Abstract: The invention concerns new 3-methyl-aldehydes of the general formula ##STR1## wherein x is 6 or 7,a process for their preparation and their use as odorants.

Abstract: A windshield wiper assembly is disclosed which includes a pivot pin between the side walls of the main yoke. A connecting element for a wiper arm is mounted on the yoke. The wiper arm projects from the back of the main yoke and is bent such that it laterally extends beside the wiper blade.

Abstract: The invention concerns new 3-methyl-5-keto-.alpha.,.omega.-alkene-dioic acids of the general formula ##STR1## wherein the double bond is in one of the positions indicated by the broken lines,R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another are a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl group,x is an integer from 9 to 11 andy and z independently of one another are 1 or 2, but cannot both be 1;a process for their preparation and their use for the preparation of macrocyclic .beta.-methyl ketones which are valuable fragrances.

Abstract: The invention concerns new macrocyclic diesters of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein x is an integer from 8 to 11, which are valuable odorants and a process for their preparation.

Abstract: The invention concerns to new (isocamph-5-yl)-guaiacyl ethers of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an isocamph-5-yl radical in the 6- or 4-position relative to the ethoxy group;a process for their preparation and their use for the preparation of 3-(isocamph-5-yl)-cyclohexanol which is an important constituent of sandal compound.

Abstract: Mixtures of 2- and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol with high contents of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol are obtained by a process comprising reacting phenol with paraformaldehyde in the presence of a compound which exhibits two or more tertiary nitrogen atoms per molecule and a pK.sub.a value of .gtoreq.6.5 (measured at 20.degree. C. in water).

Abstract: Mixtures of 2- and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol with high contents of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol are obtained by a process comprising reacting phenol and paraformaldehyde in the presence of a strongly basic catalyst and a polyalkylene polyether.

Abstract: The invention concerns new [isocamph-5-yl]-guaiacyl esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R represents an isocamph-5-yl radical located in the 2-position or 4-position relative to the OAc group and Ac represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylsulphonyl or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)-phosphoryl radical; a process for their preparation and their use for the preparation of 3-[isocamph-5-yl]-cyclo-hexanol which is an important constituent of sandal compound.

Abstract: Novel process for the preparation of an arylglyoxylic acid compound, e.g., phenylglyoxylic acid, which comprises oxidizing an .alpha.-hydroxyarylacetic acid, e.g., mandelic acid, of the formula ##STR1## in which m is 1, 2 or 3,each R individually is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl,aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, cycloakoxy, aryloxy, hydroxyl,halogen, aminoalkyl or carboxyl,with the proviso thattwo R's together can represent the methylenedioxygroup or a fused-on, optionally heterocyclic andoptionally substituted ring,with oxygen or a gas containing molecular oxygen in aqueous alkaline medium in the presence of a catalyst comprising a platinum-group metal in the presence as an activator of at least one of lead, a lead compound, bismuth and a bismuth compound at a temperature of up to the boiling point of the resulting reaction mixture.

Abstract: Compound of the formula ##STR1## in which n stands for 0 or 1 and, where "n" stands for 0, a double bond is present as indicated by the chain line, andR represents a cyclohexyl radical, or a phenyl radical which may optionally be substituted in the p-position by a lower alkyl radical.The compounds are produced by reaction of methylethyl ketone substituted in the .beta.-position by R with cyanoacetic acid in the presence of a basic catalyst. The compounds are useful as perfumes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of pure 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, pure 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol or a mixture of both hydroxybenzyl alcohols by reacting phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst and subjecting the resulting reaction mixture to an at least 2-stage countercurrent extraction in a solvent system of water/organic solvent which is water-immiscible or water-miscible only to a limited extent.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid, wherein glyoxylic acid is reacted with 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene in a strongly acid medium.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of cyclopentadecanolide comprising the steps of converting 13-oxa-bicyclo [10.4.0]-hexadecene-[1(12)] to a lactone of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is an oxygen atom, .dbd.NOH or .dbd.N--NH.sub.2,reducing said lactone to give 15-hydroxy-pentadecanecarboxylic acid and cyclising said acid to give cyclopentadecanolide.

Abstract: Aromatic hydroxy aldehydes are prepared by the simultaneous oxidation and decarboxylation of hydroxy aryl glycolic acids by reacting same with oxidizing agents in aqueous-acid medium.

Abstract: The invention concerns a new process for the production of 2-alkoxy-4-propen-1-yl phenols of the formula ##STR1## in which R represents the methyl or ethyl radical wherein 2-alkoxy phenols of the formula ##STR2## in which R is as defined above, are initially condensed with propionaldehyde in the presence of acid catalysts, and the resulting condensation product is subsequently split by heating in the presence of a basic catalyst to form the phenols of formula I.

Abstract: Salicylaldehyde and other hydroxybenzaldehydes are prepared by oxydation of a hydroxybenzyl alcohol in the presence of a platinum metal catalyst and lead, silver, tellurium or tin or compounds thereof as activator.

Abstract: The containers to be tested are brought into an ultrasonic wave field of which the intensity is assessed so that defective containers are destroyed, while mechanically perfect containers remain unaffected. Since the containers destroyed fall out of their holders, sorting takes place simultaneously.

Abstract: Process for the separation or purification of heat-sensitive compounds by carrier-vapor distillation, wherein the superheated solvent vapor which is loaded with the compound to be distilled is cooled by treatment with condensed solvent in counter-current and the amount of condensed solvent is measured in such a manner that a saturated solution of the compound which is almost at boiling point is formed from the superheated, loaded vapor. The process being especially apted for separating or purifying 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes optionally substituted by one or more C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy groups.

Abstract: The invention concerns new 2-alkoxy-4-alkenyl phenols of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is methyl or ethyl andR.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are different from one another and mean hydrogen or methyl;A process for the preparation of said 2-alkoxy-4-alkenyl phenols comprising condensing 2-alkoxy phenols with butyraldehyde or isobutyraldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst and thermal splitting the condensation product in the presence of a catalyst; and the use of the new 2-alkoxy-4-alkenyl phenols as odorants.

Abstract: Microorganisms can be rendered inactive without impairing their antigenicity or immunogenicity by treating the microorganisms with ethyleneimine. The microorganism is placed in a suspension containing ethyleneimine up to a final concentration of 0.005 to 2% V/V. The temperature of the ethyleneimine-containing suspension is maintained between 0.degree. and 45.degree. C for between a few hours and 2 days. The excess ethyleneimine is destroyed.