Abstract: The working width of a carding machine for short staple fiber carding is reduced. As a result, the precision of the working elements and the complete arrangement is increased. The productivity of the carding machine is thus also increased.

Abstract: The present patent application describes novel liquid detergent compositions containing specifically disulfonated dibenzofuranylbiphenyls of the formula ##STR1## in which X is a sulfonic acid radical, hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and Y and Z independently of the other are a sulfonic acid radical, hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, halogeno, CN, phenoxy or benzyloxy, with the proviso that either X or Y or Z is a sulfonic acid radical and the remaining substituents are not a sulfonic acid radical, and the preparation and use thereof; these detergent compositions prevent spotting on textile fabric when it comes into direct contact with the liquid detergent composition.

Abstract: Detergents which, in addition to inorganic and/or organic peracids, contain specific bis-benzofuranyl compounds as fluorescent whitening agents. These detergents are stable for several months and already show the customary cleaning properties at washing temperatures of 20.degree.-60.degree. C.

Abstract: Liquid detergents containing, as the fluorescent whitener, 2,2'-dichloro-5,5'-disulfodistyrylbiphenyl, process for the preparation and use of the liquid detergent for washing and pre-treating textile fabrics; these are liquid detergents which are stable on storage, do not sediment, are stable to bleaching systems and do not form spots in the course of pre-treatment.

Abstract: Distyrylbiphenyl compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are halogen, hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or cyano, and M.sup..sym. is a salt-forming cation, are used as fluorescent whitening agents in solid and, preferably, liquid, detergent compositions. They are distinguished by good white effects and insignificant spotting behavior.

Abstract: Mixtures of fluorescent whitening agents consisting of 51 to 99% by weight of 1-(4-cyanostyryl)-4-(3'-styryl)benzene, 49 to 1% by weight of 1-(4-cyanostyryl)-4-(2'-cyanostyryl)benzene and 0.5 to 5% by weight of 1,4-bis(cyanostyryl)benzene, a process for the preparation of said mixtures by condensing terephthalaldehyde with a 4-dialkylphosphonomethylbenzonitrile to 4-cyano-4'-formylstilbene, which is further condensed, either direct or after isolation, with a 3- and 2-dialkylphosphonomethylbenzonitrile, the use of these mixtures for whitening polyester fibres, and compositions containing said mixtures for whitening polyester fibres.

Abstract: Detergents which, in addition to inorganic and/or organic peracids, contain specific stilbene compounds as fluorescent whitening agents. These detergents are stable for several months and already show the customary cleaning properties at washing temperatures of 20.degree.-60.degree. C.

Abstract: Liquid detergent compositions which are stable on storage and contain fluorescent whitening agents from the class of the disulfonated distyrylbiphenyl and distyrylphenyl compounds; they do not produce bleach spots on direct contact with textile fabric. Some of the fluorescent whitening agents used are novel.

Abstract: Mixtures of fluorescent whitening agents consisting of 51 to 99% by weight of a symmetrically or unsymmetrically substituted first 1,4-bis(cyanostyryl)benzene and 49 to 1% by weight of an unsymmetrically substituted second 1,4-bis(cyanostyryl)benzene that differs from the first, a process for the preparation of said mixtures by condensing terephthalaldehyde with a di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkylphosphonomethylbenzonitrile to cyano-4-formylstilbene, which is further condensed, either direct or after isolation, with at least one other di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkylphosphonomethylbenzonitrile, the use of these mixtures for whitening polyester fibres, and compositions containing said mixtures for whitening polyester fibres.

Abstract: Mixtures of fuorescent whitening agents comprising 5 to 45 parts by weight of 4,4'-bis(cyanovinyl)stilbene and 95 to 55 parts by weight of a compound of formula ##STR1## and the use of said mixtures and compositions containing them for whitening polyester fibres and textile material containing polyester fibres.

Abstract: Mixtures of fluorescent whitening agents consisting of 51 to 98.5% by weight of 1-(4-cyanostyryl)-4-(3'-styryl)benzene, 48.5 to 1% by weight of 1-(4-cyanostyryl)-4-(2'-cyanostyryl)benzene and 0.5 to 5% by weight of 1,4-bis(cyanostyryl)benzene, a process for the preparation of said mixtures by condensing terephthalaldehyde with a 4-dialkylphosphonomethylbenzonitrile to 4-cyano-4'-formylstilbene, which is further condensed, either direct or after isolation, with a 3- and 2-dialkylphosphonomethylbenzonitrile, the use of these mixtures for whitening polyester fibers, and compositions containing said mixtures for whitening polyester fibers.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel sulfone compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or naphthyl radical,R.sub.2 is hydrogen or the radical of the formula ##STR2## R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are --CN or --COOR.sub.5, in which R.sub.5 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, with the proviso that, if R.sub.2 is the radical of the formula ##STR3## R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 in formula I may be identical or different. The compounds of the invention are valuable intermediates for the preparation of fluorescent whitening agents of the stilbene series.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel sulfone compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or naphthyl radical,R.sub.2 is hydrogen or the radical of the formula ##STR2## R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are --CN or --COOR.sub.5, in which R.sub.5 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, with the proviso that, if R.sub.2 is the radical of the formula ##STR3## R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 in formula I may be identical or different. The compounds of the invention are valuable intermediates for the preparation of fluorescent whitening agents of the stilbene series.

Abstract: Mixtures of fluorescent whitening agents consisting of 51 to 99% by weight of a symmetrically or unsymmetrically substituted first 1,4-bis(cyanostyryl)benzene and 49 to 1% by weight of an unsymmetrically substituted second 1,4-bis(cyanostyryl)benzene that differs from the first, a process for the preparation of said mixtures by condensing terephthalaldehyde with a di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkylphosphonomethylbenzonitrile to cyano-4-formylstilbene, which is further condensed, either direct or after isolation, with at least one other di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkylphosphonomethylbenzonitrile, the use of these mixtures for whitening polyester fibres, and compositions containing said mixtures for whitening polyester fibres.

Abstract: Stilbene derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is chlorine or bromine, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, carboxyl, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or a non-chromophorically esterified carboxyl group, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently of one another are each hydrogen, unsubstituted or non-chromophorically substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl, or a non-chromophoric substituent of the 2nd order.They are valuable intermediates for producing optical brighteners of the 4,4'-disubstituted stilbene series.

Abstract: The distyrylbiphenyls of the formula ##STR1## in which X and X' independently of one another are a direct bond, oxygen, sulfur, --O--C.sub.1-3 -alkylene-CON(R.sub.4)--CON(R.sub.4)--, --O--C.sub.1-3 alkylene-COO--, OCO or --COO--, with the proviso that if n+n'=O, X and X' may not be --CON(R.sub.4)-- or O--C.sub.1-3 -alkylene-CON(R.sub.4)--, and if n+n'=2 and X and X' are --CON(R.sub.4)-- or --COO--, A.sup..crclbar. may not be a phosphite or phosphonate anion, and Y and Y' independently of one another are C.sub.1-20 -alkyene, R.sub.1 and R.sub.1 ' independently of one another are unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1-8 -alkyl or C.sub.3-4 -alkenyl, R.sub.1 together with R.sub.2, or R.sub.1 ' together with R.sub.2 ', is a heterocyclic ring, R.sub.2 and R.sub.2 ' independently of one another are unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1-8 -alkyl or C.sub.3-4 -alkenyl, or R.sub.2 together with R.sub.1, or R.sub.2 ' together with R.sub.1 ', is a heterocyclic ring, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, or R.sub.1 ' and R.sub.

Abstract: A regulator circuit for controlling the cooling and heating power for automotive vehicles, wherein signals proportional to the external temperature, the internal temperature of the vehicle, and the desired temperature are applied to an input amplifier, the output signal of this amplifier being applied as the desired value to the heating system. This output signal is also fed to a second amplifier which is furthermore supplied with the signal proportional to the external temperature. The output signal of this second amplifier serves as the desired value for the cooling system. By means of this arrangement, excessive cooling at the transition point between heating and cooling, as well as oscillation around this transition point, can be prevented. An economical reheat operation is made possible for dehumidifying the air by appropriate selection of resistor values such that the heating system and the cooling system are in simultaneous operation.

Abstract: A filter drum is screened off at the matted fibers take-off position on its interior face via a sealing membrane which is pressed by support sheets and a tightening element against the interior face. The drum is positioned within a housing whose interior is subjected to a suction force and is sealed off from the atmosphere by lip seals. A gap between a compression roll and a take-off roll is tightly filled by the compressed layer of matted fibers so that the entry of leakage air is prevented.

Abstract: The invention relates to stilbene compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Q is hydrogen; a monocyclic 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted by non-chromophoric groups and which contains no fused benzene rings or one or two fused benzene rings; a bicyclic 9-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring or the radical --CH.dbd.C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2), in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by non-chromophoric groups, and R.sub.2 is alkoxycarbonyl containing altogether 2 to 7 carbons atoms, cyano, carboxyl, carbamoyl, phosphonic acid dialkyl ester, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or arylsulfonyl; or Q may also be ##STR2## R.sub.o is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by non-chromophoric groups, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkynyl, di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkylamino(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The distyrylbiphenyls of the formula ##STR1## in which X and X' independently of one another are a direct bond, oxygen, sulfur, --O--C.sub.1-3 -alkylene-CON(R.sub.4)----CON(R.sub.4)--, --O--C.sub.1-3 -alkylene-COO--, OCO or --COO--, with the proviso that if n+n'=O, X and Y' may not be --CON(R.sub.4)-- or O--C.sub.1-3 -alkylene-CON(R.sub.4)--, and if n+n'=2 and X and X' are --CON(R.sub.4)-- or --COO--, A.sup..crclbar. may not be a phosphite or phosphonate anion, and Y and Y' independently of one another are C.sub.1-20 -alkylene, R.sub.1 and R.sub.1 ' independently of one another are unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1-8 -alkyl or C.sub.3-4 -alkenyl, or R.sub.1 together with R.sub.2, or R.sub.1 ' together with R.sub.2 ', is a heterocyclic ring, R.sub.2 and R.sub.2 ' independently of one another are unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1-8 -alkyl or C.sub.3-4 -alkenyl, or R.sub.2 together with R.sub.1, or R.sub.2 ' together with R.sub.1 ', is a heterocyclic ring, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, or R.sub.1 ' and R.sub.