Abstract: To provide an electrochromic compound, represented by the following general formula (I): General Formula (I) where X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 and X8 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent; R1 and R2 are each independently a monovalent substituent; A? and B? are each independently a monovalent anion; and Y is represented by the following general formula (II) or (III): General Formula (II) General Formula (III) where X9, X10, X12, X13, X14, X15, X16, X17, and X18 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.

Abstract: An electrochromic device, which contains: one support; a first electrode layer formed on the support; a second electrode layer provided to face the first electrode layer; an electrochromic layer provided to be in contact with the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer; a solid electrolyte layer containing inorganic particles, which is filled between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and is provided to be in contact with the electrochromic layer; and a protective layer provided on the second electrode layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic display element, including a display substrate, an opposed substrate that is opposed to the display substrate, an opposed electrode being formed at a display-substrate-opposed side of the opposed substrate, a first display electrode and a first electrochromic layer being laminated at an opposed-substrate-opposed side of the display substrate, a single porous film being formed between the display substrate and the opposed substrate, a second display electrode and a second electrochromic layer being laminated at a display-substrate-opposed side of the porous film, a third display electrode and a third electrochromic layer being laminated at an opposed-substrate-opposed side of the porous film, and an electrolyte being present between the display substrate and the opposed substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic device that has a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer provided to oppose the first electrode layer, an electrochromic layer provided between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and an electrolyte filling a predetermined region between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, wherein a through-hole is formed on at least one layer of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer and wherein a supporter is provided on only either one side of an outside of the first electrode layer and an outside of the second electrode layer.

Abstract: An electro-chromic display element includes a display electrode 1 provided on a display substrate 1b an electro-chromic layer 3 provided on the display electrode 1; multiple opposing electrodes 2 which are provided on an opposing substrate 2b and which are arranged to oppose the display electrode 1; an electrolytic layer 4 provided between the display electrode 1 and the multiple opposing electrodes 2; and an erasing electrode 5 placed between the display electrode 1 and the multiple opposing electrodes 2 and which is arranged such that the electro-chromic layer 3 is placed between the third electrode and the display electrode 1.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device includes an electrochromic display element including a display electrode, an electrochromic layer provided on the display electrode, an opposing electrode facing the display electrode, and an electrolyte layer sandwiched between the display electrode and the opposing electrode. The electrochromic display device further includes a switching element, and a electric storage element. The display electrode is connected with the opposing electrode by a power source or the electric storage element via the switching element, and when performing driving, part of electric charges, which are stored in the electrochromic display element, are applied for charging the electric storage element, or electric charges in the electric storage element that has been charged are used for driving the electrochromic display element.

Abstract: In a vacuum gate valve, a seal member for sealing a gate opening part is bonded to an outer edge part of a planar seal plate that is disposed in such a manner that the planar seal plate is opposed to a valve seat surface of the gate opening part and comes into contact with the valve seat surface. The seal member includes a vacuum seal part that is located on a side farther from the gate opening part and maintains the sealability of the gate opening part when the gate opening part is closed, and also includes a radical seal part that is located on a side closer to the gate opening part and that prevents the seal member from being affected by a treatment gas in the gate opening part when the gate opening part is closed. The vacuum seal part is made of a rubber elastic body, and the radical seal part is configured by providing a radical resistant body that is provided with an excellent radical resistance on the rubber elastic body.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic display element, including a display substrate, an opposed substrate that is opposed to the display substrate, an opposed electrode being formed at a display-substrate-opposed side of the opposed substrate, a first display electrode and a first electrochromic layer being laminated at an opposed-substrate-opposed side of the display substrate, a single porous film being formed between the display substrate and the opposed substrate, a second display electrode and a second electrochromic layer being laminated at a display-substrate-opposed side of the porous film, a third display electrode and a third electrochromic layer being laminated at an opposed-substrate-opposed side of the porous film, and an electrolyte being present between the display substrate and the opposed substrate.

Abstract: An electro-chromic display element, and a display apparatus and a driving method using the same are provided. The electro-chromic display element includes at least a display substrate 1b; a display electrode 1 provided on the display substrate 1b; an electro-chromic layer 3 provided on the display electrode 1; an opposing substrate 2b; multiple opposing electrodes 2 which are provided on the opposing substrate 2b and which are arranged to oppose the display electrode 1; and an electrolytic layer 4 provided such that it is placed between the display electrode 1 and the multiple opposing electrodes 2. The electro-chromic display element further includes an erasing electrode 5, which is a third electrode which is placed between the display electrode 1 and the multiple opposing electrodes 2 and which is arranged such that the electro-chromic layer 3 is placed between the third electrode and the display electrode 1.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device includes an electrochromic display element including a display electrode, an electrochromic layer provided on the display electrode, an opposing electrode facing the display electrode, and an electrolyte layer sandwiched between the display electrode and the opposing electrode. The electrochromic display device further includes a switching element, and a electric storage element. The display electrode is connected with the opposing electrode by a power source or the electric storage element via the switching element, and when performing driving, part of electric charges, which are stored in the electrochromic display element, are applied for charging the electric storage element, or electric charges in the electric storage element that has been charged are used for driving the electrochromic display element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing an electrochromic display device, including a step of applying and attaching a fine particle with a predetermined particle diameter to a display substrate, a step of film-forming a transparent electrically conductive film after the fine particle is applied thereto, a step of removing the fine particle to remove a transparent electrically conductive film attached to a surface of the fine particle and to form a display electrode having a fine through-hole at a position at which the fine particle has been attached thereto, and a step of forming an electrochromic layer on the display electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochromic display device including a display substrate, a display electrode provided on the display substrate, a first electrochromic layer provided on the display electrode, an intermediate display electrode provided above the first electrochromic layer separately from the first electrochromic layer, a second electrochromic layer provided on and contacting the intermediate display electrode, an opposed substrate, an opposed electrode provided on the opposed substrate, and an electrolyte solution provided between a surface of the display substrate on which the display electrode is formed and a surface of the opposed substrate on which the opposed electrode is formed, wherein the intermediate display electrode contains a rod-shaped, whisker-shaped, or long-fiber-shaped electrically conductive fine particle, and at least a portion of a space in the electrically conductive fine particle is filled with a material forming the second electrochromic layer.

Abstract: A sealing material in a closed circular shape for a dovetail groove formed on the surface of one member and to be abutted to the surface of the other member to seal a space between the both members, the sealing material for a dovetail groove in a cross-sectional shape includes: a bottom portion that comes into contact with the bottom face of the dovetail groove and that has corner portions formed slightly narrower than the narrowest width of the opening portion of the dovetail groove; a side protruding portion that is formed continuously from the bottom portion; an overhanging shoulder portion that is formed continuously from the side protruding portion; and a sealing protrusion that is formed continuously from the overhanging shoulder portion and that is protruded upward from the opening portion of the dovetail groove to seal a space between the both members in the case in which the sealing protrusion is abutted to the surface of the other member.

Abstract: A gate valve for vacuum capable of preventing a seal member from being cracked or particles from being produced due to a stress concentration even if the seal member is repeatedly compressed in the state that the adhesive agent is separated from the open side of a seal member mounting groove and capable of suppressing particles from being produced due to the rub of the seal top part with the seal surface.

Abstract: To provide a thin-film solar battery including a substrate, a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode, the first electrode, the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode being placed over the substrate, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer has a laminated layer structure which includes at least a p-type layer and an n-type layer, and wherein the n-type layer is formed of a compound containing elements of Group 13, Group 16 and at least one of Groups 2, 7 and 12, the Group 13 includes at least indium, and the Group 16 includes at least sulfur.

Abstract: A fluorescent substance capable of remarkably increasing the luminous intensity of a I-III-VI2 chalcopyrite type compound having a large band gap among chalcopyrite type compounds with manganese as luminescence centers, and being favorably used for a lighting device using a light emitting diode, a light emitting element of a display device or the like, a light emitting device such as fluorescent lamps such as a cold cathode fluorescent lamp and a hot cathode fluorescent lamp, as a fluorescent substance generating fluorescence by ultraviolet excitation, is provided. The fluorescent substance is expressed by composition formula (1) Cu(Al1-xGax)(S1-ySey)2:Mn,Si??(1) (wherein x represents a number satisfying 0?x?0.4, and y represents a number satisfying 0?y?0.4), including manganese as a luminescence center atom.

Abstract: In a vacuum gate valve, a seal member for sealing a gate opening part is bonded to an outer edge part of a planar seal plate that is disposed in such a manner that the planar seal plate is opposed to a valve seat surface of the gate opening part and comes into contact with the valve seat surface. The seal member includes a vacuum seal part that is located on a side farther from the gate opening part and maintains the sealability of the gate opening part when the gate opening part is closed, and also includes a radical seal part that is located on a side closer to the gate opening part and that prevents the seal member from being affected by a treatment gas in the gate opening part when the gate opening part is closed. The vacuum seal part is made of a rubber elastic body, and the radical seal part is configured by providing a radical resistant body that is provided with an excellent radical resistance on the rubber elastic body.

Abstract: Provided is a seal that can ensure a satisfactory sealing property and can be easily separated from a sealing surface even in the case in which the seal is used for a long period of time under the conditions of a high temperature and a high pressure. The seal includes a seal body mounted in a seal groove that is formed in a first member and a second member is made to be in pressure contact with the first member to form a sealing part. The sealing part that comes into contact with the second member at the entire surface of the sealing part is formed along the entire circumference of the outer peripheral surface of the seal. A step portion is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the seal in such a manner that an area of a contact surface is smaller for the sealing part as the contact area is closer to the bottom side of the seal groove.

Abstract: A gate valve for vacuum capable of preventing a seal member from being cracked or particles from being produced due to a stress concentration even if the seal member is repeatedly compressed in the state that the adhesive agent is separated from the open side of a seal member mounting groove and capable of suppressing particles from being produced due to the rub of the seal top part with the seal surface.

Abstract: A fluorescent substance capable of remarkably increasing the luminous intensity of a I-III-VI2 chalcopyrite type compound having a large band gap among chalcopyrite type compounds with manganese as luminescence centers, and being favorably used for a lighting device using a light emitting diode, a light emitting element of a display device or the like, a light emitting device such as fluorescent lamps such as a cold cathode fluorescent lamp and a hot cathode fluorescent lamp, as a fluorescent substance generating fluorescence by ultraviolet excitation, is provided. The fluorescent substance is expressed by composition formula (1) Cu(Al1-xGax)(S1-ySey)2:Mn,Si??(1) (wherein x represents a number satisfying 0?x?0.4, and y represents a number satisfying 0?y?0.4), including manganese as a luminescence center atom.