Abstract: An optical device including a hologram recording medium that can reproduce an image of a reference member and an irradiation unit that emits a coherent light beam to the optical device. The irradiation unit includes a light source for emitting a coherent light beam and a scanning device capable of adjusting a reflection angle of the coherent light beam emitted from the light source and that makes a reflected coherent light beam scan the hologram recording medium. The light source has light sources for emitting coherent light beams having different wavelength ranges. The hologram recording medium has a plurality of recording areas to be scanned with a plurality of coherent light beams reflected by the scanning device, respectively. Each of the plurality of recording areas has an interference fringe that diffracts a coherent light beam of the corresponding wavelength range.

Abstract: A laser beam (L50) generated by a laser light source (50) is reflected by a light beam scanning device (60) and irradiated onto a hologram recording medium (45). On the hologram recording medium (45), an image (35) of a scatter plate is recorded as a hologram by using reference light that converges on a scanning origin (B). The light beam scanning device (60) bends the laser beam (L50) at the scanning origin (B) and irradiates the laser beam onto the hologram recording medium (45). At this time, scanning is carried out by changing a bending mode of the laser beam with time so that an irradiation position of the bent laser beam (L60) on the hologram recording medium (45) changes with time. Regardless of an irradiation position of the beam, diffracted light (L45) from the hologram recording medium (45) produces a reproduction image (35) of the scatter plate on the spatial light modulator (200).

Abstract: Provided is a member for electrophotography that can achieve both an improvement in toner-conveying force under high temperature and high humidity, and excellent charge-providing performance for a toner, at high levels. The member for electrophotography includes a substrate, an electro-conductive elastic layer on the substrate, and a plurality of electrically insulating domains formed in a partial region on the electro-conductive elastic layer. The electro-conductive elastic layer has a Martens hardness of 0.10 N/mm2 or more and 3.00 N/mm2 or less. In the surface of the member for electrophotography, the exposure ratio of the electro-conductive elastic layer per the area of a square 300 ?m on a side is 50% to 90%, and the average of the areas of the portions of the respective plurality of electrically insulating domains to be brought into contact with the electro-conductive elastic layer is 300 ?m2 or more and 10,000 ?m2 or less.

Abstract: Provided are a projection device and a projection-type video display device capable of displaying a plurality of videos, allowing speckles to be inconspicuous, and miniaturizing an optical system. A projection device includes an optical element including light diffusion elements capable of diffusing light, an irradiation device configured to irradiate the optical element with illumination light beams, each illumination light beam scanning the corresponding light diffusion element, spatial light modulators, each spatial light modulator being illuminated with illumination light beam which is incident from the irradiation device to each light diffusion element to be diffused, and projection optical systems, each projection optical system projecting modulation image obtained on each spatial light modulator on corresponding screen. The illumination light beam, which is incident to each position of each light diffusion element to be diffused, overlappedly illuminates on corresponding spatial light modulator.

Abstract: An optical device including a hologram recording medium that can reproduce an image of a reference member and an irradiation unit that emits a coherent light beam to the optical device. The irradiation unit includes a light source for emitting a coherent light beam and a scanning device capable of adjusting a reflection angle of the coherent light beam emitted from the light source and that makes a reflected coherent light beam scan the hologram recording medium. The light source has light sources for emitting coherent light beams having different wavelength ranges. The hologram recording medium has a plurality of recording areas to be scanned with a plurality of coherent light beams reflected by the scanning device, respectively. Each of the plurality of recording areas has an interference fringe that diffracts a coherent light beam of the corresponding wavelength range.

Abstract: An illumination device includes an optical element including a hologram recording medium capable of diffusing a coherent light beam, the hologram recording medium comprising a plurality of regions, each region diffusing a coherent light beam to an illuminated region corresponding to that region, and an irradiation device configured to irradiate the optical element with the coherent light beam so as to allow the coherent light beam to scan the hologram recording medium. The coherent light beam incident to a position existing in each region of the hologram recording medium is diffused to an entire region of the illuminated region corresponding to the region in order to illuminate the entire region of the illuminated region.

Abstract: A laser beam (L50) generated by a laser light source (50) is reflected by a light beam scanning device (60) and irradiated onto a hologram recording medium. (45). On the hologram, recording medium (45), an image (35) of a scatter plate is recorded as a hologram by using reference light that converges on a scanning origin (B). The light beam scanning device (60) bends the laser beam (L50) at the scanning origin (B) and irradiates the laser beam onto the hologram recording medium (45). At this time, scanning is carried out by changing a bending mode of the laser beam with time so that an irradiation position of the bent laser beam (L60) on the hologram recording medium (45) changes with time. Regardless of an irradiation position of the beam, diffracted light (L45) from the hologram recording medium (45) produces a reproduction image (35) of the scatter plate.

Abstract: A projection device includes an optical element including a hologram recording medium where information is multiplexedly recorded in each position so as to allow a coherent light beam to be diffused to a plurality of regions, an irradiation device configured to irradiate the optical element with the coherent light beam so as to allow the coherent light beam to scan the hologram recording medium, spatial light modulators configured to be illuminated with the coherent light beam which is incident from the irradiation device to the hologram recording medium to be diffused to the plurality of regions, and projection optical systems, each projection optical system projecting modulation image obtained on each spatial light modulator on corresponding screen. The coherent light beam, which is incident to each position of the hologram recording medium to be diffused, is illuminated on a plurality of the spatial light modulators.

Abstract: Provided are a projection device and a projection-type video display device capable of displaying a plurality of videos, allowing speckles to be inconspicuous, and miniaturizing an optical system. A projection device includes an optical element including light diffusion elements capable of diffusing light, an irradiation device configured to irradiate the optical element with illumination light beams, each illumination light beam scanning the corresponding light diffusion element, spatial light modulators, each spatial light modulator being illuminated with illumination light beam which is incident from the irradiation device to each light diffusion element to be diffused, and projection optical systems, each projection optical system projecting modulation image obtained on each spatial light modulator on corresponding screen. The illumination light beam, which is incident to each position of each light diffusion element to be diffused, overlappedly illuminates on corresponding spatial light modulator.

Abstract: First and second dielectric portions and colored particles have ?polarity, and a regulating portion and an externally added particles have +polarity. In a triboelectric series,(?)<second dielectric portion<first dielectric portion<regulating portion (+) and (?) colored particles<second dielectric portion<first dielectric portion<externally added particles (+). With work functions, the difference between the colored particles and the second dielectric portion<the difference between the second dielectric portion and the externally added particles, the difference between the colored particles and the first dielectric portion<the difference between the first dielectric portion and the externally added particles, and the difference between the colored particles and the regulating portion>the difference between the regulating portion and the externally added particles.

Abstract: Provided are a projection device and a projection-type video display device capable of displaying a plurality of videos, allowing speckles to be inconspicuous, and miniaturizing an optical system. A projection device includes an optical element including light diffusion elements capable of diffusing light, an irradiation device configured to irradiate the optical element with illumination light beams, each illumination light beam scanning the corresponding light diffusion element, spatial light modulators, each spatial light modulator being illuminated with illumination light beam which is incident from the irradiation device to each light diffusion element to be diffused, and projection optical systems, each projection optical system projecting modulation image obtained on each spatial light modulator on corresponding screen. The illumination light beam, which is incident to each position of each light diffusion element to be diffused, overlappedly illuminates on corresponding spatial light modulator.

Abstract: In a developing assembly, the surface of a developer bearing member on which a developer is borne is provided with a first dielectric portion and a second dielectric portion. A regulating portion that regulates the layer thickness of the developer borne on the developer bearing member, the first dielectric portion, and the second dielectric portion each have a charge polarity opposite to the charge polarity of the developer. In a triboelectric series, one of the first dielectric portion and the second dielectric portion is positioned between the developer and the other dielectric portion, and the other dielectric portion is positioned between the one of the dielectric portions and the regulating portion.

Abstract: A laser beam (L50) is reflected by a light beam scanning device (60) and irradiated onto a hologram recording medium (45). On the hologram recording medium (45), an image (35) of a linear scatter body is recorded as a hologram by using reference light that converges on a scanning origin (B). The light beam scanning device (60) bends the laser beam (L50) at the scanning origin (B) and irradiates the laser beam onto the hologram recording medium (45). At this time, by changing a bending mode of the laser beam with time, an irradiation position of the bent laser beam (L60) on the hologram recording medium (45) is changed with time. Diffracted light (L45) from the hologram recording medium (45) produces a reproduction image (35) of the linear scatter body on a light receiving surface (R) of the stage 210.

Abstract: An illumination device includes: an optical element which including a hologram recording medium including a first zone and a second zone and can reproduce an image of a scattering plate; an irradiation device which irradiates the optical element with a coherent light beam such that the light beam is allowed to scan the hologram recording medium; and a polarization control unit provided on an optical path of the light beam to an illuminated zone. The light beams incident on respective positions of the hologram recording medium are allowed to reproduce the image superimposed on the illuminated zone. The polarization control unit controls polarization of the light beams such that the light beam incident on the first zone to travel toward the illuminated zone and the light beam incident on the second zone to travel toward the illuminated zone are configured with different polarization components.

Abstract: A projection apparatus has a hologram recording medium configured to be capable of diffusing coherent light beams, an irradiation unit configured to irradiate coherent light beams to the hologram recording medium so that the coherent light beams scan the hologram recording medium, a light modulator that is illuminated by coherent light beams incident on and diffused at respective points of the hologram recording medium from the irradiation unit, a projection optical system configured to project a modulated image generated by the light modulator onto a scattering plane, and an imaging optical system provided between the hologram recording medium and the light modulator, configured to converge the coherent light beams diffused at respective points of the hologram recording medium to illuminate the light modulator.

Abstract: A laser beam is reflected by a light beam scanning device and irradiated onto a hologram recording medium. On the hologram recording medium, an image of a linear scatter body is recorded as a hologram by using reference light that converges on a scanning origin. The light beam scanning device bends the laser beam at the scanning origin and irradiates the laser beam onto the hologram recording medium. At this time, by changing a bending mode of the laser beam with time, an irradiation position of the bent laser beam on the hologram recording medium is changed with time. Diffracted light from the hologram recording medium produces a reproduction image of the linear scatter body on a light receiving surface of the stage. When an object is placed on the light receiving surface, a line pattern is projected by hologram reproduction light, so that the projected image is captured and a three-dimensional shape of the object is measured.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided which includes a development device that has no developer supply member and with which the decrease in density at a back end of a solid image and occurrence of ghosting are suppressed. A development roller having dielectric portions scattered on a surface thereof is provided and components are configured so that the position of the dielectric portions in a triboelectric series is on the same polarity side, relative to a regulating blade, as the normal charge polarity of the toner.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developing agent bearing member and a regulating member. The developing agent bearing member bears on a surface thereof a developing agent including colored particles and additive particles disposed on the surface of the colored particles. The surface of the developing agent bearing member includes first and second dielectric portions. The regulating member regulates the thickness of a layer of developing agent borne by the developing agent bearing member. In triboelectric series, the first dielectric portion is between the regulating member and the additive particles, the additive particles are between the first dielectric portion and the second dielectric portion, and the second dielectric portion is between the additive particles and the colored particles. The difference between the work functions of the colored particles and second dielectric portion is smaller than that between the second dielectric portion and additive particles.

Abstract: Provided is an illumination device which illuminates an illuminated zone with a plurality of coherent light beams having mutually different wavelength ranges, so that it is possible to allow speckles to be inconspicuous. A illumination device is configured to include an optical element including a hologram recording medium and an irradiation device which illuminates the optical element with a plurality of coherent light beams having mutually different wavelength ranges so as to allow a first and second coherent light beams having different wavelength ranges to scan the hologram recording medium of the optical element. The first coherent light beams incident on respective positions of the hologram recording medium are allowed to reproduce an image superimposed on an illuminated zone, and the second coherent light beams incident on the respective positions of the hologram recording medium are allowed to reproduce an image superimposed on the illuminated zone.

Abstract: An electrophotographic member whose performances are hardly changed even after a long-term use is provided. An electrophotographic member having a mandrel, an elastic layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a titanium oxide film having chemical bonds represented by the following formula (1) and formula (2) is provided.