation of additional bits. Based on these contexts, the entropy model may more accurately estimate the distribution of each latent representation using a more generalized form of entropy models, thus improving compression performance.

Abstract: In a memory controller included in a memory system for processing a program operation fail, the memory controller controls a plurality of memory devices commonly coupled to a channel, the plurality of memory devices respectively performing preset program operations, and includes: a buffer memory for storing data to be stored in the plurality of memory devices, based on a buffer memory index; and a program error processor for acquiring fail data corresponding to a program operation fail from a fail memory device and acquiring reprogram data that is data to be stored together with the fail data, based on the buffer memory index.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device and a controller. The memory device includes a memory block configured to store target data. The controller is configured to maintain the target data in a write buffer until a program operation to the memory block succeeds, update a write cache tag regarding the target data when the program operation fails and a read only mode is entered, and read the target data from the write buffer based on the write cache tag when a read command regarding the target data is received.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method, an apparatus, and a storage medium for image encoding/decoding using prediction. Multiple candidate prediction images are derived, and a final prediction image is generated using the multiple prediction images. The multiple candidate prediction images may be respectively generated using different methods. The multiple candidate prediction images may be generated using neural networks. Here, the multiple candidate prediction images may be respectively derived using different values for a specific coding parameter. Multiple neural networks may use different values for the specific coding parameter. Various coding parameters related to image encoding and/or decoding may be used for embodiments.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a network environment synchronization apparatus and method. The network environment synchronization apparatus includes one or more processors, and execution memory for storing at least one program that is executed by the one or more processors, wherein the at least one program is configured to collect data from a network environment and generate a management structure in which collected data is distributed into preset respective group units, generate data discriminators for respective group units using a preset hash function, determine whether data of the management structure has changed with reference to data newly collected from the network environment based on the data discriminators, and when it is determined whether data of the management structure has changed, update the data of the management structure with the newly collected data.

Abstract: A memory system includes: a memory device; a host interface suitable for receiving write commands and queueing the received write commands in an interface queue; a workload manager suitable for detecting, in a cache program mode, a mixed workload when a read count is greater than a first threshold value, the read count representing a number of read commands queued in the interface queue and the mixed workload representing receipt of a mix of read and write commands; a mode manager suitable for switching from the cache program mode to a normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected; and a processor suitable for processing write commands queued in a command queue in the cache program mode and processing write commands queued in the interface queue in the normal program mode when the mixed workload is detected.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method, an apparatus and a storage medium for image encoding/decoding using a binary mask. An encoding method includes generating a latent vector using an input image, generating a selected latent vector component set using a binary mask, and generating a main bitstream by performing entropy encoding on the selected latent vector component set. A decoding method includes generating a selected latent vector component set including one or more selected latent vector components by performing entropy decoding on a main bitstream and generating the latent vector in which the one or more selected latent vector components are relocated by relocating the selected latent vector component set in the latent vector.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method, an apparatus, and a storage medium for image encoding/decoding using filtering. The image encoding method and the image decoding method perform classification on a classification unit of a target image, and perform filtering that uses a filter on the classification unit. A classification index of the classification unit is determined, and the classification index indicates a filter to be used for filtering on the classification unit, among multiple filters. The classification index is determined by various coding parameters, such as an encoding mode of the target block and an encoding mode of a neighboring block adjacent to the target block.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method, apparatus, system, and computer-readable recording medium for image compression. An encoding apparatus performs preprocessing of feature map information, frame packing, frame classification, and encoding. A decoding apparatus performs decoding, frame depacking, and postprocessing in order to reconstruct feature map information. By encoding the feature map information, inter-prediction and intra-block prediction for a frame are performed. The encoding apparatus provides the decoding apparatus with a feature map information bitstream for reconstructing the feature map information along with an image information bitstream.

Abstract: Provided herein may be a storage device and a method of operating the same. A memory controller for controlling a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks having improved read performance may include a random read workload control unit configured to control a state of a random read workload such that the random read workload is in any one of a set state and a clear state depending on a random read count obtained by counting a number of random read requests that are inputted from an external host; and a random read processing unit configured to retrieve a physical address corresponding to a logical address of the respective random read requests depending on the state of the random read workload.