Abstract: A color filter of the present invention includes a large number of colored layers of a plurality of colors regularly arranged together. The color filter is such that xWH?0.05?xB?xWH+0.05 and yWH?0.05?yB?yWH+0.05 or xWH?0.10?xB?xWH and yWH?0.10?yB?yWH is satisfied, where (xWH, yWH) is the chromaticity in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram when the filter alone is irradiated with light to produce a white display, and (xB, yB) is the chromaticity in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram when the filter is irradiated with the same light while being interposed between a pair of polarization plates arranged in a crossed Nicols state each having a degree of polarization of 99.98% or more.

Abstract: A color filter of the present invention includes a large number of colored layers of a plurality of colors regularly arranged together. The color filter is such that xWH?0.05?xB?xWH+0.05 and yWH?0.05?yB?yWH+0.05 or xWH?0.10?xB?xWH and yWH?0.10?yB?yWH is satisfied, where (xWH, yWH) is the chromaticity in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram when the filter alone is irradiated with light to produce a white display, and (xB, yB) is the chromaticity in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram when the filter is irradiated with the same light while being interposed between a pair of polarization plates arranged in a crossed Nicols state each having a degree of polarization of 99.98% or more.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes an electrolyte layer, a first electrode which is provided on one surface of the electrolyte layer and to which fuel is supplied, and a second electrode which is provided on the other surface of the electrolyte layer and to which an oxidant is supplied. The first electrode contains an additive having an oxidation-reduction potential which is higher than a potential of formation reaction for forming a proton from the fuel and which is lower than an oxidation potential of a component contained in the first electrode.

Abstract: A color filter of the present invention includes a large number of colored layers of a plurality of colors regularly arranged together. The color filter is such that xWH?0.05?xB?xWH+0.05 and yWH?0.05?yB?yWH+0.05 or xWH?0.10?xB?xWH and yWH?0.10?yB?yWH is satisfied, where (xWH, yWH) is the chromaticity in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram when the filter alone is irradiated with light to produce a white display, and (xB, yB) is the chromaticity in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram when the filter is irradiated with the same light while being interposed between a pair of polarization plates arranged in a crossed Nicols state each having a degree of polarization of 99.98% or more.

Abstract: A method for producing a color filter includes forming a resinous black matrix on a substrate, and bonding a color film to the substrate and the resinous black matrix. The edge of the matrix is made thinner than an adjoining portion of the matrix to reduce or eliminate foaming and discoloration.

Abstract: A saccharide residue-functional organopolysiloxane containing at least two monosaccharide or polysaccharide groups per molecule in which a specific site on the monosaccharide or polysaccharide is bonded to silicon through a thioether bond. Also, a method of preparing the saccharide residue-functional organopolysiloxane, comprising condensing a saccharide residue-functional metal thiolate compound wherein the metal is an alkali metal atom or alkaline-earth metal atom, and an organopolysiloxane containing groups having the formula —R2Q wherein R2 is C2 to C10 alkylene, and Q is a group selected from halogen atoms, C1 to C10 alkylsulfonate groups, and C6 to C20 arylsulfonate groups.

Abstract: A fuel cell is provided which can enhance the CO resistance to thereby improve the voltage characteristics thereof. A fuel cell includes an electrolyte layer, a first electrode provided on one surface of the electrolyte layer, and a second electrode provided on the other surface of the electrolyte layer. In this fuel cell, a reaction fluid to be supplied to the first electrode contains carbon monoxide or carbon monoxide is generated from a reaction fluid having been supplied to the first electrode. The first electrode of the fuel cell includes a first catalyst material (Pt) having a function of extracting an electron from the reaction fluid, a second catalyst material (WAu) having a function of reducing the activation energy for conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, and an oxygen-supplying material (Ru) supplying oxygen.

Abstract: End-mill machining control method and apparatus in which cutting forces tangential and normal to tool motion are detected and machining is controlled based on the detected cutting force values. A primary component Ft and motion axis components Fx, Fy of a cutting force are determined from current values of a spindle motor and motion axis motors for tool feed. A cutting-engaged angle ?en is determined from a radius R of a tool and a depth of cut I into a workpiece. A motion direction angle ? is determined from distribution motion amounts ?X, ?Y to the axes. The cutting forces Fm, Fs tangential and normal to tool motion are determined from the primary component Ft and a motion axis component Fx or Fy whichever is the largest, the cutting-engaged angle ?en, the motion direction angle ?. The accuracy of the determined cutting forces Fm, Fs is high since they are determined from the primary component Ft less affected by disturbance and the largest axis component of the cutting force.

Abstract: A saccharide residue-functional organopolysiloxane containing at least two monosaccharide or polysaccharide groups per molecule in which a specific site on the monosaccharide or polysaccharide is bonded to silicon through a thioether bond. Also, a method of preparing the saccharide residue-functional organopolysiloxane, comprising condensing a saccharide residue-functional metal thiolate compound wherein the metal is an alkali metal atom or alkaline-earth metal atom. and an organopolysiloxane containing groups having the formula —R2Q wherein R2 is C2 to C10 alkylene, and Q is a group selected from halogen atoms, C1 to C10 alkylsulfonate groups, and C6 to C20 arylsulfonate groups.

Abstract: A color filter of the present invention includes a large number of colored layers of a plurality of colors regularly arranged together. The color filter is such that xWH?0.05?xB?xWH+0.05 and yWH?0.05?yB?yWH+0.05 or xWH?0.10?xB?xWH and yWH?0.10?yB?yWH is satisfied, where (xWH, yWH) is the chromaticity in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram when the filter alone is irradiated with light to produce a white display, and (xB, yB) is the chromaticity in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram when the filter is irradiated with the same light while being interposed between a pair of polarization plates arranged in a crossed Nicols state each having a degree of polarization of 99.98% or more.

Abstract: A saccharide residue-functional organopolycarbosiloxane containing at least two monosaccharide or polysaccharide groups per molecule in which a specific site on the monosaccharide or polysaccharide is bonded to silicon through a thioether bond. Also, a method of preparing the saccharide residue-functional organopolycarbosiloxane, comprising condensing a saccharide residue-functional metal thiolate compound wherein the metal is an alkali metal atom or alkaline-earth metal atom, and an organopolycarbosiloxane containing groups having the formula —R2Q wherein R2 is C2 to C10 alkylene, and Q is a group selected from halogen atoms, C1 to C10 alkylsulfonate groups, and C6 to C20 arylsulfonate groups.

Abstract: A saccharide residue-functional organopolysiloxane containing at least two monosaccharide or polysaccharide groups per molecule in which a specific site on the monosaccharide or polysaccharide is bonded to silicon through a thioether bond. Also, a method of preparing the saccharide residue-functional organopolysiloxane, comprising condensing a saccharide residue-functional metal thiolate compound wherein the metal is an alkali metal atom or alkaline-earth metal atom, and an organopolysiloxane containing groups having the formula —R2Q wherein R2 is C2 to C10 alkylene, and Q is a group selected from halogen atoms, C1 to C10 alkylsulfonate groups, and C6 to C20 arylsulfonate groups.

Abstract: End-mill machining control method and apparatus in which cutting forces tangential and normal to tool motion are detected and machining is controlled based on the detected cutting force values. A primary component Ft and motion axis components Fx, Fy of a cutting force are determined from current values of a spindle motor and motion axis motors for tool feed. A cutting-engaged angle &agr;en is determined from a radius R of a tool and a depth of cut I into a workpiece. A motion direction angle &bgr; is determined from distribution motion amounts &Dgr;X, &Dgr;Y to the axes. The cutting forces Fm, Fs tangential and normal to tool motion are determined from the primary component Ft and a motion axis component Fx or Fy whichever is the largest, the cutting-engaged angle &agr;en, the motion direction angle &bgr;. The accuracy of the determined cutting forces Fm, Fs is high since they are determined from the primary component Ft less affected by disturbance and the largest axis component of the cutting force.

Abstract: An AO server 100, shared server 105 and a client PC 110 are connected to one another via the Internet to build virtual community space accessible from a plurality of client PCs 110, 120, 130, 140, .. . A movement interpretation node 112 for a virtual living object 111 is provided at the client PC 110 for example, and an object management node 102 for the virtual living object 101 (111) in the virtual community space is provided at the AO server 100. Thus, the movement and structure of an object in a virtual space can freely be changed or modified.

Abstract: A method for producing a color filter includes forming a resinous black matrix on a substrate, and bonding a color film to the substrate and the resinous black matrix. The edge of the matrix is made thinner than an adjoining portion of the matrix to reduce or eliminate foaming and discoloration.

Abstract: A carbosilane dendrimer compound containing sugar chain in its chemical structure that show neutralizing activity against verotoxin and antiviral activity, and a process for producing the same are provided. Further, a carbosilane dendrimer compound that contains sialyllactose at its terminus, which can specifically bind and adhered to viruses, is provided.

Abstract: A color filter frame, which covers a non-display surface of an optical display section, is provided with frame color filter picture elements using at least two of three colors used for color filter picture elements, which correspond to displaying pixels. An area ratio of the frame color filter picture elements corresponding to different colors is set so as to be different from that of the color filter picture elements, which correspond to the colors used in the frame color filter picture elements. With this arrangement, it is possible to omit the step of manufacturing a black mask so as to reduce the cost; consequently, a color filter for an optical display device can be provided with an excellent appearance on a display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including: a first substrate a plurality of pixel electrodes each provided adjacent to a corresponding one of the intersections of the plurality of signal lines and the plurality of scan lines; a second substrate having a first colored region including a plurality of colors, the first colored region corresponding to the plurality of pixel electrodes; and a liquid crystal layer being interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: Transmitting portions of a phase-shifting mask include plural first transmitting areas periodically arranged along a first direction and a second direction and a second transmitting area provided in an area surrounded with adjacent four first transmitting areas among the plural first transmitting areas. The first transmitting areas are formed by recessing a board so that a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees in exposure light can be caused between adjacent first transmitting areas. A phase difference of substantially 90 degrees in the exposure light is caused between the second transmitting area and the surrounding first transmitting areas. Thus, isolated patterns arranged at high density can be formed correspondingly to the first transmitting areas and the second transmitting area.

Abstract: Transmitting portions of a phase-shifting mask include plural first transmitting areas periodically arranged along a first direction and a second direction and a second transmitting area provided in an area surrounded with adjacent four first transmitting areas among the plural first transmitting areas. The first transmitting areas are formed by recessing a board so that a phase difference of substantially 180 degrees in exposure light can be caused between adjacent first transmitting areas. A phase difference of substantially 90 degrees in the exposure light is caused between the second transmitting area and the surrounding first transmitting areas. Thus, isolated patterns arranged at high density can be formed correspondingly to the first transmitting areas and the second transmitting area.