Abstract: Provided are a projection device and a projection-type video display device capable of displaying a plurality of videos, allowing speckles to be inconspicuous, and miniaturizing an optical system. A projection device includes an optical element including light diffusion elements capable of diffusing light, an irradiation device configured to irradiate the optical element with illumination light beams, each illumination light beam scanning the corresponding light diffusion element, spatial light modulators, each spatial light modulator being illuminated with illumination light beam which is incident from the irradiation device to each light diffusion element to be diffused, and projection optical systems, each projection optical system projecting modulation image obtained on each spatial light modulator on corresponding screen. The illumination light beam, which is incident to each position of each light diffusion element to be diffused, overlappedly illuminates on corresponding spatial light modulator.

Abstract: In a developing assembly, the surface of a developer bearing member on which a developer is borne is provided with a first dielectric portion and a second dielectric portion. A regulating portion that regulates the layer thickness of the developer borne on the developer bearing member, the first dielectric portion, and the second dielectric portion each have a charge polarity opposite to the charge polarity of the developer. In a triboelectric series, one of the first dielectric portion and the second dielectric portion is positioned between the developer and the other dielectric portion, and the other dielectric portion is positioned between the one of the dielectric portions and the regulating portion.

Abstract: First and second dielectric portions and colored particles have ? polarity, and a regulating portion and an externally added particles have + polarity; concerning triboelectric series, (?)<second dielectric portion<first dielectric portion<regulating portion (+) and (?) colored particles<second dielectric portion<first dielectric portion<externally added particles (+); and concerning work functions, the difference between the colored particles and the second dielectric portion<the difference between the second dielectric portion and the externally added particles, the difference between the colored particles and the first dielectric portion<the difference between the first dielectric portion and the externally added particles, and the difference between the colored particles and the regulating portion>the difference between the regulating portion and the externally added particles.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developing agent bearing member and a regulating member. The developing agent bearing member bears on a surface thereof a developing agent including colored particles and additive particles disposed on the surface of the colored particles. The surface of the developing agent bearing member includes first and second dielectric portions. The regulating member regulates the thickness of a layer of developing agent borne by the developing agent bearing member. In triboelectric series, the first dielectric portion is between the regulating member and the additive particles, the additive particles are between the first dielectric portion and the second dielectric portion, and the second dielectric portion is between the additive particles and the colored particles. The difference between the work functions of the colored particles and second dielectric portion is smaller than that between the second dielectric portion and additive particles.

Abstract: Provided are a projection device and a projection-type video display device capable of displaying a plurality of videos, allowing speckles to be inconspicuous, and miniaturizing an optical system. A projection device includes an optical element including light diffusion elements capable of diffusing light, an irradiation device configured to irradiate the optical element with illumination light beams, each illumination light beam scanning the corresponding light diffusion element, spatial light modulators, each spatial light modulator being illuminated with illumination light beam which is incident from the irradiation device to each light diffusion element to be diffused, and projection optical systems, each projection optical system projecting modulation image obtained on each spatial light modulator on corresponding screen. The illumination light beam, which is incident to each position of each light diffusion element to be diffused, overlappedly illuminates on corresponding spatial light modulator.

Abstract: A projection apparatus has a hologram recording medium configured to be capable of diffusing coherent light beams, an irradiation unit configured to irradiate coherent light beams to the hologram recording medium so that the coherent light beams scan the hologram recording medium, a light modulator that is illuminated by coherent light beams incident on and diffused at respective points of the hologram recording medium from the irradiation unit, a projection optical system configured to project a modulated image generated by the light modulator onto a scattering plane, and an imaging optical system provided between the hologram recording medium and the light modulator, configured to converge the coherent light beams diffused at respective points of the hologram recording medium to illuminate the light modulator.

Abstract: A high quality electrophotographic member that is excellent in deformation recovery property under high-temperature and high-humidity and that also satisfies filming resistance under low-temperature and low-humidity is provided. The electrophotographic member includes a substrate, an elastic layer, and a surface layer containing a urethane resin, wherein the urethane resin has a partial structure having at least one structure selected from the group consisting of structures of structural formulae (1) to (7) between adjacent two urethane linkages, and the urethane resin further has a partial structure derived from a reaction of a compound represented by a structural formula (8) with a polyisocyanate.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member, which hardly changes in performance even when being left to stand for a long time period. The electrophotographic member comprises a support, an elastic layer formed on the support, and a surface layer covering a surface of the elastic layer and containing a urethane resin, and in which the urethane resin comprises a reaction product of: a hydroxyl group-terminated prepolymer obtained by reacting a polyester polyol with a polyisocyanate; and an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer obtained by reacting a polyester polyol with a polyisocyanate.

Abstract: A laser beam (L50) generated by a laser light source (50) is reflected by a light beam scanning device (60) and irradiated onto a hologram recording medium (45). On the hologram recording medium (45), an image (35) of a scatter plate is recorded as a hologram by using reference light that converges on a scanning origin (B). The light beam scanning device (60) bends the laser beam (L50) at the scanning origin (B) and irradiates the laser beam onto the hologram recording medium (45). At this time, scanning is carried out by changing a bending mode of the laser beam with time so that an irradiation position of the bent laser beam (L60) on the hologram recording medium (45) changes with time. Regardless of an irradiation position of the beam, diffracted light (L45) from the hologram recording medium (45) produces a reproduction image (35) of the scatter plate on the spatial light modulator (200).

Abstract: A laser beam generated by a laser light source is reflected by a light beam scanning device and irradiated onto a hologram recording medium. On the hologram recording medium, an image of a scatter plate is recorded as a hologram by using reference light that converges on a scanning origin. The light beam scanning device bends the laser beam at the scanning origin and irradiates the laser beam onto the hologram recording medium. At this time, scanning is carried out by changing a bending mode of the laser beam with time so that an irradiation position of the bent laser beam on the hologram recording medium changes with time. Regardless of an irradiation position of the beam, diffracted light from the hologram recording medium produces a reproduction image of the scatter plate on the spatial light modulator. The modulated image of the spatial light modulator is projected onto a screen.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member, which hardly changes in performance even when being left to stand for a long time period. The electrophotographic member comprises a support, an elastic layer formed on the support, and a surface layer covering a surface of the elastic layer and containing a urethane resin, and in which the urethane resin comprises a reaction product of: a hydroxyl group-terminated prepolymer obtained by reacting a polyester polyol with a polyisocyanate; and an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer obtained by reacting a polyester polyol with a polyisocyanate.

Abstract: A high quality electrophotographic member that is excellent in deformation recovery property under high-temperature and high-humidity and that also satisfies filming resistance under low-temperature and low-humidity is provided. The electrophotographic member includes a substrate, an elastic layer, and a surface layer containing a urethane resin, wherein the urethane resin has a partial structure having at least one structure selected from the group consisting of structures of structural formulae (1) to (7) between adjacent two urethane linkages, and the urethane resin further has a partial structure derived from a reaction of a compound represented by a structural formula (8) with a polyisocyanate.

Abstract: Provided is a developing roller in which: even when the roller is stored under a high-temperature, high-humidity environment over a long period of time, bleeding is suppressed; and the fusion of toner to its surface upon repeated output of images under low temperature and low humidity is suppressed. The developing roller includes: a mandrel; an elastic layer on an outer periphery of the mandrel; and a surface layer on an outer periphery of the elastic layer, in which: the surface layer contains carbon black and a polyester-polyurethane resin containing a specific structure; and the surface layer has a storage modulus E? as measured at a temperature of 0° C. and a frequency of 10 Hz of 5 MPa or more and 20 MPa or less.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus has an optical device configured to be capable of diffusing coherent light beams from respective points to the entire region of at least a specific zone, an irradiation unit configured to irradiate the coherent light beams to the optical device so that the coherent light beams scan a surface of the optical device, and a spatial light modulator that is provided at a location overlapped with the specific zone and illuminated by the illumination device. The irradiation unit makes the coherent light beams scan the surface of the optical device by changing propagation directions of the coherent light beams, and coherent light beams modulated by the spatial light modulator are guided to a surface of a photosensitive medium.

Abstract: An optical device 50 including a hologram recording medium 55 that can reproduce an image of a reference member and an irradiation unit that emits a coherent light beam to the optical device 50. The irradiation unit 60 includes a light source for emitting a coherent light beam and a scanning device 65 capable of adjusting a reflection angle of the coherent light beam emitted from the light source and that makes a reflected coherent light beam scan the hologram recording medium. The light source has light sources for emitting coherent light beams having different wavelength ranges. The hologram recording medium 55 has a plurality of recording areas to be scanned with a plurality of coherent light beams reflected by the scanning device 65, respectively. Each of the plurality of recording areas has an interference fringe that diffracts a coherent light beam of the corresponding wavelength range.

Abstract: A projection device includes an optical element including a hologram recording medium where information is multiplexedly recorded in each position so as to allow a coherent light beam to be diffused to a plurality of regions, an irradiation device configured to irradiate the optical element with the coherent light beam so as to allow the coherent light beam to scan the hologram recording medium, spatial light modulators configured to be illuminated with the coherent light beam which is incident from the irradiation device to the hologram recording medium to be diffused to the plurality of regions, and projection optical systems, each projection optical system projecting modulation image obtained on each spatial light modulator on corresponding screen. The coherent light beam, which is incident to each position of the hologram recording medium to be diffused, is illuminated on a plurality of the spatial light modulators.

Abstract: Provided are a projection device and a projection-type video display device capable of displaying a plurality of videos, allowing speckles to be inconspicuous, and miniaturizing an optical system. A projection device includes an optical element including light diffusion elements capable of diffusing light, an irradiation device configured to irradiate the optical element with illumination light beams, each illumination light beam scanning the corresponding light diffusion element, spatial light modulators, each spatial light modulator being illuminated with illumination light beam which is incident from the irradiation device to each light diffusion element to be diffused, and projection optical systems, each projection optical system projecting modulation image obtained on each spatial light modulator on corresponding screen. The illumination light beam, which is incident to each position of each light diffusion element to be diffused, overlappedly illuminates on corresponding spatial light modulator.

Abstract: Provided is an illumination device which illuminates an illuminated zone with a plurality of coherent light beams having mutually different wavelength ranges, so that it is possible to allow speckles to be inconspicuous. A illumination device is configured to include an optical element including a hologram recording medium and an irradiation device which illuminates the optical element with a plurality of coherent light beams having mutually different wavelength ranges so as to allow a first and second coherent light beams having different wavelength ranges to scan the hologram recording medium of the optical element. The first coherent light beams incident on respective positions of the hologram recording medium are allowed to reproduce an image superimposed on an illuminated zone, and the second coherent light beams incident on the respective positions of the hologram recording medium are allowed to reproduce an image superimposed on the illuminated zone.

Abstract: An illumination device has an optical device and an irradiation unit. The irradiation unit has a light source emitting a coherent light beam, and a scanning device capable of adjusting a reflection angle of the coherent light beam emitted from the light source. The light source has light sources emitting a plurality of coherent light beams having an identical wavelength range, the hologram recording medium has a recording area to be scanned with each of a plurality of coherent light beams reflected by the scanning device, and the recording area has an interference fringe that diffracts an incident coherent light beam. The optical device uses the plurality of coherent light beams diffracted by the interference fringe of the recording area so that each of the coherent light beams diffracted by the hologram recording medium is superimposed on at least one portion to reproduce the image of the reference member.

Abstract: An illumination device includes: an optical element which including a hologram recording medium including a first zone and a second zone and can reproduce an image of a scattering plate; an irradiation device which irradiates the optical element with a coherent light beam such that the light beam is allowed to scan the hologram recording medium; and a polarization control unit provided on an optical path of the light beam to an illuminated zone. The light beams incident on respective positions of the hologram recording medium are allowed to reproduce the image superimposed on the illuminated zone. The polarization control unit controls polarization of the light beams such that the light beam incident on the first zone to travel toward the illuminated zone and the light beam incident on the second zone to travel toward the illuminated zone are configured with different polarization components.