Abstract: A combustion mode module is configured to switch operation of a low-temperature combustion (LTC) engine between a spark ignition (SI) mode, a positive valve overlap (PVO) mode, and a negative valve overlap (NVO) mode. A spark control module is configured to control a spark plug to generate a spark in a cylinder of the LTC engine when the LTC engine is operating in the SI mode. A valve control module is configured to control intake and exhaust valves of the cylinder to yield a PVO and a NVO when the LTC engine is operating in the PVO mode and the NVO mode, respectively. An air/fuel (A/F) control module is configured to adjust a desired A/F ratio of the LTC engine to a rich A/F ratio when operation of the LTC engine is switched to the PVO mode from either one of the SI mode and the NVO mode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method for remotely controlling peripheral devices in a mobile communication terminal includes acquiring a profile for a controlled peripheral device, configuring a control application for the controlled peripheral device based on the acquired profile, and controlling the controlled peripheral device using the configured control application.

Abstract: A wire rod and a steel wire for a high stress suspension spring for motorcycles, wherein decarbonization and low-temperature structure occurrence are easily suppressed when the wire rod and the steel wire are cooled down; and a manufacturing method therefor. A steel wire for a high strength spring includes, in percent by weight (wt %), 0.55 to 0.65% of carbon (C), 0.5 to 0.9% of silicon (Si), 0.3 to 0.8% of manganese (Mn), 0.3 to 0.6% of chromium (Cr), 0.015% or less of phosphorus (P), 0.01% or less of sulfur (S), 0.01% or less of aluminum (Al), 0.005% or less of nitrogen (N), and the remainder of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities, satisfies Formula (1) below, and comprises 90% or more of a tempered martensite structure. In Formula (1), C, Mn, Cr, and Si denote contents (wt %) of the corresponding elements, respectively. (1) 0.77?C+(?)*Mn+(?)*Cr+( 1/24)*Si?0.83.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and a display apparatus including the same. The polarizing plate includes: a polarizer and a protective film stacked at least on one surface of the polarizer, wherein the polarizing plate includes at least a depolarization region in an in-plane direction thereof, and the depolarization region has a maximum absorbance of 0.5 to 1.5 in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 420 nm and a light transmittance ratio (ratio of light transmittance at a wavelength of 590 nm to light transmittance at a wavelength of 400 nm) of 1 to 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer, an organic solar cell comprising the polymer, and a perovskite solar cell comprising the polymer. The polymer according to the present invention has excellent absorption ability for visible light and an energy level suitable for the use as an electron donor compound in a photo-active layer of the organic solar cell, thereby increasing the light conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell. In addition, the polymer according to the present invention has high hole mobility, and is used as a compound for a hole transport layer, and thus can improve efficiency and service life of the perovskite solar cell without an additive.

Abstract: A method and system for estimating state of charge of a lithium battery cell of a vehicle is provided. The method comprises providing a non-linear function of the lithium battery cell, a normalized lithium surface density and an actual voltage at a current of the lithium battery cell having an internal resistance. The method further comprises determining an actual lithium surface density based on the actual voltage relative to an inverse of the non-linear function. The method further comprises determining a varying parameter based on the actual lithium surface density relative to a first diffusion model. The method further comprises determining a predicted lithium surface density based on the varying parameter relative to a second diffusion model. The method further comprises determining an estimated state of charge of the lithium battery cell when a difference between the predicted and actual lithium surface densities is less than a first threshold.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices and methods of forming the same are provided. Semiconductor devices may include a substrate including first and second regions, first active fins extending in a first direction on the first region, second active fins extending parallel to the first active fins on the second region, and single diffusion break regions between two first active fins. Single diffusion break regions may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction. The semiconductor devices may also include a lower diffusion break region between two second active fins and extending in a second direction that is different from the first direction and upper diffusion break regions on the lower diffusion break region. The upper diffusion break regions may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction, and each of the upper diffusion break regions may overlap the lower diffusion break region.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a first connection line disposed on a surface of the first substrate, a thin film transistor layer disposed on the first connection line, the thin film transistor layer including a plurality of thin film transistors, a first pad portion disposed on another surface of the first substrate, and a plurality of conductive parts disposed in the first substrate, including a material different from those of the first connection line and the first pad portion, and electrically connecting the first connection line and the first pad portion. The plurality of conductive parts include carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus including the same. The polarizing plate includes: a polarizer; a first retardation layer; and a second retardation layer, the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer being sequentially laminated on a lower surface of the polarizer, wherein the first retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.03, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.98 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation of about 220 nm to about 270 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm, the second retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.1, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.96 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation of about 80 nm to about 130 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm, and a ratio (Rth/d) of out-of-plane retardation (Rth, unit: nm) of the second retardation layer at a wavelength of about 550 nm to thickness (d, unit: ?m) of the second retardation layer ranges from about ?33 nm/?m to about ?15 nm/?m.

Abstract: A nickel-plated heat-treated steel sheet having excellent workability and a method of manufacturing the same. The nickel-plated heat-treated steel sheet includes: a base steel sheet; a nickel layer formed on one or both surfaces of the base steel sheet; and a nickel-iron (Ni—Fe) alloy layer formed between the base steel sheet and the nickel layer, and has a superficial Rockwell hardness of about 52 to about 62.

Abstract: A computing system includes an ISA identifier to identify an ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) of a task; a core selector to select a core having a highest power-performance efficiency among a plurality of cores based on the identified ISA; and a task allocator to allocate the task to the selected core.

Abstract: A light emitting device and a production method thereof. The light emitting device includes a light emitting layer including a plurality of quantum dots, and an electron auxiliary layer disposed on the light emitting layer, the electron auxiliary layer configured to transport electrons, inject electrons into the light emitting layer, or a combination thereof, wherein the electron auxiliary layer includes a plurality of metal oxide nanoparticles and a nitrogen-containing metal complex. The metal oxide nanoparticles include zinc and optionally a dopant metal, the dopant metal includes Mg, Co, Ga, Ca, Zr, W, Li, Ti, Y, Al, Co, or a combination thereof and a mole ratio of nitrogen to zinc in the electron auxiliary layer is greater than or equal to about 0.001:1.

Abstract: A signal acquisition method and device. Positioning signals as received are divided into at least two groups and frequency compensation is performed on each group of positioning signals. Each frequency compensated group of positioning signals is divided into at least two signal blocks, and an averaging operation is performed on the signal blocks in each group of signals, so as to obtain block-averaged groups of positioning signals. An acquisition result is determined based on the block-averaged groups of positioning signals. Noise power of each block-averaged group of signals is reduced. Therefore, noise power of received positioning signals can be reduced. This may improve signal-to-noise ratio of received signals and acquisition sensitivity of a receiver. Therefore, acquisition success rate of weak signals is increased.

Abstract: A control system for reducing drive shaft vibration of an environment-friendly vehicle includes: a drive shaft speed extraction unit that extracts an actual drive shaft speed of a motor and extracts a drive shaft speed from which a forced vibration component that is to be transferred by an engine to the drive shaft is removed; a model speed computation unit that calculates a model speed of the drive shaft; a free vibration computation unit that computes a free vibration component on the basis of deviation between the drive shaft speed and the calculated model speed; and a first torque computation unit that calculates, from the free vibration component, a free vibration reduction compensation torque for reducing the drive shaft vibration.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display including the same are provided. A polarizing plate includes a polarizer; and a first retardation layer and a second retardation layer sequentially stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, and the first retardation layer has a degree of biaxiality (NZ) of less than 0 at a wavelength of 550 nm and is a non-liquid crystal layer, and the second retardation layer has a degree of biaxiality (NZ) of greater than 1 at a wavelength of 550 nm.

Abstract: A rotation induction device for a vehicle includes: an upper case having a piston rod disposed therethrough; a lower case disposed adjacent to the upper case and having the piston rod disposed therethrough; a center plate disposed between the upper case and the lower case such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, to induce rotation of one or both of the upper case and the lower case; and a friction restraint part formed on one or both of the upper case and the lower case, to restrain friction with the center plate.

Abstract: A rotation induction device for a vehicle includes: an upper case having a piston rod disposed therethrough; a lower case disposed adjacent to the upper case and having the piston rod disposed therethrough; a center plate between the upper case and the lower case such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, and to induce rotation of one or both of the upper case and the lower case; and a lubricant retention part disposed on the lower case, and to store a lubricant therein.

Abstract: A rotation induction device for a vehicle includes: an upper case having a piston rod disposed therethrough; a lower case disposed adjacent to the upper case and having the piston rod disposed therethrough; and a center plate disposed between the upper case and the lower case such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, and to be brought into line contact with the upper case and the lower case to induce rotation.

Abstract: A rotation induction device for a vehicle includes: an upper case formed of a synthetic resin material, and having a piston rod passing therethrough; a lower case formed of a synthetic resin material and disposed under the upper case, wherein the piston rod passes through the lower case; a center plate formed of a synthetic resin material, disposed between the upper case and the lower case such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, and configured to induce rotation of either one or both of the upper case and the lower case; and a ring-shaped installation space disposed between the upper and lower cases, wherein the center plate is inserted in the ring-shaped installation space.

Abstract: A rotation induction device for a vehicle includes: an upper case having a piston rod disposed therethrough; a lower case disposed adjacent to the upper case and having the piston rod disposed therethrough; a center plate disposed between the upper case and the lower case such that the piston rod passes through the center plate, to induce rotation of one or both of the upper case and the lower case; and a position guide part formed on one or both of the upper case and the lower case, to guide a position of the center plate.