Abstract: To effectively suppress strong knock that occurs in the operating region of high load and high rotation in a specific engine having a pre-chamber in a combustion chamber, the engine includes a piston that defines a combustion chamber together with a cylinder block and a cylinder head. The combustion chamber includes a sub-chamber and a main chamber separated from the sub-chamber by a pre-chamber. The specific ratio obtained by dividing a volume of the sub-chamber by a stroke volume of a cylinder is greater than or equal to 0.00005 and less than or equal to 0.00045.

Abstract: A compound having anticancer activity, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is provided. Used is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: (wherein, L1 and L2 are the same or different and each represents a group represented by one formula selected from the group consisting of formulas (A) to (F), and S represents a group represented by one formula selected from the group consisting of formulas (S1) to (S18)).

Abstract: A vehicle includes: an instrument panel that displays an alarm to a driver; and an ECU that controls the instrument panel based on a setting as to whether the driver is to perform maintenance of the vehicle or not. In a first setting in which the driver is to perform maintenance, the ECU controls the instrument panel to display an alarm when a failure occurs in an on-vehicle device. In a second setting in which the driver is not to perform maintenance, the ECU controls the instrument panel not to display an alarm about a failure less influencing traveling.

Abstract: An engine system is provided, which includes a cylinder block, a cylinder head, a piston, a main combustion chamber, a subchamber, an injector that injects fuel into the main combustion chamber, a main spark plug that ignites a mixture gas inside the main combustion chamber, a subspark plug that ignites the mixture gas inside the subchamber, and a controller electrically connected to the injector, the main spark plug and the subspark plug. When an engine load is above a given reference load, the controller controls, in a low-speed range below a given reference engine speed, the ignition devices so that the subignition is performed after the main ignition, and the controller controls, in a high-speed range exceeding the reference engine speed, the ignition devices so that only the subignition is performed, or so that the main ignition is performed at the same timing as or after the subignition.

Abstract: A piston structure of an engine includes a piston having a crown part including a crown surface defining a combustion chamber, and an opposite back surface, an oil jet, a center-side first cavity and an outer-circumference-side second cavity formed inside the crown part and partitioned from each other, each cavity including a ceiling surface on the combustion chamber side and an opposite bottom surface, a communicating hole that is formed in a partitioning wall between the cavities, an introduction hole that is formed in the bottom surface of the first cavity and introduces into the first cavity oil injected toward the back surface from the oil jet, and a discharge hole that is formed in the bottom surface of at least one cavity and discharges the oil. The ceiling surface of the second cavity is located on the combustion chamber side of the ceiling surface of the first cavity.

Abstract: A piston structure of an engine is provided, which includes a piston having a crown part including a crown surface defining a combustion chamber and an opposite back surface, an oil jet that injects oil toward the back surface, a center side first cavity and an outer-circumference side second cavity that are formed inside the crown part and partitioned from each other. Each cavity includes a ceiling surface on the combustion chamber side and an opposite bottom surface. The structure also includes a communicating hole that is formed in a partitioning wall between the cavities and communicates the first cavity with the second cavity, an introduction hole that is formed in the bottom surface of the first cavity and into which oil injected toward the back surface is introduced, and a discharge hole that is formed in the bottom surface of the second cavity and discharges the oil.

Abstract: A compound having anticancer activity, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is provided. Used is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: (wherein, L1 and L2 are the same or different and each represents a group represented by one formula selected from the group consisting of formulas (A) to (F), and S represents a group represented by one formula selected from the group consisting of formulas (S1) to (S18)).

Abstract: An engine system is provided, which includes a cylinder block, a cylinder head, a piston, a main combustion chamber, a subchamber, an injector that injects fuel into the main combustion chamber, a main spark plug that ignites a mixture gas inside the main combustion chamber, a subspark plug that ignites the mixture gas inside the subchamber, and a controller electrically connected to the injector and the main spark plug and the subspark plug. In a low-load range where an engine load is below a given reference load, the controller controls the main spark plug and the subspark plug so that the subignition is performed after performing the main ignition, and the controller retards the timing of the subignition in a high-speed range where an engine speed is above a given reference engine speed, compared with a low-speed range below the reference engine speed.

Abstract: An engine system is provided, which includes a cylinder block, a cylinder head, a piston, a main combustion chamber, a subchamber, an injector that injects fuel into the main combustion chamber, a main spark plug that ignites a mixture gas inside the main combustion chamber, a subspark plug that ignites the mixture gas inside the subchamber, and a controller electrically connected to the injector, the main spark plug and the subspark plug. When an engine speed is above a given reference engine speed, the controller controls, in a low-load range below a given reference load, the ignition devices so that the subignition is performed after the main ignition, and the controller controls, in a high-load range exceeding the reference load, the ignition devices so that only the subignition is performed, or so that the main ignition is performed at the same timing as or after the subignition.

Abstract: An engine system is provided, which includes a cylinder block, a cylinder head, a piston, a main combustion chamber, a subchamber, an injector that injects fuel into the main combustion chamber, a main spark plug that ignites a mixture gas inside the main combustion chamber, a subspark plug that ignites the mixture gas inside the subchamber, and a controller electrically connected to the injector, the main spark plug and the subspark plug. When an engine load is above a given reference load, the controller controls, in a low-speed range below a given reference engine speed, the ignition devices so that the subignition is performed after the main ignition, and the controller controls, in a high-speed range exceeding the reference engine speed, the ignition devices so that only the subignition is performed, or so that the main ignition is performed at the same timing as or after the subignition.

Abstract: An engine system is provided, which includes a main combustion chamber, a subchamber, an injector that injects fuel into the main combustion chamber, a main spark plug that ignites a mixture gas inside the main combustion chamber, a subspark plug that ignites the mixture gas inside the subchamber, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) device and a control device. In a specific range where EGR is performed, the ignition devices are controlled so that a subignition timing is retarded from a main ignition timing, and an ignition phase difference that is a retard amount of the subignition timing from the main ignition timing becomes larger under a high EGR condition than a low EGR condition, the EGR conditions being conditions in the specific range where engine speeds are the same and EGR rates are different, and the high EGR condition being larger in the EGR rate than the low EGR condition.

Abstract: An engine system is provided, which includes a cylinder block, a cylinder head, a piston, a main combustion chamber, a subchamber, an injector that injects fuel into the main combustion chamber, a main spark plug that ignites a mixture gas inside the main combustion chamber, a subspark plug that ignites the mixture gas inside the subchamber, and a control device. In a low-speed high-load range, a fuel injection timing is set in compression stroke and the main ignition and the subignition are performed after the fuel injection timing, and the fuel injection timing under a low-speed condition becomes later than that under a high-speed condition, and the ignition devices are controlled so that the subignition timing is retarded from the main ignition timing and an ignition phase difference that is the retard amount of the subignition timing becomes larger under the low-speed condition than under the high-speed condition.

Abstract: An engine system is provided, which includes a main combustion chamber, a subchamber, an injector that injects fuel into the main combustion chamber, a main spark plug that ignites a mixture gas inside the main combustion chamber, and a subspark plug that ignites the mixture gas inside the subchamber, an throttle valve, and a control device. In a first range, compression self-ignition combustion of the mixture gas inside the main combustion chamber is performed. In a second range, flame propagation combustion is performed while setting an air-fuel ratio of the mixture gas lower than that in the first range. Immediately after the transition from the first range to the second range, only the subignition is performed, or the subignition and the main ignition are performed while setting a timing of the main ignition to a timing same as or retarded from the subignition.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention disclose a method for assisting a stalled autonomous vehicle in an incommunicable area. The method includes one or more processors determining a route of an autonomous vehicle. The method further includes identifying an area of the route of the autonomous vehicle that includes a communication outage. The method further includes determining a driving difficulty of one or more segments of the route of the autonomous vehicle within the area. The method further includes determining a location of the autonomous vehicle within a segment of the one or more segments of the route based at least in part on the driving difficulty of the segment.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an internal combustion engine is provided. The engine includes a cylinder forming member, a piston reciprocatably accommodated in a cylinder, an injector which supplies fuel into a combustion chamber, and a heat insulating layer covering at least a part of a combustion-chamber wall surface and having a lower heat conductivity than the combustion-chamber wall surface. The method includes applying a coating material that is a material of the heat insulating layer to the combustion-chamber wall surface, assembling the piston to the cylinder forming member while the coating material is uncured, and heating the coating material to be cured by combusting the fuel injected from the injector and reciprocating the piston. The heating the coating material includes injecting the fuel from the injector at least in an early stage of the heating so that the injected fuel adhering to the surface of the coating material is suppressed.

Abstract: A copper pillar bump for an electrode pad of a semiconductor chip includes a first copper layer, a first metal layer formed directly on the first copper layer, a second copper layer formed directly on the first metal layer, and a second metal layer formed directly on the second copper layer, wherein the first metal layer and the second metal layer are made of a metal having a different etching rate than copper, wherein an outer perimeter ring of the first metal layer protrudes beyond a lateral surface of the first copper layer, and wherein an outer perimeter ring of the second metal layer protrudes beyond a lateral surface of the second copper layer.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor light emitting element includes: n-side and p-side nitride semiconductor layers; and an active layer. The active layer includes a plurality of well layers and a plurality of barrier layers. The plurality of well layers include first well layers, and second well layers positioned closer to the p-side nitride semiconductor layer than the first well layers. At least one of the plurality of barrier layers positioned between the first well layers and at least one of the plurality of barrier layers positioned between the second well layers respectively include a first barrier layer containing an n-type impurity, and a second barrier layer, wherein a concentration of the n-type impurity in the second barrier layer is lower than a concentration of the n-type impurity in the first barrier layer, and wherein the second barrier layer is positioned closer to the p-side nitride semiconductor layer than the first barrier layer.

Abstract: A server includes a storage device that stores history information indicating a history of a state of a vehicle, and a controller that performs a process using the history information. The controller makes a first determination of whether or not a vehicle load exceeds a first load. For the vehicle for which it has been determined that the vehicle load is higher than the first load in the first determination, the controller makes a second determination of whether or not an environmental load is higher than a second load. When it is determined that the environmental load is higher than the second load in the second determination, the controller outputs an area change request requesting a change of the dispatch area of the vehicle to another dispatch area lower in the environmental load than a current dispatch area.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor light emitting element includes: an n-side nitride semiconductor layer; a p-side nitride semiconductor layer; and an active layer disposed between the n-side nitride semiconductor layer and the p-side nitride semiconductor layer and comprising a plurality of stacks, each comprising a well layer and a barrier layer. The well layers include, successively from the n-side nitride semiconductor layer side, a first well layer, a second well layer, and a third well layer that is positioned closest to the p-side nitride semiconductor layer among the well layers. A thickness of the second well layer is greater than a thickness of the first well layer. A thickness of the third well layer is greater than the thickness of the second well layer. Among the barrier layers, the first barrier layer, which is positioned between the third well layer and the p-side nitride semiconductor layer, is doped with a p-type impurity.

Abstract: A navigation request is detected. The navigation request includes a destination for an autonomous vehicle from a starting location. A route is identified from the starting location to destination based on the navigation request. A regulator lookup is performed related to the route based on the navigation request. The regulator lookup is related to an owner of privacy data for one or more regulators. In response to the regulator lookup, a conditional allowance related to the route is received. The conditional allowance indicates that one or more autonomous vehicle sensors of the autonomous vehicle may not capture data related to a first property of a first regulator. the first property is located proximate to the route. The one or more autonomous vehicles sensors of the autonomous vehicle are restricted in response to the conditional allowance.