Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor substrate including an uneven structure disposed on a surface of a substrate, a buffer layer disposed on the uneven structure, the buffer layer having an acicular structure, a compound semiconductor layer disposed on the buffer layer to planarize the uneven structure, and a plurality of voids defined between the substrate and the compound semiconductor layer, and a method for manufacturing the same. Thus, since the acicular structure disposed on the uneven structure of the substrate forms the voids on an interface between the substrate and the single crystal GaN layer to relax a stress due to a lattice mismatch and intercept propagation of a breakdown potential, a warpage characteristic of the grown single crystal GaN layer may be reduced, as well as, crystallinity may be improved.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor substrate and a method for manufacturing the same. The semiconductor substrate includes a substrate, a discontinuously formed hemispheric metal layer on the substrate, and a semiconductor layer on the hemispheric metal layer. A plurality of voids on the interface of the substrate and discontinuous hemisphere are formed to absorb or relax the stain of interface. Accordingly, even if a subsequent layer is relatively thickly formed on the substrate, substrate bow or warpage can be minimized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ubiquitous sensor network-based system and method for automatically managing food sanitation. The system includes at least one sensor node (100) configured to measure and store sensing information, compare measured values with preset values, and generate a warning message. A sink node (200) mediates between the sensor node and a management server (400) and between the mobile terminal and the management server. A mobile terminal (300) reads food information using an RFID reader or a barcode reader, transmits the food information, measures and stores sensing information, compares the measured values with preset values, and generates a warning message. The management server (400) generates a control command, transmits the control command to the sensor node or the mobile terminal, and notifies a manager of an urgent situation and a location of the kitchen appliance if received data is a warning message.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a metal-insulator-metal capacitor are provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having a dual-damascene gate including forming LDD regions by forming a gate oxide film on a semiconductor substrate, and by implanting lowly-concentrated impurities in the semiconductor substrate in accordance with a predetermined LDD pattern, and forming a nitride film on the gate oxide film, and forming a wide nitride film in accordance with the wide nitride pattern. The method also includes forming a narrow nitride film by a narrow etching process on the wide nitride film in accordance with a predetermined narrow nitride film pattern, forming a dual-damascene gate by depositing a polysilicon layer on an exposed entire surface and smoothing the deposited polysilicon layer to a top surface of the nitride film, and forming a gate electrode by removing a predetermined region of the polysilicon layer.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a metal-insulator-metal capacitor are provided.

Abstract: A movable frog toy includes a body, a mouth, a movable tongue, and front and rear legs. A sound generator is provided for simulating audible sounds of a real frog. A drive motor and transmission provide power and movement to the parts of the frog to simulate the realistic movements of a frog. The drive motor may be an electric motor. A plurality of gear groups coupled thereto are selectively driven to impart the realistic motion to the respective parts of the frog.

Abstract: A laser beam modulation apparatus modulates a EFM (eight-fourteen modulated) signal to generate as a laser power control signal a pulse modulated EFM signal (PM-EFM). During each of on-time intervals of the EFM signal, the pulse modulated EFM signal serves to apply the laser beam on a recording area on a phase-change disk and to undulate the laser beam in order to prevent an overheating of the recording area.