Abstract: The present disclosure describes a prophylactic method for the prevention of injury or disease of a synovial joint in a mammal that includes orally administering a composition including protocatechuic acid and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The composition includes at least 0.035 mmol protocatechuic acid per kilogram bodyweight of the mammal. The orally administered composition increases insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the synovial fluid of a synovial joint of the mammal. The administration of the compound also increases insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the bloodstream of the mammal.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method of treating an infection or inflammation of an eye of a mammal including contacting an eye with a solution comprising sterilized water and protocatechuic acid. The protocatechuic acid may be between about 0.01 wt % and 1.25 wt % in the solution. The solution may include saline. The solution may include ciprofloxacin and/or norfloxacin. This disclosure further provides a method of disinfecting a contact lens including contacting a contact lens with a solution including protocatechuic acid. The solution may include a surfactant. The surfactant may include polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, coconut, polysorbate, polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene ethers of high alkanes C12-C18. The surfactant may include poly(oxypropylene)-poly(oxyethylene) adducts of ethylene diamine having a molecular weight about 7,500 to about 27,000 wherein at least about 40 weight percent of the adducts is poly(oxyethylene).

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method of joint repair or replacement in a mammal including surgically debriding a joint, administering a composition including a therapeutically effective amount of protocatechuic acid for between about 1 day and 1 month prior to arthroscopically debriding the joint, and administering the composition for between 1 day and 6 months after arthroscopically debriding the joint. The administration of the composition may be through oral administration. The composition may be a tablet, a pill, or a capsule. The tablet, the pill, or the capsule may include about 500 mg of protocatechuic acid.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a beverage sachet including a powder which includes protocatechuic acid, an electrolyte, and a sweetener. The sachet can further include a cannabinoid. The cannabinoid may be cannabidiol. The electrolyte may include sodium chloride salt or monopotassium phosphate salt. The sachet may further include vitamin C, vitamin D, a B vitamin, magnesium, or calcium. The sweetener may include sucrose, glucose, dextrose, maltodextrins, or fructose. The disclosure also includes a beverage including protocatechuic acid and a cannabinoid. The cannabinoid may be cannabidiol. The beverage may be a sports beverage including sweeteners and electrolytes. The beverage may be a health beverage including a fruit, a vegetable, vitamin C, vitamin D, a B vitamin, magnesium, or calcium.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method of joint repair or replacement in a mammal including surgically debriding a joint, administering a composition including a therapeutically effective amount of protocatechuic acid for between about 1 day and 1 month prior to arthroscopically debriding the joint, and administering the composition for between 1 day and 6 months after arthroscopically debriding the joint. The administration of the composition may be through oral administration. The composition may be a tablet, a pill, or a capsule. The tablet, the pill, or the capsule may include about 500 mg of protocatechuic acid.

Abstract: In embodiments, a method of treating a disease or condition caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a mammal is disclosed including administering to the mammal a composition comprising protocatechuic acid crystals. The mammal may be a human. The composition may include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods for diagnosing a cognitive disorder including performing a tactile perception test on a subject, measuring the subject's tactile perception test performance with a microelectromechanical sensor, and performing a cognitive disorder diagnosis on the subject. The tactile perception test may include distinguishing between various shaped and sized objects and selecting a predetermined one. The tactile perception test may include a two-point discrimination test. The tactile perception test may include testing lower extremity coordination. The tactile perception test may include testing upper extremity coordination. The cognitive disorder may include dementia, Alzheimer's, brain trauma, or concussion. The microelectromechanical sensor may include an accelerometer or gyroscope.

Abstract: An enhanced bone graft product includes a host matrix, a bone graft material, a scaffold, or a biological construct, and a composition including a therapeutically effective amount of protocatechuic acid. The bone graft material may be autographic, allographic, alloplastic, or xenographic. The bone graft material may include fresh bone, freeze-dried bone, or demineralized freeze-dried bone. The composition may include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle. The composition may include protocatechuic acid at a concentration of about 10 ?M to about 250 ?M. The composition may further include mesenchymal stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal skeletal stem cells, synovial stem cells, bone marrow extract, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, osteocytes, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a cannabinoid and protocatechuic acid is provided. The disclosure further provides a method of treating inflammation comprising administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a cannabinoid and protocatechuic acid to a patient in need thereof. The disclosure further provides a method of treating inflammation including administering a composition including protocatechuic acid and a composition including a cannabinoid to a patient in need thereof. In embodiments, the composition including protocatechuic acid and the composition including a cannabinoid may be administered simultaneously within about 60 minutes of each other. In embodiments, the cannabinoid includes Cannabidiol (CBD).

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a prophylactic method for the prevention of injury or disease of a synovial joint in a mammal that includes orally administering a composition including protocatechuic acid and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The composition includes at least 0.035 mmol protocatechuic acid per kilogram bodyweight of the mammal. The orally administered composition increases insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the synovial fluid of a synovial joint of the mammal. The administration of the compound also increases insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the bloodstream of the mammal.

Abstract: A composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a cannabinoid and protocatechuic acid is provided. The disclosure further provides a method of treating inflammation comprising administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a cannabinoid and protocatechuic acid to a patient in need thereof. The disclosure further provides a method of treating inflammation including administering a composition including protocatechuic acid and a composition including a cannabinoid to a patient in need thereof. In embodiments, the composition including protocatechuic acid and the composition including a cannabinoid may be administered simultaneously within about 60 minutes of each other. In embodiments, the cannabinoid includes Cannabidiol (CBD).

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a beverage sachet including a powder which includes protocatechuic acid, an electrolyte, and a sweetener. The sachet can further include a cannabinoid. The cannabinoid may be cannabidiol. The electrolyte may include sodium chloride salt or monopotassium phosphate salt. The sachet may further include vitamin C, vitamin D, a B vitamin, magnesium, or calcium. The sweetener may include sucrose, glucose, dextrose, maltodextrins, or fructose. The disclosure also includes a beverage including protocatechuic acid and a cannabinoid. The cannabinoid may be cannabidiol. The beverage may be a sports beverage including sweeteners and electrolytes. The beverage may be a health beverage including a fruit, a vegetable, vitamin C, vitamin D, a B vitamin, magnesium, or calcium.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method of treating an infection or inflammation of an eye of a mammal including contacting an eye with a solution comprising sterilized water and protocatechuic acid. The protocatechuic acid may be between about 0.01 wt % and 1.25 wt % in the solution. The solution may include saline. The solution may include ciprofloxacin and/or norfloxacin. This disclosure further provides a method of disinfecting a contact lens including contacting a contact lens with a solution including protocatechuic acid. The solution may include a surfactant. The surfactant may include polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, coconut, polysorbate, polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene ethers of high alkanes C12-C18. The surfactant may include poly(oxypropylene)-poly(oxyethylene) adducts of ethylene diamine having a molecular weight about 7,500 to about 27,000 wherein at least about 40 weight percent of the adducts is poly(oxyethylene).

Abstract: A composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a cannabinoid and protocatechuic acid is provided. The disclosure further provides a method of treating inflammation comprising administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a cannabinoid and protocatechuic acid to a patient in need thereof. The disclosure further provides a method of treating inflammation including administering a composition including protocatechuic acid and a composition including a cannabinoid to a patient in need thereof. In embodiments, the composition including protocatechuic acid and the composition including a cannabinoid may be administered simultaneously within about 60 minutes of each other. In embodiments, the cannabinoid includes Cannabidiol (CBD).

Abstract: A composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a cannabinoid and protocatechuic acid is provided. The disclosure further provides a method of treating inflammation comprising administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a cannabinoid and protocatechuic acid to a patient in need thereof. The disclosure further provides a method of treating inflammation including administering a composition including protocatechuic acid and a composition including a cannabinoid to a patient in need thereof. In embodiments, the composition including protocatechuic acid and the composition including a cannabinoid may be administered simultaneously within about 60 minutes of each other. In embodiments, the cannabinoid includes Cannabidiol (CBD).

Abstract: In embodiments, a method of treating a disease or condition caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a mammal is disclosed including administering to the mammal a composition comprising protocatechuic acid crystals. The mammal may be a human. The composition may include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to methods of using compositions comprising protocatechuic acid (PCA) to kill virus including a Covid-19 virus. The compositions generally comprise protocatechuic acid, a liquid vehicle, and a stabilizer. In embodiments, the liquid vehicle comprises an alcohol and/or water. In preferred embodiments, the oil is an essential oil. In embodiments, the compositions may comprise principally protocatechuic acid, liquid vehicle, and stabilizer as the main ingredients. The compositions may be sprayed onto various products and articles of manufacture, and mammalian and human skin, to kill virus including a Covid-19 virus and to further protect the product or human skin for a period of time up to 24 hours or more. In preferred embodiments, an alcohol component kills virus on contact, and after drying, the residual surface PCA coating provides a continuing anti-viral function.

Abstract: A composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a cannabinoid and protocatechuic acid is provided. The disclosure further provides a method of treating inflammation comprising administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a cannabinoid and protocatechuic acid to a patient in need thereof. The disclosure further provides a method of treating inflammation including administering a composition including protocatechuic acid and a composition including a cannabinoid to a patient in need thereof. In embodiments, the composition including protocatechuic acid and the composition including a cannabinoid may be administered simultaneously within about 60 minutes of each other. In embodiments, the cannabinoid includes Cannabidiol (CBD).

Abstract: A method of disinfecting Candida auris is disclosed including treating a surface with a solution comprising 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester. The solution may further include protocatechuic acid. The solution may include an alcohol. The alcohol may include methanol, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol. The surface may include a solid surface, a porous or semi-porous surface, or a cloth-like surface. The surface may include a surface on skin, clothes, masks, a medical device, food processing equipment, hearing aid or a surgical implant. The surface may include a surface in a healthcare facility.

Abstract: A suture or a surgical or wound closure staple is disclosed that includes protocatechuic acid. The protocatechuic acid may be coated on, or impregnated in, the suture or wound closure staple. The suture or wound closure staple may include polypropylene, nylon, polyester, and/or braided polyester, catgut, 85/15 D,L lactide/glycolide, and/or 910 Vicryl. The protocatechuic acid may coat 25% or more of the surface of the suture or surgical staple. In embodiments, the protocatechuic acid may have a purity of 95% or greater. The protocatechuic acid may include crystalline protocatechuic acid.