Abstract: According to one embodiment, a light-emitting element comprises: a first electrically-conductive semiconductor layer, a second electrically-conductive semiconductor layer; and an active layer which is disposed between the first electrically-conductive layer and the second electrically-conductive layer, and in which a well layer and a barrier layer are alternately laminated at least once. The active layer comprises: a first region which is disposed between a neighboring barrier layer and well layer, and linearly reduces the energy band gap; and a second region which is disposed between a neighboring well layer and barrier layer, and linearly increases the energy band gap. In the well layer, at least one first region and second region neighboring the same well layer have mutually different thicknesses.

Abstract: An apparatus for shift perception includes a transmission and a vehicle shift controller configured to perform shifting of the transmission. An electronic shift operator is configured to generate shift stage information by checking a state of a present shift stage or shift planning stage information by a shifting operation of a driver. An electronic braille module is configured to output the shift stage information or the shift planning stage information in braille information.

Abstract: A method of controlling a parking control device of a transmission may include a) inputting data about a state of a vehicle, b) determining, based on the data input at the step a), whether a current situation is a first situation in which an actuator of the parking control device of the transmission is to be promptly controlled, a second situation in which noise is controlled to be minimized, or a third situation which is a situation other than the first and second situations, and c) controlling a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) duty cycle required to control the actuator to different values depending on the first, second, and third situations determined at the step b), thus driving the actuator.

Abstract: A shifting apparatus for a vehicle may include a lever position guide that is provided inside a gear lever box at which a gear lever is located, and has a reference position and multiple gear positions connected to the reference position, an elastic part engaged to the gear lever and the gear lever box and configured to return the gear lever to the reference position when the gear lever deviates from the reference position and thus is located at any one of the multiple gear positions, and a controller that shifts a gear range according to a preset shifting order when the gear lever moves between the reference position and the multiple gear positions, and shifts the gear range to a preset gear range when the gear lever is located at any one of the multiple gear positions for a longer time than a setting time.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light emitting device. The light emitting device includes a nano-structure, a first semiconductor layer on the nano-structure, an active layer on the first semiconductor layer, and a second conductive semiconductor layer on the active layer. The nano-structure includes a graphene layer disposed under the first semiconductor layer to make contact with the first semiconductor layer; and a plurality of nano-textures extending from a top surface of the graphene layer to the first semiconductor layer and contacted with the first semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are device and method for driving a shift lever. The device may include a control unit that sets a travel distance of the shift lever when the shift lever is manipulated to a predetermined shift stage to be different than a reference travel distance of the shift lever, which is a travel distance of the shift lever when the shift lever is manipulated to shift stages other than the predetermined shift stage. The device may further include a driving unit which restricts a travel of the shift lever or moves the shift lever depending on a setting of the control unit.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a nano-structure, a first semiconductor layer on the nano-structure, an active layer on the first semiconductor layer, and a second conductive semiconductor layer on the active layer. The nano-structure includes a graphene layer provided under the first semiconductor layer to make contact with the first semiconductor layer; and a plurality of nano-textures extending from a top surface of the graphene layer to the first semiconductor layer and in contact with the first semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a first semiconductor layer having a first conductive dopant, an active layer on the first semiconductor layer, an electron blocking layer on the active layer, a carrier injection layer between the active layer and the electron blocking layer, and a second semiconductor layer having a second conductive dopant on the electron blocking layer. The carrier injection layer includes the first conductive dopant and the second conductive dopant, and the first conductive dopant of the carrier injection layer has a concentration lower than a concentration of the second conductive dopant.

Abstract: A method of controlling a parking control device of a transmission may include a) inputting data about a state of a vehicle, b) determining, based on the data input at a step of the a), whether a current situation is a first situation in which an actuator of the parking control device of the transmission is to be promptly controlled, a second situation in which noise is controlled to be minimized, or a third situation which is a normal situation, and c) controlling a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) duty cycle required to control the actuator to different values depending on the first, second, and situations determined at a step of the b), thus driving the actuator.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a light-emitting element comprises: a first electrically-conductive semiconductor layer, a second electrically-conductive semiconductor layer; and an active layer which is disposed between the first electrically-conductive layer and the second electrically-conductive layer, and in which a well layer and a barrier layer are alternately laminated at least once. The active layer comprises: a first region which is disposed between a neighbouring barrier layer and well layer, and linearly reduces the energy band gap; and a second region which is disposed between a neighbouring well layer and barrier layer, and linearly increases the energy band gap. In the well layer, at least one first region and second region neighbouring the same well layer have mutually different thicknesses.

Abstract: A shifting apparatus for a vehicle may include a lever position guide that is provided inside a gear lever box at which a gear lever is located, and has a reference position and multiple gear positions connected to the reference position, an elastic part engaged to the gear lever and the gear lever box and configured to return the gear lever to the reference position when the gear lever deviates from the reference position and thus is located at any one of the multiple gear positions, and a controller that shifts a gear range according to a preset shifting order when the gear lever moves between the reference position and the multiple gear positions, and shifts the gear range to a preset gear range when the gear lever is located at any one of the multiple gear positions for a longer time than a setting time.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a nano-structure, a first semiconductor layer on the nano-structure, an active layer on the first semiconductor layer, and a second conductive semiconductor layer on the active layer. The nano-structure includes a graphene layer provided under the first semiconductor layer to make contact with the first semiconductor layer; and a plurality of nano-textures extending from a top surface of the graphene layer to the first semiconductor layer and in contact with the first semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a first semiconductor layer having a first conductive dopant, an active layer on the first semiconductor layer, an electron blocking layer on the active layer, a carrier injection layer between the active layer and the electron blocking layer, and a second semiconductor layer having a second conductive dopant on the electron blocking layer. The carrier injection layer includes the first conductive dopant and the second conductive dopant, and the first conductive dopant of the carrier injection layer has a concentration lower than a concentration of the second conductive dopant.

Abstract: An electrical discharge machining (EDM) system and a method for electrical discharge machining using the above-mentioned machining system, the EDM system includes a bed, and an EDM module disposed on the bed. The EDM module includes an electrode, a providing part, an electrode guide and a retrieving part. The electrode machines a die. The providing part provides the electrode to be used for machining the die. The electrode guide is disposed adjacent to the die and guides a transfer of the electrode. The retrieving part retrieves the electrode used for machining the die.

Abstract: A counter electrode for a photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic cell including the same include a transparent substrate and a catalyst layer formed on the transparent substrate using a supported catalyst The counter electrode of the present invention has an economical preparation cost and process, and also has an enlarged contact area with an electrolyte layer of the cell, leading to improved catalytic activity. Thus, in the case where the counter electrode is applied to the photovoltaic cell, excellent photoconversion efficiency is exhibited. In an exemplary embodiment, the photovoltaic cell is a dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell including such a counter electrode.

Abstract: A counter electrode for a photovoltaic cell and a photovoltaic cell including the same include a transparent substrate and a catalyst layer formed on the transparent substrate using a supported catalyst The counter electrode of the present invention has an economical preparation cost and process, and also has an enlarged contact area with an electrolyte layer of the cell, leading to improved catalytic activity. Thus, in the case where the counter electrode is applied to the photovoltaic cell, excellent photoconversion efficiency is exhibited. In an exemplary embodiment, the photovoltaic cell is a dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell including such a counter electrode.

Abstract: A synchronization apparatus and method in a mobile communication system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and a method for offering a broadcast service in a wireless communication system. A mobile telecommunication system for providing broadcast-multicast services includes a serving access network system for transmitting broadcast traffic and an overhead message including information relating to broadcast for at least a neighboring access network system; a neighboring access network system for receiving a transmission request for the broadcast traffic from the serving access network system and transmitting the broadcast traffic; and an access terminal for receiving the broadcast traffic from the serving access network system and the neighboring access network system.