Abstract: A function node control unit records a pair of an input message and a computer program as a journal log, and sends the input message and the computer program to a virtual machine unit. The virtual machine unit executes the computer program with the input message as an argument, and sends the execution result to the function node control unit. The function node control unit outputs the execution result as an output message. At the time of activation of the information processing device, a recovery unit restores the virtual machine unit to the state at a particular time in the past; sequentially fetches journal logs recorded after the particular time; causes the virtual machine unit to sequentially re-execute the computer programs with the input messages included in the respective journal logs as corresponding arguments; and roll-forwards the state of the virtual machine unit to the latest state.

Abstract: A tampering detection system according to an embodiment includes one or more first terminals connectable to any of one or more peers and one or more detectors. The first terminal includes an acquiring unit acquiring a block hash in a blockchain from the peer, and a transmitting unit transmitting a first transaction record that contains a first digitally signed message containing the block hash and data based on a transaction content of the first terminal and contains a digital signature for the first digitally signed message, to the peer. The detector includes a receiving unit receiving the blockchain from the peer and a detecting unit detecting blockchain tampering if the digital signature contained in the first transaction record in a block of the blockchain is invalid or if the blockchain contains no block hashes identical to the block hash contained in the first transaction record in the block.

Abstract: A tampering validation method according to an embodiment includes: calculating a block hash based on other block hashes of a plurality of other blocks and unique information and generating a blockchain to which a block containing the calculated block hash is connected; in response to reception of a validation request for a validation block contained in the blockchain, generating a certificate used for recalculation of recalculation blocks containing block hashes that are dependent on a block hash of the validation block, for the other block hashes; and in response to reception of the certificate, validating the validation block by recalculating block hashes of the recalculation blocks using the certificate.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a calculation device includes a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors are configured to: repeat a processing procedure including a first variable update and a second variable update; and display an image on a display device. The one or more processors are further configured to: while repeating the processing procedure, output values of the updated first variables xi and second variables yi, and when repetition of the processing procedure is finished, output a sign of the last updated first variable xi; and display on the display device a monitoring image representing a temporal change in at least some of the first variables xi and the second variables yi, based on the output values of the first variables xi and the second variables yi.

Abstract: An information processing device includes a storage unit and a processing circuit. The storage unit is configured to store a first variable and a second variable. The processing circuit is configured to update the first variable based on the second variable, which corresponds to the first variable, weight the first variable with a first coefficient and add the weighted first variable to the corresponding second variable, calculate a problem term using the plurality of first variables, add the problem term to the second variable, calculate a first correction term including a product of a constraint term and a second coefficient, add the first correction term to the second variable, and increase absolute values of the first coefficient and the second coefficient depending on the number of updates. The constraint term is based on a constraint condition and has the first variable as an argument.

Abstract: An information processing system as an embodiment of the present invention includes: a first computer that generates an edge group that is a group of edges connected to corresponding nodes for each of the nodes in a graph of a Hamiltonian path problem, a binary variable indicating whether the edges included in the edge group are selected as a path for each of edge groups, and an Ising model with the binary variable as a spin; and a second computer that calculates a solution of the Ising model. The first computer acquires a solution of the Hamiltonian path problem based on the solution of the Ising model calculated by the second computer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information processing device includes a first processing circuit and a second processing circuit. The first processing circuit is configured to update a third vector based on basic equations. Each of the basic equations is a partial derivative of an objective function with respect to either of the variables in the objective function. The second processing circuit is configured to update the element of the first vector and update the element of the second vector. The element of the first vector smaller than a first value is set to the first value. The element of the first vector greater than a second value is set to the second value.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information processing device includes a first storage and a first processing circuit. The first storage is configured to store constraint data which includes a constraint of a combinatorial optimization problem expressed in a formal language. The first processing circuit is configured to generate logical expression data from the constraint data and generate a penalty term data including a penalty term having a binary variable parameter by converting the logical expression data.

Abstract: A resist composition which generates an acid when exposed and whose solubility in a developer is changed by an action of an acid, the resist composition including: a base material component (A) whose solubility in a developer is changed by an action of an acid, in which the base material component (A) comprises a polymer compound (A1) having a constitutional unit (a01) represented by Formula (a0-1), a constitutional unit (a02) represented by Formula (a0-2), and a constitutional unit (a03) which is represented by Formula (a0-3) and has a structure different from the constitutional unit (a02).

Abstract: A tampering detection system according to an embodiment includes one or more first terminals connectable to any of one or more peers and one or more detectors. The first terminal includes an acquiring unit acquiring a block hash in a blockchain from the peer, and a transmitting unit transmitting a first transaction record that contains a first digitally signed message containing the block hash and data based on a transaction content of the first terminal and contains a digital signature for the first digitally signed message, to the peer. The detector includes a receiving unit receiving the blockchain from the peer and a detecting unit detecting blockchain tampering if the digital signature contained in the first transaction record in a block of the blockchain is invalid or if the blockchain contains no block hashes identical to the block hash contained in the first transaction record in the block.

Abstract: A resist composition including a resin component (A1) which exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, the resin component (A1) including a structural unit (a0) represented by general formula (a0-1) shown below (wherein Ya01 and Ya02 each independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, provided that the total number of carbon atoms of Ya01 and Ya02 is 3 or less; Ra01 and Ra02 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that the total number of carbon atoms of Ra01 and Ra02 is 2 to 6; A? represents an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms).

Abstract: A function node control unit records a pair of an input message and a computer program as a journal log, and sends the input message and the computer program to a virtual machine unit. The virtual machine unit executes the computer program with the input message as an argument, and sends the execution result to the function node control unit. The function node control unit outputs the execution result as an output message. At the time of activation of the information processing device, a recovery unit restores the virtual machine unit to the state at a particular time in the past; sequentially fetches journal logs recorded after the particular time; causes the virtual machine unit to sequentially re-execute the computer programs with the input messages included in the respective journal logs as corresponding arguments; and roll-forwards the state of the virtual machine unit to the latest state.

Abstract: A resist composition which generates an acid when exposed and whose solubility in a developer is changed by an action of an acid, the resist composition including: a base material component (A) whose solubility in a developer is changed by an action of an acid, in which the base material component (A) comprises a polymer compound (A1) having a constitutional unit (a01) represented by Formula (a0-1) and a constitutional unit (a1) which comprises an acid-decomposable group whose polarity is increased due to an action of an acid, and the constitutional unit (a1) comprises a constitutional unit containing an acid-dissociable group represented by Formula (a1-r-1) and a constitutional unit containing an acid-dissociable group represented by Formula (a1-r-2).

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an information processing system includes a server and a client. The server includes a storage, a receiver, and a storage controller. The storage is configured to store data and its version in a record indexed by a key for identifying the record. The receiver is configured to receive, from the client, a write request including write data, requested key for identifying a record where the write data is to be stored, and a write version that indicates a version of the write data. The storage controller is configured to replace the data and its version in the record identified by the requested key with the requested write data and the requested write version, respectively, if the version in the record identified by the requested key is smaller than the write version.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a multiplexing system includes servers. Each server includes a memory, a processing unit, a decision controller, and a restoring unit. The memory is configured to store internal data. The processing unit is configured to output, as first data, deterministic data or the nondeterministic data. The deterministic data is uniquely determined by an operation based on input data and the internal data having not yet been processed. When the processing unit cannot determine deterministic output it outputs the nondeterministic data. The decision controller is configured to select either the first data output from the each server or the first data output from another server, and decide the selected first data as second data. The restoring unit is configured to, when the second output data is the nondeterministic data, restore the internal data to a state of the internal data having not yet been processed.

Abstract: An information processing system includes a first determining unit, a second determining unit, and a processing unit. The first determining unit determines a result indicating a second fixed state for data when a first condition is satisfied, the first condition indicating that t2 or more results of a first recommended state or a first fixed state are selected for the same data. The second determining unit determines the result indicating the first fixed state for the data when a second condition is satisfied, the second condition indicating that t1 or more results indicating the second fixed state are selected for the same data. The second determining unit also determines the result indicating the first recommended state for the data when a third condition is satisfied, the third condition indicating that (b+1) or more results indicating the second fixed state are selected for the same data.

Abstract: A push switch includes: a hollow housing having an inner circumferential surface formed with a guide part; an operation button formed with a first ratchet tooth; a cam follower including a cam part, and a second ratchet tooth, and being movable up and down in an axial direction and rotatable in a circumferential direction; a first spring; an engagement piece engaged with the cam follower; a movable contact; a metallic contact member rotatable integrally with the cam follower; a fixed terminal including contacts to be switched by rotating the contact member; and a base on which the fixed terminal is fixed. The contact member defines a through hole at a rotation center of the contact member. The base includes a rotation axis part inserted in the through hole and serving as the rotation center of the contact member.

Abstract: A resist composition which generates acid upon exposure and exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, the resist composition including a base component (A) which exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, and a compound (D1) represented by general formula (d1), wherein Z? represents an anion having an aromatic ring containing a hydroxybenzoic acid skeleton, provided that at least one hydrogen atom of the aromatic ring has been substituted with a halogen atom; m represents an integer of 1 or more; and Mm+ represents an organic cation having a valency of m.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an information processing system includes a client apparatus and three or more server apparatuses that each store data. The server apparatus includes a first storage, a receiver, a generator, a selector, a transmitter, and a changer. When the number of requests indicating identical changes among the requests of the data candidates is larger than a first threshold, the selector selects one of the requests indicating identical changes, and sets the state of the selected request to a second state. The transmitter transmits the data candidate including the selected request to one or more server apparatuses. When the number of requests in the second state among the requests of the data candidates is larger than a second threshold, the changer updates the history data and changes the data by using one of the data candidates including the requests in the second state.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an ordering device determines a processing order of pieces of data in each computer in a multiplex system. The device includes a preliminary elector and a confidence elector. The preliminary elector is configured to generate, when a vote having the current order number, the current round number, and a nominated state is acquired from a primary computer, a vote that includes data included in the acquired vote, the current order number, a round number following the current round number, and a winning-assured state. The confidence elector is configured to determine, when a vote having the current order number, the current round number, and the winning-assured state is acquired for identical data from each of a threshold or more of the computers, data included in the acquired vote to be data to be processed at the current order number.