Abstract: A battery system includes: a first positive terminal; a second positive terminal; a negative terminal; switches; two battery modules, each including three strings of battery cells that are configured to, at different times be: connected in series and to the first positive terminal via first ones of the switches; connected in parallel and to the second positive terminal via second ones of the switches; and disconnected from both of the first and second positive terminals; and a switch control module configured to: determine state of charges (SOCs) of the strings of battery cells, respectively; determine, using model predictive control, periods of phases, respectively, to balance SOCs of the battery modules; determine, using model predictive control, periods for the strings, respectively, including setting one of the periods for one of the strings to be included in at least two of the phases; and selectively actuate the switches based on the periods of the phases and the periods for the strings of battery cells

Abstract: A rotation induction device for a vehicle includes: an upper case formed of a synthetic resin material, and having a piston rod passing therethrough; a lower case formed of a synthetic resin material and disposed under the upper case, wherein the piston rod passes through the lower case; a center plate formed of a synthetic resin material, disposed between the upper case and the lower case such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, and configured to induce the rotation of either one or both of the upper case and the lower case; and an inflow prevention part formed on either one or both of the upper case and the lower case, and configured to block an inflow of foreign matter through the piston rod.

Abstract: A motor drive device is proposed. The motor drive device is configured to drive a motor having a plurality of windings respectively corresponding to a plurality of phases, and includes: a first inverter including a plurality of first switching elements, and connected to a first end of each of the plurality of windings; a second inverter including a plurality of second switching elements, and connected to a second end of each of the plurality of windings; and a controller configured to generate phase voltage commands of the first inverter and phase voltage commands of the second inverter based on preset voltage commands of the motor so that the phase voltage commands of the first inverter and the phase voltage commands of the second inverter are respectively represented as vectors of different angles.

Abstract: A battery system includes: switches; two battery modules, each of the two battery modules including three strings of battery cells configured to, at different times be: connected in series and to a first positive terminal via first ones of the switches; connected in parallel and to a second positive terminal via second ones of the switches; and disconnected from both of the first and second positive terminals; and a switch control module configured to: determine state of charges (SOCs) of the strings of battery cells, respectively; determine, using model predictive control, periods of phases, respectively, to balance SOCs of the battery modules; determine, using model predictive control, periods for the strings, respectively, to be connected during the phases to balance the SOCs of the strings of battery cells; and selectively actuate the switches based on the periods of the phases and the periods for the strings of battery cells.

Abstract: A method and system for estimating state of charge of a lithium battery cell of a vehicle is provided. The method comprises providing a non-linear function of the lithium battery cell, a normalized lithium surface density and an actual voltage at a current of the lithium battery cell having an internal resistance. The method further comprises determining an actual lithium surface density based on the actual voltage relative to an inverse of the non-linear function. The method further comprises determining a varying parameter based on the actual lithium surface density relative to a first diffusion model. The method further comprises determining a predicted lithium surface density based on the varying parameter relative to a second diffusion model. The method further comprises determining an estimated state of charge of the lithium battery cell when a difference between the predicted and actual lithium surface densities is less than a first threshold.

Abstract: A rotation induction device for a vehicle includes: an upper case having a piston rod disposed therethrough; a lower case disposed adjacent to the upper case and having the piston rod disposed therethrough; a center plate disposed between the upper case and the lower case such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, to induce rotation of one or both of the upper case and the lower case; and a friction restraint part formed on one or both of the upper case and the lower case, to restrain friction with the center plate.

Abstract: Provided are a polarizing plate and an optical display device comprising same, the polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and a protective film formed on at least one surface of the polarizer, wherein the polarizer has a depolarization region on at least a part thereof, and the polarizer has a crystallization degree of formula 1 of about 60% or greater.

Abstract: A rotation induction device for a vehicle includes an upper case member, a lower case member, a center plate, and a lubricant storage part. The upper case member has a piston rod disposed therethrough. The lower case member, disposed under the upper case member, has the piston rod disposed therethrough. The center plate, disposed between the upper and lower case members such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, is configured to induce either one or both of the upper and lower case members to rotate. The lubricant storage part is formed in the center plate and configured to store lubricant therein. Each of the upper case member, the lower case member, and the center plate is composed of a synthetic resin material.

Abstract: A rotation induction device for a vehicle, includes an upper case member, a lower case member, a center plate, and an inflow prevention part. The upper case member has a piston rod disposed therethrough. The lower case member, disposed under the upper case member, has the piston rod disposed therethrough. The center plate, disposed between the upper and lower case members such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, is configured to induce either one or both of the upper and lower case members to rotate. The inflow prevention part, formed in the upper and lower case members, is configured to block the inflow of foreign matters. Each of the upper case member, the lower case member, and the center plate is composed of a synthetic resin material.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes first and second sheet patterns spaced apart from each other on a first region of the substrate, a first gate electrode extending between the first and second sheet patterns, third and fourth sheet patterns spaced apart from each other on a second region of the substrate, and a second gate electrode extending between the third and fourth sheet patterns. The first gate electrode includes a first work function controlling film, which is between the first and second sheet patterns, and a first filling conductive film on the first work function controlling film. The second gate electrode includes a second work function controlling film, which is between the third and fourth sheet patterns, and a second filling conductive film on the second work function controlling film. A distance between the third and fourth sheet patterns is greater than a distance between the first and second sheet patterns.

Abstract: A rotation induction device for a vehicle includes: an upper case formed of a synthetic resin material, and having a piston rod passing therethrough; a lower case formed of a synthetic resin material and disposed under the upper case, wherein the piston rod passes through the lower case; a center plate formed of a synthetic resin material, disposed between the upper case and the lower case such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, and configured to induce rotation of either one or both of the upper case and the lower case; and a ring-shaped installation space disposed between the upper and lower cases, wherein the center plate is inserted in the ring-shaped installation space.

Abstract: A rotation induction device for a vehicle includes an upper case member, a lower case member, a center plate, and a friction reduction part. The upper case member has a piston rod disposed therethrough. The lower case member, disposed under the upper case member, has the piston rod disposed therethrough. The center plate, disposed between the upper and lower case members such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, is configured to induce either one or both of the upper and lower case members to rotate. The friction reduction part, configured to reduce friction, is selectively disposed at a contact surface between the upper case member and the center plate, and a contact surface between the center plate and the lower case member. Each of the upper case member, the lower case member, and the center plate is composed of a synthetic resin material.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a coil assembly. According to a first embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a coil assembly including a coil including a multilayer film which is extended between a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end of the multilayer film, which are opposite to each other, and which is wound to form a plurality of loops which are substantially concentric, wherein the multilayer film includes: cut edges which are extended between the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end, and are opposite to each other and are substantially parallel to each other; a metal layer; and a magnetic layer disposed on the metal layer, wherein, at one or more of the first longitudinal end and the second longitudinal end of the multilayer film, the metal layer is electrically connected to a conductive terminal.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an artificial intelligence (AI) system for mimicking functions, such as cognition and determination as of the human brain, by utilizing a machine learning algorithm such as deep learning, and an application thereof. Provided are a neural network learning method according to an AI system and applications thereof, the method including extracting, by using a masking filter having an effective value in a specific portion of the masking filter including weight information of at least one hidden layer included in a learning network model, characteristics of input data according to weight information of a filter corresponding to the specific portion, comparing output data with target data, the output data being obtained from the learning network model based on extracted characteristics of the input data, and updating a size of the specific portion having the effective value in the masking filter, based on a result of the comparing.

Abstract: A rotation induction device for a vehicle includes: an upper case member composed of a synthetic resin material and having a piston rod disposed therethrough; a lower case member composed of a synthetic resin material, disposed under the upper case member, and having the piston rod disposed therethrough; a center plate composed of a synthetic resin material, disposed between the upper and lower case members such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, and configured to induce either one or both of the upper and lower case members to rotate; and a stress distribution part formed on the center plate, and configured to distribute stress caused by a vertical load.

Abstract: A rotation induction device for a vehicle includes: an upper case having a piston rod disposed therethrough; a lower case disposed adjacent to the upper case and having the piston rod disposed therethrough; a center plate between the upper case and the lower case such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, and to induce rotation of one or both of the upper case and the lower case; and a lubricant retention part disposed on the lower case, and to store a lubricant therein.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes: forming first to third preliminary active patterns on a substrate to have different intervals therebetween, forming first and second field insulating layers between the first and second preliminary active patterns and between the second and third preliminary active patterns, respectively, and forming first to third gate electrodes respectively on first to third active patterns formed based on the first to third preliminary active patterns, separated by first and second gate isolation structures.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device capable of improving the performance and reliability of a device. The semiconductor device including an active pattern extending in a first direction, a gate structure on the active pattern, the gate structure extending in a second direction different from the first direction and including a gate insulating layer and a gate filling layer, a gate spacer extending in the second direction, on a sidewall of the gate structure, a gate shield insulating pattern on a sidewall of the gate spacer, covering an upper surface of the gate insulating layer, and including an insulating material, and a gate capping pattern covering an upper surface of the gate filling layer, on the gate structure may be provided.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a coil, a planar coil, and a method for making a coil. Specifically, according to an embodiment of the disclosure, a coil includes: main coil surfaces which are opposite each other and are substantially planar; and a multilayer film which is wound to form a plurality of loops which are substantially concentric, and the plurality of loops include an innermost loop including a first longitudinal direction end of the coil, and an outermost loop including a second longitudinal direction end of the coil, and the multilayer film includes a plurality of first electro-conductive layers which alternate with each other, and one or more second electrical insulation layer.

Abstract: Provided are a polarizing plate and an optical display device including same, the polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and a protection film formed on at least one surface of the polarizer, wherein the polarizer includes, in at least a part thereof, an area having high light transmittance, and the area having the high light transmittance has a depolarization index that is less than or equal to approximately 2% in a wavelength of approximately 550 nm.