Abstract: An internal combustion engine system includes: a turbine disposed in an exhaust passage; a bypass passage provided in the exhaust passage and bypassing the turbine; a wastegate valve that opens and closes the bypass passage; and an air-fuel ratio sensor provided downstream of a discharge port of the bypass passage. The air-fuel ratio sensor is provided at such a position that the proportion of the amount of exhaust gas that directly strikes the air-fuel ratio sensor to the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the bypass passage changes depending on the opening degree of the wastegate valve. When the engine is in a cold-start state, the proportion of the amount of exhaust gas that directly strikes the air-fuel ratio sensor after being discharged from the bypass passage to the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the bypass passage is made smaller than when the engine is in a warm-start state.

Abstract: Provided is a time division duplex communication apparatus capable of distinguishing interruption by a received interference wave at a reception time, interruption occurring upon completion of measurement of received power, and interruption caused by power leaked into a receiving system during transmission time. The time division duplex communication apparatus includes a variable attenuator 7 for adjusting power of a reception signal, an interruption factor detection unit 11 for detecting an interruption signal from the reception signal, a reception timing determination unit 21 for determining whether the interruption signal is due to a received interference wave, and an interference wave determination unit 31 for controlling the variable attenuator 7 when it is determined that the interruption signal is due to the received interference wave.

Abstract: High pressure regions (31H to 35H) and low pressure regions (31L to 34L) are created based on the exhaust gas flow at curves in an EGR pipe (30), thereby enabling the exhaust gas pressure at inlets (21b to 26b) of gas introduction passages (21a to 26a) to be adjusted. Accordingly, regardless of the number of cylinders or whether the lengths of the flow paths of the EGR pipe (30) are the same, the exhaust pressure at the inlets (21b to 26b) of the gas introduction passages (21a to 26a) can be appropriately adjusted so any difference in pressure of exhaust gas introduced into branch pipes (21 to 26) can be reduced. In this way, the EGR rates of the cylinders can be made closer or the same such that stable combustion can be achieved, thus enabling stable engine operation to be maintained. The EGR pipe (30) is arranged weaving closely between the branch pipes (21 to 26) so space efficiency can be improved and a sufficient amount of exhaust gas can be introduced evenly into the cylinders.

Abstract: Provided is a device which can present three dimensional information by a simple structure and in which the information can be viewed with the naked eye. A plurality of rotary line-light-source units are arranged. The line-light-source units provide different pieces of image information in different directions, in order to produce a parallax between both eyes. A three-dimensional image control unit performs a control to provide thinned image information at corresponding positions to the plurality of line-light-source units and successively present the entire three-dimensional image information by scrolling. As a result, a viewer can recognize the three-dimensional image moved and presented by the scroll control.

Abstract: A recording apparatus includes a recording unit that forms an image on a recording medium, a recording medium conveying unit, which confronts the recording unit, and which includes a recording medium supporting surface including a hole, a suction unit that draws air through the hole to draw the recording medium in order to stick the recording medium to the recording medium supporting surface, and a re-conveying unit that re-conveys the recording medium to an upstream of the recording medium conveying unit in a conveying direction, wherein the suction unit discharges air toward the recording medium that is being conveyed by the re-conveying unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device to display moving and still images with superior image quality, comparable to common LCDs and to display memory images by a voltage lower than conventional electronic paper, and a method for operating the same. The liquid crystal display device comprises: a pair of electrode substrates facing each other; an orientation film of a polymer material on the pair of electrode substrates; a liquid crystal material between the pair of electrode substrates, wherein the liquid crystal display device displays an image by varying orientation of the liquid crystal material and a surfacial region of the orientation film, depending on temperature and voltage.

Abstract: A liquid ejection apparatus including: a head having an ejection face having ejection openings for ejecting liquid onto a recording medium; a convey belt that has a support region for supporting the recording medium and a preliminary ejection region onto which the liquid is ejected in preliminary ejection and that conveys the recording medium in a conveying direction, wherein the preliminary ejection is ejection not contributing to image recording; and a controller which controls the head and the convey belt based on preliminary ejection data such that, until a specific length of time has passed from the ejection of the liquid onto the preliminary ejection region, liquid is landed on a position in the preliminary ejection region in current ejection, which position does not overlap at least one position of the liquid landed after the ejection of the liquid.

Abstract: A mold for nanoimprint including a liquid-crystalline polysilane and having a raised and recessed surface formed by the formation of a smectic phase due to the orientation of the liquid-crystalline polysilane.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas-cooling pipe element provided between an exhaust port of an internal combustion engine and an exhaust branch pipe, a center axis of an exhaust introduction opening that is connected to the exhaust port and a center axis of an exhaust discharge opening that is connected to the exhaust branch pipe are placed out of alignment with each other.

Abstract: A polishing method and a polishing apparatus capable of polishing a surface of a substrate made of SiC or diamond extremely smoothly and efficiently without causing subsurface damage are provided. A polishing platen 1 can rotate around a rotating shaft 4, and is made of quartz having high transparency to ultraviolet radiation. A large number of grooves 11 are arranged on a front surface of the polishing platen 1 in a lattice form, and each of the grooves 11 is filled with solid photocatalytic particles 20 (CeO2). The polishing platen 1 is relatively rubbed against a to-be-polished surface 30A of a substrate 30 made of silicon carbide (SiC) or diamond (C) while pressing the polishing platen 1 to the to-be-polished surface 30A of the substrate 30 with a very high pressure, thereby the to-be-polished surface 30A is oxidized by the solid photocatalytic particles 20 to perform chemical polishing.

Abstract: Disclosed are a liquid crystal display element exhibiting a continuous gradation memory property as well as different display properties substantially similar to those of a liquid crystal display element having nematic liquid crystals, while enabling continuous tone display, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A laser device includes a cavity and a control portion. The cavity has an optical amplifier, a wavelength selectable portion having a changeable transmission wavelength range, and a mirror. The control portion controls the wavelength selectable portion so that the transmission wavelength range of the wavelength selectable portion is changed to a given range. The control portion controls the wavelength selectable portion so that the cavity outputs a desirable lasing wavelength light and optical intensity of the desirable lasing wavelength light is a given value, after controlling the wavelength selectable portion so that the cavity outputs the desirable lasing wavelength light.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal comprising a first liquid compound having bent structures and a second liquid crystal compound. A liquid crystal phase formed by the first liquid crystal compound exhibits ferroelectricity or antiferroelectricity while a liquid crystal phase formed by the second liquid crystal compound exhibits neither ferroelectricity nor antiferroelectricity. A smectic liquid crystal phase formed by the first liquid crystal compound has a tilted structure while a smectic liquid crystal phase formed by the second liquid crystal compound has no tilted structure. The first liquid crystal compound is represented by the following chemical formula (m=16) and the second liquid crystal compound is represented by the following chemical formula (m=4).

Abstract: A laser oscillation element 1 according to the invention comprises a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2 containing cholesteric liquid crystals, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3 containing cholesteric liquid crystals facing the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2, and a defect layer 4 containing a dye 5 which emits fluorescence upon optical excitation disposed between the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2, 3. A selective reflection wavelength band in the cholesteric liquid crystals overlaps with the emission band of the fluorescence emitted by the dye 5, the helical winding directions of the cholesteric liquid crystals contained in the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2, 3 are identical, and the transition moments of the dye 5 are aligned parallel to the surfaces of the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2, 3. According to the laser oscillation element 1, a laser oscillation can be generated with high efficiency. Moreover, continuous wave lasing can be generated.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal comprising a first liquid compound having bent structures and a second liquid crystal compound. A liquid crystal phase formed by the first liquid crystal compound exhibits ferroelectricity or antiferroelectricity while a liquid crystal phase formed by the second liquid crystal compound exhibits neither ferroelectricity nor antiferroelectricity. A smectic liquid crystal phase formed by the first liquid crystal compound has a tilted structure while a smectic liquid crystal phase formed by the second liquid crystal compound has no tilted structure.

Abstract: A laser module has an optical amplifier, a first etalon and a wavelength selectable mirror. The first etalon has wavelength peaks at a given wavelength interval in transmission characteristics and transmits a light from the optical amplifier. The wavelength peaks are tunable. The wavelength selectable mirror acts as an external mirror of an external cavity laser including the optical amplifier, and has a relatively high reflection intensity at a part of wavelength range in an effective gain range of the optical amplifier. The effective gain range of the optical amplifier includes more than one wavelength peak of the first etalon. A reflection bandwidth where the wavelength selectable mirror has a relatively high reflection intensity is less than twice of the wavelength interval of the wavelength peaks of the first etalon.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrolyte having excellent long-term reliability, a high withstanding voltage (a wide potential window), and high conductivity. The electrolyte contains a quaternary ammonium salt represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 represents a hydrocarbon group; R2 represents a hydrocarbon group, a hydrogen atom, or a halogen atom; R3 to R14 each represent an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, C and C* each represent a carbon atom, N represents a nitrogen atom; h, i, j, x, y, and z are each an integer of 0 to 6, (h+x) is an integer of 0 to 6, (i+y) and (j+z) are each an integer of 1 to 6; and X? represents a counter anion having a HOMO energy of ?0.60 to ?0.20 a.u. as determined by the first-principle calculation on molecular orbital of the counter anion.

Abstract: The nanoimprint mold of the invention comprises a liquid crystal substance and has an indentation surface on which a relief structure is formed by orientation of the liquid crystal substance. The nanoimprint mold can be easily produced without providing joints, even when the area of the transfer indentation surface is large.

Abstract: A recording apparatus includes a recording unit that forms an image on a recording medium, a recording medium conveying unit, which confronts the recording unit, and which includes a recording medium supporting surface including a hole, a suction unit that draws air through the hole to draw the recording medium in order to stick the recording medium to the recording medium supporting surface, and a re-conveying unit that re-conveys the recording medium to an upstream of the recording medium conveying unit in a conveying direction, wherein the suction unit discharges air toward the recording medium that is being conveyed by the re-conveying unit.

Abstract: Fluid colloidal crystals comprising a solid-liquid dispersion electrostatically charged at not more than 2000 ?S/cm in terms of an electrical conductivity, wherein the solid-liquid dispersion comprises, as a dispersoid, electrostatically chargeable spherical colloidal particles of an organic or inorganic polymer having a mean volume diameter (d) of not more than 30 ?m, and as a dispersion medium, an aqueous solution or a dissolving water-containing non-aqueous solution, the dispersion concentration of the spherical colloidal particles is not more than 70%, around the dispersoid an electric double layer of a given thickness (?e) is formed, and the spherical colloidal particles form a three-dimensionally ordered lattice that shows fluidity and is a particle array structure in which the colloidal particles are aligned longitudinally and laterally in a lattice form while an interparticle distance (L) defined as a distance between centers of the particles arranged opposite to each other along the center line satis