Abstract: The invention provides a pattern forming method in which a minute resist pattern can be formed with uniform dimension accuracy in the plane of a substrate, while manufacturing costs and processing time are not increased. In a pattern forming method in which after a first resist pattern containing a photo-acid generating agent is formed on a substrate by a lithography method, a resist film containing a cross-linking agent, which reacts with acid, is coated on the substrate in a state where it covers the first resist pattern, a crosslinking reaction is made to occur at an interface between the first resist pattern and the resist film to grow a cross-linked layer, and a second resist pattern made of the cross-linked layer and the first resist pattern is formed, a step of irradiating the first resist pattern with light is carried out before the resist film is coated on the substrate.

Abstract: The digital broadcasting station describes the first unique information as identification information in addition to the event identification prescribed by ARIB standard as opposed to LIT describing the detailed information of local event. The first unique information is for example a date of amended Julian calendar. Therefore, the digital broadcasting receiver can identify the digital broadcasting program uniquely for a long term based on the event identification and the first unique information. Besides, the digital broadcasting station and the digital broadcasting receiver with the use of program extended information such as LIT are not yet put to practical use and so the existing digital broadcasting receiver had to be changed neither.

Abstract: A bearing mechanism of the present invention has a first bearing and a second bearing disposed at different positions in an axial direction. Each bearing has an inner race, an outer race, and balls. A shaft holds the inner races of both bearings in an axially separated manner, while a supporting member holds the outer races of both bearings in an axially separated manner. The balls of the bearings have a different coefficient of linear expansion than that of the inner and outer races. The inner and outer races of each of the bearings are fixed in an axially shifted manner, whereby pre-loaded pressures are applied between both the inner race and the balls, and between both the outer race and the balls. As the temperature changes, the supporting member has a compensation member that can change a distance between the outer races in a changing ratio different from a changing ratio of the distance between the inner races.

Abstract: A fuel vapor control apparatus determines whether the concentration of fuel vapor in a space above the surface of liquid fuel in the fuel tank is less than a predetermined concentration. When the concentration of fuel vapor is less than the predetermined concentration, the concentration of fuel vapor in the fuel tank is increased and, when the concentration of fuel vapor exceeds the predetermined concentration, the increase of the concentration of fuel vapor is stopped. Therefore, an amount of fuel flowing out of the fuel tank can be reduced while using a reduced amount of energy.

Abstract: An FPC cable which is excellent in noise resisting property, manufacturing cost, mounting operability to a carriage, and maintenance. The FPC cable includes a spacer and a reinforcing plate. In the patterned surface of the FPC, a head pad to which a head wire is bonded is formed on a pad forming portion and a preamplifier chip is mounted on a device mounting portion. Wiring patterns are linearly connected between the head pad and the preamplifier chip and between the preamplifier chip and an I/O-side end portion, respectively. In the spacer, a cavity is formed for storing the preamplifier chip. The reinforcing plate is inserted into the space formed by folding back the pad forming portion, and the spacer is engaged with the device mounting device, thereby constituting a magnetic-head-side end portion.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas purification device, a three-way catalyst, an NO.sub.x absorbing-reducing catalyst and an NH.sub.3 adsorbing-denitrating catalyst are disposed in an exhaust gas passage of the internal combustion engine. The engine is provided with direct cylinder injection valves which inject fuel directly into the respective cylinders. A control circuit controls the amount of fuel injected from the injection valve so that the air-fuel ratio of the combustion in the cylinders becomes a lean air-fuel ratio during the normal operation of the engine. Therefore, a lean air-fuel ratio exhaust gas is discharged from the cylinders during the normal operation and NO.sub.x, in the exhaust gas is absorbed by the NO.sub.x absorbing-reducing catalyst. When the amount of NO.sub.x absorbed in the NO.sub.

Abstract: A mask pattern including an auxiliary pattern for improving printing accuracy is easily formed. A process of making the auxiliary pattern includes the steps of: providing an auxiliary pattern forbidden region around an original pattern based on the original pattern formed by an original pattern generating means (step S1); providing an auxiliary pattern formation region around the auxiliary pattern forbidden region based on the auxiliary pattern forbidden region provided in step S1 (step S2); and forming an auxiliary pattern of specific width based on the auxiliary pattern formation region provided in step S2 (step S3). Such formation of the auxiliary pattern prevents neighboring two traces of auxiliary pattern from touching or overlapping each other, for example. An auxiliary pattern is easily formed even if an original pattern is a complicated one without repeatability.

Abstract: A device for purifying exhaust gas includes an HC adsorbent and an exhaust gas purifying catalyst disposed in an exhaust gas passage in this order from the upstream side. The exhaust gas purifying catalyst is provided with an O.sub.2 storage capability, i.e., the exhaust gas purifying catalyst is capable of absorbing oxygen in the exhaust gas when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean, and is capable of releasing the absorbed oxygen when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes rich. When the engine starts, the HC adsorbent adsorbs HC in the exhaust gas. When the temperature of the exhaust gas becomes high, the HC adsorbent releases the adsorbed HC. The device also includes an engine control unit which operates the engine at a lean air-fuel ratio during a predetermined period before the releasing of the HC from the HC adsorbent occurs. Therefore, oxygen is absorbed and stored in the exhaust gas purifying catalyst before the releasing of HC occurs.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas purification device, a No. 1 cylinder of the engine is operated at a rich air-fuel ratio and other cylinders (No. 2 to No. 4) are operated at a lean air-fuel ratio. The exhaust gases from the No. 1 and No. 2 cylinders are mixed with each other to form a rich air-fuel ratio exhaust gas mixture. Further, since the air-fuel ratio of the No. 2 cylinder is lean, the exhaust gas from the No. 2 cylinder contains a relatively large amount of NO.sub.x. This rich air-fuel ratio exhaust gas mixture which contains a relatively large amount of NO.sub.X is supplied to a three-way catalyst. At the three-way catalyst, part of the NO.sub.X in the exhaust gas mixture is converted to NH.sub.3. The exhaust gas mixture flowing out from the three-way catalyst and the lean exhaust gas from the No. 3 and No. 4 flow into a common exhaust gas passage where they mix with each other to form a lean exhaust gas containing NH.sub.3 from the three-way catalyst and NO.sub.X from the No. 3 and No. 4 cylinders.

Abstract: A device for purifying the exhaust gas of an engine having a plurality of cylinders divided into first and second cylinder groups, the first and the second cylinder groups being connected to first and second exhaust passage, respectively, and performing a lean operation, comprises an NH.sub.3 synthesizing catalyst arranged in the first exhaust passage, and an exhaust gas purifying catalyst arranged in an interconnecting passage, which interconnects the first passage downstream of the NH.sub.3 synthesizing catalyst and the second exhaust passage, for purifying the inflowing NO.sub.X and NH.sub.3. An additional engine performing a rich operation is provided and the exhaust gas thereof is fed to the first exhaust gas passage upstream of the NH.sub.3 synthesizing catalyst to make the exhaust gas air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NH.sub.3 synthesizing catalyst rich, to thereby synthesize NH.sub.3 therein. An amount of NH.sub.3 or NO.sub.

Abstract: A magneto-optic recording system uses a unit recording medium having on a substrate a first magnetic layer whose Curie temperature is low and also having on the first magnetic layer a second magnetic layer whose Curie temperature is high. The system heats a spot on the medium with a heating device. The system may employ two such unit recording media, each having the second magnetic layer magnetized in one direction. The two unit recording media are superposed on each other and formed integrally so as to obtain a magneto-optic recording medium in which the amount of information recorded and the recording speed are doubled. In addition, a light-emitting device and a magnetic field generator are added to the magneto-optic recording medium to obtain a compact magneto-optic recording system with a low level of power consumption.

Abstract: An amusement machine including a display for displaying a picture, motion providing elements for providing a user with motion, a recording medium on which a video signal representing the picture to be displayed on the display and a control signal for controlling the motion providing elements are recorded, and a controller for reproducing the recording medium to control the display and the motion providing elements. The display and the motion providing elements are installed into an amusement unit while the controller for controlling these units is installed in a control center which is located separately from the amusement unit.

Abstract: A unit recording medium, having on a substrate a first magnetic layer whose Curie temperature is low and also having on the first magnetic layer a second magnetic layer whose Curie temperature is high, is heated by a heating device. After two such unit recording media each having the second magnetic layer magnetized in one direction are fabricated, and the fabricated two unit recording media are superposed on each other and formed integrally so as to obtain a magneto-optic recording recording medium in which the amount of information recorded and the recording speed are doubled. In addition, a light-emitting device and a magnetic field generator are added to the magneto-optic recording medium to obtain a compact magneto-optic recording system with a low level of power consumption.

Abstract: A magneto-optic recording medium has a cartridge provided with a magnetization direction indicating portion for indicating the direction of magnetization of a second magnetic layer. Alternatively, the direction of magnetization of the second magnetic layer is recorded in advance in the first magnetic layer. The direction of magnetization of the second magnetic layer indicated or recorded is detected and recognized. A magnetic field oriented in an opposite direction to the direction of magnetization detected is imparted to the magneto-optic recording medium. Alternatively, predetermined information is recorded in the first magnetic layer, the direction of magnetization of the second magnetic layer is detected on the basis of a signal reproducing that information, and the direction of a magnetic field to be applied to the magneto-optic recording medium is set on the basis of the direction of magnetization thus detected.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for improving accuracy of recording and reproducing information onto and from a magneto-optic recording information medium. In the first method, a width of a mark formed by a relatively low intensity light beam between two kinds of light beam intensities used for recording information is made larger than a sum of a track land width and the maximum track offset of the light beam, thereby the mark formed by the relatively low intensity light beam covers the track land portion in its full width. In the first apparatus, a reflected light beam from the magneto-optic recording information medium is split into a reflected beam for information reproducing and a reflected beam for tracking and focusing servos at the reproducing, thereby the apparatus can remove part being affected by the track groove portion from the reflected light beam for information reproducing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for improving accuracy of recording and reproducing information onto and from a magneto-optic recording information medium. In the first method, a width of a mark formed by a relatively low intensity light beam between two kinds of light beam intensities used for recording information is made larger than a sum of a track land width and the maximum track offset of the light beam, thereby the mark formed by the relatively low intensity light beam covers the track land portion in its full width. In the first apparatus, a reflected light beam from the magneto-optic recording information medium is split into a reflected beam for information reproducing and a reflected beam for tracking and focusing servos at the reproducing, thereby the apparatus can remove part being affected by the track groove portion from the reflected light beam for information reproducing.

Abstract: A magneto-optic recording medium has a cartridge provided with a magnetization direction indicating portion for indicating the direction of magnetization of a second magnetic layer. Alternatively, the direction of magnetization of the second magnetic layer is recorded in advance in the first magnetic layer. The direction of magnetization of the second magnetic layer indicated or recorded is detected and recognized. A magnetic field oriented in an opposite direction to the direction of magnetization detected is imparted to the magneto-optic recording medium. Alternatively, predetermined information is recorded in the first magnetic layer, the direction of magnetization of the second magnetic layer is detected on the basis of a signal reproducing that information, and the direction of a magnetic field to be applied to the magneto-optic recording medium is set on the basis of the direction of magnetization thus detected.

Abstract: A magneto-optic recording apparatus which has a magnetic field generator that applies a magnetic field with a constant direction to a magneto-optic recording information medium for overwriting information to improve accuracy of recording and reproducing information onto and from magneto-optic recording information medium and further has an auxiliary magnetic field generator that compensates a variation of intensity of a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator and applied to the magneto-optic recording information medium is disclosed as the first invention. Also, a magneto-optic recording apparatus which performs synchronous wave detection of the reflected light signals from the magneto-optic recording information medium and controls A.C.

Abstract: A magneto-optical disc apparatus comprising a distance sensor detecting the distance optically between a magneto-optical disc and a magnetic head, a circuit sample-holding the detected output of the distance sensor, and a controlling mechanism controlling the distance between the magneto-optical disc and the magnetic head in the case where the detected output of the distance sensor is changed suddenly, responsive to a sample-held detected output immediately before the sudden change. Even when the detected output of the distance sensor changes suddenly by receiving a reflected light from a sector mark of the magneto-optical disc, the distance between the magneto-optical disc and the magnetic head does not change suddenly according to the sudden change, since the distance between the both is controlled responsive to the detected output having been sample-held immediately before the sudden change.

Abstract: An apparatus in accordance with the present invention sequentially fixes the wavelength of a light beam irradiated from a light source whose oscillation wavelength sequentially varies to a plurality of different wavelengths to a recording medium to required wavelengths each capable of forming a hole at absorption spectrum of the recording medium, synchronizes timing of change of the wavelength of the light source with timing of recording or regenerating each bit of information, records the optical hole formed in a manner that each bit of information corresponds to the wavelength varying in sequence, and detects the formed hole to regenerate information.