Abstract: The present invention provides a carrier for immobilizing a bio-derived polymer, and especially, the present invention provides a carrier of diamond fine particle for immobilizing a DNA, RNA, protein and peptide, as well as a DNA chip substrate, a carrier for trapping virus and a vaccine. The carrier is prepared by the steps comprising: preparing an initial mixture including a diamond and a non-diamond by means of explosion of a detonating agent; subjecting the initial mixture to an oxidation treatment to obtain a suspension solution including the diamond; and separating a phase including the diamond. According to the present invention, after the oxidation treatment, a basic material having per se volatility or to generate a decomposed material having volatility is added, to neutralize with nitric acid, and thereby obtained diamond fine particle has a functional group on the surface thereof.

Abstract: A polishing method and a polishing apparatus capable of polishing a surface of a substrate made of SiC or diamond extremely smoothly and efficiently without causing subsurface damage are provided. A polishing platen 1 can rotate around a rotating shaft 4, and is made of quartz having high transparency to ultraviolet radiation. A large number of grooves 11 are arranged on a front surface of the polishing platen 1 in a lattice form, and each of the grooves 11 is filled with solid photocatalytic particles 20 (CeO2). The polishing platen 1 is relatively rubbed against a to-be-polished surface 30A of a substrate 30 made of silicon carbide (SiC) or diamond (C) while pressing the polishing platen 1 to the to-be-polished surface 30A of the substrate 30 with a very high pressure, thereby the to-be-polished surface 30A is oxidized by the solid photocatalytic particles 20 to perform chemical polishing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carrier for immobilizing a bio-derived polymer, and especially, the present invention provides a carrier of diamond fine particle for immobilizing a DNA, RNA, protein and peptide, as well as a DNA chip substrate, a carrier for trapping virus and a vaccine. The carrier is prepared by the steps comprising: preparing an initial mixture including a diamond and a non-diamond by means of explosion of a detonating agent; subjecting the initial mixture to an oxidation treatment to obtain a suspension solution including the diamond; and separating a phase including the diamond. According to the present invention, after the oxidation treatment, a basic material having per se volatility or to generate a decomposed material having volatility is added, to neutralize with nitric acid, and thereby obtained diamond fine particle has a functional group on the surface thereof.

Abstract: A process to produce a polymer liquid crystalline composition having temperature dependency of desired circular polarization selective reflection wave length property by only mixing two or more kinds of starting materials having different weight-average molecular weight comprising, mixing two or more kinds of rigid rodlike helical polymers with chiral side chains having different weight-average molecular weight synthesized from same molecules and having same repeating unit whose molecular weight distribution defined by the ratio of weight average molecular weight/number average molecular weight is from 1.00 to 1.25, and controlling weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution by mixing ratio.

Abstract: A laser device includes a cavity and a control portion. The cavity has an optical amplifier, a wavelength selectable portion having a changeable transmission wavelength range, and a mirror. The control portion controls the wavelength selectable portion so that the transmission wavelength range of the wavelength selectable portion is changed to a given range. The control portion controls the wavelength selectable portion so that the cavity outputs a desirable lasing wavelength light and optical intensity of the desirable lasing wavelength light is a given value, after controlling the wavelength selectable portion so that the cavity outputs the desirable lasing wavelength light.

Abstract: A laser module has an optical amplifier, a first etalon and a wavelength selectable mirror. The first etalon has wavelength peaks at a given wavelength interval in transmission characteristics and transmits a light from the optical amplifier. The wavelength peaks are tunable. The wavelength selectable mirror acts as an external mirror of an external cavity laser including the optical amplifier, and has a relatively high reflection intensity at a part of wavelength range in an effective gain range of the optical amplifier. The effective gain range of the optical amplifier includes more than one wavelength peak of the first etalon. A reflection bandwidth where the wavelength selectable mirror has a relatively high reflection intensity is less than twice of the wavelength interval of the wavelength peaks of the first etalon.

Abstract: A laser oscillation element 1 according to the invention comprises a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2 containing cholesteric liquid crystals, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 3 containing cholesteric liquid crystals facing the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 2, and a defect layer 4 containing a dye 5 which emits fluorescence upon optical excitation disposed between the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2, 3. A selective reflection wavelength band in the cholesteric liquid crystals overlaps with the emission band of the fluorescence emitted by the dye 5, the helical winding directions of the cholesteric liquid crystals contained in the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2, 3 are identical, and the transition moments of the dye 5 are aligned parallel to the surfaces of the cholesteric liquid crystal layers 2, 3. According to the laser oscillation element 1, a laser oscillation can be generated with high efficiency. Moreover, continuous wave lasing can be generated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carrier for immobilizing a bio-derived polymer, and especially, the present invention provides a carrier of diamond fine particle for immobilizing a DNA, RNA, protein and peptide, as well as a DNA chip substrate, a carrier for trapping virus and a vaccine. The carrier is prepared by the steps comprising: preparing an initial mixture including a diamond and a non-diamond by means of explosion of a detonating agent; subjecting the initial mixture to an oxidation treatment to obtain a suspension solution including the diamond; and separating a phase including the diamond. According to the present invention, after the oxidation treatment, a basic material having per se volatility or to generate a decomposed material having volatility is added, to neutralize with nitric acid, and thereby obtained diamond fine particle has a functional group on the surface thereof.

Abstract: Fluid colloidal crystals comprising a solid-liquid dispersion electrostatically charged at not more than 2000 ?S/cm in terms of an electrical conductivity, wherein the solid-liquid dispersion comprises, as a dispersoid, electrostatically chargeable spherical colloidal particles of an organic or inorganic polymer having a mean volume diameter (d) of not more than 30 ?m, and as a dispersion medium, an aqueous solution or a dissolving water-containing non-aqueous solution, the dispersion concentration of the spherical colloidal particles is not more than 70%, around the dispersoid an electric double layer of a given thickness (?e) is formed, and the spherical colloidal particles form a three-dimensionally ordered lattice that shows fluidity and is a particle array structure in which the colloidal particles are aligned longitudinally and laterally in a lattice form while an interparticle distance (L) defined as a distance between centers of the particles arranged opposite to each other along the center line satis

Abstract: A process to produce a polymer liquid crystalline composition having temperature dependency of desired circular polarization selective reflection wave length property by only mixing two or more kinds of starting materials having different weight-average molecular weight comprising, mixing two or more kinds of rigid rodlike helical polymers with chiral side chains having different weight-average molecular weight synthesized from same molecules and having same repeating unit whose molecular weight distribution defined by the ratio of weight average molecular weight/number average molecular weight is from 1.00 to 1.25, and controlling weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution by mixing ratio.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carrier for immobilizing a bio-derived polymer, and especially, the present invention provides a carrier of diamond fine particle for immobilizing a DNA, RNA, protein and peptide, as well as a DNA chip substrate, a carrier for trapping virus and a vaccine. The carrier is prepared by the steps comprising: preparing an initial mixture including a diamond and a non-diamond by means of explosion of a detonating agent; subjecting the initial mixture to an oxidation treatment to obtain a suspension solution including the diamond; and separating a phase including the diamond. According to the present invention, after the oxidation treatment, a basic material having per se volatility or to generate a decomposed material having volatility is added, to neutralize with nitric acid, and thereby obtained diamond fine particle has a functional group on the surface thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oscillation measuring method comprising: a laser beam emission step S1 for emitting a laser beam to an object to be measured; a return beam reception step S2 for receiving a return beam reflected by the object and having an object Doppler frequency according to a velocity of the object; a self-mixing step S3 for mixing the return beam having the Doppler frequency with another beam emitted upon reception of the return beam and generating a self-frequency according to a resonator change during a time from the emission to the reception of the return beam, so as to generate a beat wave containing the object Doppler frequency superposed with the self-frequency; and an oscillation information output step S4 for outputting the beat wave or information obtained from signal processing of the beat wave as the object oscillation information. This enables to measure a fine oscillation of an object to be measured.

Abstract: A polishing apparatus includes a rotatable sample holder for holding a substrate which has a rugged surface, a rotatable polishing table, a polishing cloth adapted to contact the substrate which is held on said sample holder, a device for supplying a polishing reagent between said polishing cloth and the substrate which is held on the sample holder, an elastic member arranged between the polishing table and the polishing cloth. The polishing cloth is fixed to the polishing table in a tensioned state without being adhered to the elastic member.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oscillation measuring method comprising: a laser beam emission step S1 for emitting a laser beam to an object to be measured; a return beam reception step S2 for receiving a return beam reflected by the object and having an object Doppler frequency according to a velocity of the object; a self-mixing step S3 for mixing the return beam having the Doppler frequency with another beam emitted upon reception of the return beam and generating a self-frequency according to a resonator change during a time from the emission to the reception of the return beam, so as to generate a beat wave containing the object Doppler frequency superposed with the self-frequency; and an oscillation information output step S4 for outputting the beat wave or information obtained from signal processing of the beat wave as the object oscillation information. This enables to measure a fine oscillation of an object to be measured.

Abstract: A polishing apparatus and a polishing method using the apparatus in which an elastic portion is interposed between a polishing table and a polishing cloth, whereby the contacting state between the face of the polishing cloth and a face of a sample to be polished is made uniform and the flatness of the sample is improved. A polishing apparatus and a polishing method using the apparatus in which a second elastic body having on a sample-contacting face resin pellets and/or polishing particles is used in a polishing cloth, whereby the degree of the polishing on a face of a sample to be polished is uniformalized in a macroscopic view point and the flatness is improved in a microscopic view point.

Abstract: In a paper feed unit, a plurality of stacking plates are stacked in a box. The stacking plates can stack paper of different sizes and are stacked on each other. Paper stored on each stacking plate is taken out by a pickup roller, a paper feed roller, and a separation roller. These rollers can be moved to positions for taking out paper stored on the stacking plates. Taken-out paper is guided to a photosensitive drum through guide plates.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes a casing having inlet and outlet openings which are formed in a front side wall of the casing. An image reading section is arranged in the casing near a rear side wall of the casing. Originals inserted into the casing through the inlet opening are fed by a feeding mechanism to the reading section one by one while being turned by a guide in the casing. The originals passed through the reading section are discharged out of the casing through the outlet opening by a discharging mechanism.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first conveying path on which paper enters between a photosenitive drum and a transfer unit facing the drum and leaves there. A lower unit in an opening/closing unit holds, on the lower side of the first conveying path, a lower resist roller in a resist roller pair, belt conveyor, lower paper discharge roller in a paper discharge roller pair and transfer unit. The lower unit is movable in a direction away from the photosensitive drum so as to open the first paper conveying path. An apparatus body includes a paper storage section having a double function of providing a spacing for allowing the opening/closing motion of the lower unit and storing image-printed paper therein. The apparatus body has a second conveying path connected to the first conveying path and guiding the image-formed paper to the paper storage section so as to allow the image-formed paper to be stored in the paper storage section in a reversed state.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a scanner, moved between the end portions of an original table, for projecting light toward the original on the table. The scanner is inclined from a direction perpendicular to the table in a direction of one end of the table to scan the original. A gate-like stopper is movable between a contact position and a separate position. At the contact position, the stopper sets the original at a position located away from the end edge of the table by a predetermined distance so that the original is set to fall outside a region where light from the scanner is attenuated. The apparatus also includes a gate of elastic sheet for allowing movement of the original from an original feed device onto the table while being elastically pushed aside by the original fed onto the table, and for guiding the original ejected from the table by an original eject device to an external guide member while resisting the original ejected from the table not to be pushed aside by the ejected original.

Abstract: An image scanning apparatus for scanning an image on an image bearing member. The apparatus includes a platen glass for supporting an original having an image on a supporting surface, a platen sheet, movably mounted between a first position and a second position, for depressing the original against said supporting means, an image scanning device for scanning the image on the original along the supporting surface, an exposure command key for activating an activating device of the platen sheet to move from the first position to the second position so as to cause the platen sheet to expose the original and a depression command key for activating the activating device of the platen sheet to move from the second position to the first position so as to cause the platen sheet to depress the original against the platen glass.