Abstract: A process for reducing the concentration of benzene in a hydrocarbon stream, the process including: fractionating a reformate to form a benzene concentrate fraction comprising benzene and other C6 hydrocarbons, and a heavies fraction comprising C7+ hydrocarbons; and hydrogenating the benzene concentrate fraction to form a hydrocarbon fraction having a reduced benzene concentration.

Abstract: A process for the production of dialkyl ether, the process including: feeding a stream comprising an alkyl alcohol to a distillation column reactor system; concurrently in the distillation column reactor system: i) contacting the alkyl alcohol with a catalytic distillation structure in a distillation reaction zone thereby catalytically reacting at least a portion of the alkyl alcohol to form a corresponding dialkyl ether and water; and ii) fractionating the resulting dialkyl ether from the water; operating the distillation column reactor system to obtain substantially complete conversion of the alkyl alcohol to form the corresponding dialkyl ether and water; recovering the dialkyl ether from the distillation column reactor as an overheads fraction; recovering the water from the distillation column reactor as a bottoms fraction.

Abstract: A single stage process for treating pyrolysis gasoline containing acetylene, diolefins, sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds to react a sufficient amount of said acetylene and diolefins with hydrogen to produce saturated products and hydrogen sulfide to provide a pyrolysis gasoline product suitably for use as gasoline blending stock comprising: feeding pyrolysis gasoline and hydrogen at a mol ratio of hydrogen to pyrolysis gasoline of at least 0.5:1 and preferably in the range of 1:1 to 3:1 to a hydrodesulfurization zone containing a hydrodesulfurization catalyst such as cobalt/molybdenum under vapor phase conditions at a pressure in the range of 200 to 500 psig at a temperature in the range of 550° F. to 850° F. The operating temperature is at least above the dew point of the mixture of pyrolysis gasoline and hydrogen, preferably in a range 50 to 400° F. above said dew point.

Abstract: A single stage process for treating pyrolysis gasoline containing acetylene, diolefins, sulfur compounds and nitrogen compounds to react a sufficient amount of said acetylene and diolefins with hydrogen to produce saturated products and hydrogen sulfide to provide a pyrolysis gasoline product suitably for use as gasoline blending stock comprising: feeding pyrolysis gasoline and hydrogen at a mol ratio of hydrogen to pyrolysis gasoline of at least 0.5:1 and preferably in the range of 1:1 to 3:1 to a hydrodesulfurization zone containing a hydrodesulfurization catalyst such as cobalt/molybdenum under vapor phase conditions at a pressure in the range of 200 to 500 psig at a temperature in the range of 550° F. to 850° F. The operating temperature is at least above the dew point of the mixture of pyrolysis gasoline and hydrogen, preferably in a range 50 to 400° F. above said dew point.

Abstract: A process for reducing benzene content in a reformate stream, including: fractionating a full range reformate comprising benzene, C7 to C9 monoalkyl aromatics, and C10+ polyalkyl aromatics into at least three fractions including a light reformate fraction comprising the benzene; a medium reformate fraction comprising the C7 to C9 monoalkyl aromatics; and a heavy reformate fraction comprising the C10+ polyalkyl aromatics; feeding the light reformate fraction, the heavy reformate fraction and a transalkylation catalyst to a transalkylation reaction zone; contacting the light fraction and the heavy fraction in presence of the transalkylation catalyst in the transalkylation reaction zone to react at least a portion of the benzene with C10+ polyalkyl aromatics to form monoalkyl aromatics; separating an effluent from the transalkylation reaction zone to form a catalyst fraction and a liquid fraction comprising the monoalkyl aromatics.

Abstract: A process for producing an alkylate having a low Reid vapor pressure, the process including: contacting a C6+-containing hydrocarbon stream with a mixture of isopentane and isobutane in the presence of an acid catalyst in an alkylation reactor to form a dilute alkylate product, wherein the C6+-containing hydrocarbon stream includes at least one of oligomers of C3 to C5 olefins and a dilute alkylate produced by contacting an isoparaffin with at least one of C3 to C5 olefins and oligomers of C3 to C5 olefins; fractionating the dilute alkylate product to form an isobutane-rich fraction, a n-butane-rich fraction, a fraction containing isopentane, and an alkylate product having a Reid vapor pressure less than 0.35 bar (5 psi); recycling at least a portion of the fraction containing isopentane to the alkylation reactor.

Abstract: A process for treating an alkylation feedstock comprising olefins, n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, and impurities including one or more of butadiene, oxygenates, nitrogen-containing compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds, the process including: contacting an alkylation feedstock containing at least one of oxygenates and nitrogen-containing compounds with water to produce a hydrocarbon fraction having a reduced concentration of the at least one of oxygenates and nitrogen-containing compounds and an aqueous fraction comprising at least a portion of the at least one of oxygenates and nitrogen-containing compounds; separating water from the hydrocarbon fraction having a reduced concentration to produce a hydrocarbon fraction having a reduced water content; contacting the hydrocarbon fraction having a reduced water content with an oligomerization catalyst in a first oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions to react at least a portion of the olefins to form a reactor effluent comprising olefin oli

Abstract: A process for reformate benzene reduction, the process including: feeding a light reformate fraction, an olefin feed, and an alkylation catalyst to an alkylation reaction zone; contacting the light reformate fraction and the olefin feed in the presence of the alkylation catalyst in the alkylation reaction zone to convert at least a portion of the benzene and the olefin to a monoalkylate; recovering a catalyst fraction from an alkylation reaction zone effluent; and recovering a light reformate product having a reduced benzene content.

Abstract: A process for alkylation of propylene, the process including: contacting a stream comprising propylene and propane with sulfuric acid in a first reaction zone under conditions to form propylene sulfate esters; contacting the propylene sulfate esters with isoparaffin and sulfuric acid in an alkylation reaction zone under conditions to react the propylene sulfate esters and the isoparaffin to form a reactor effluent comprising an acid phase and a hydrocarbon phase comprising unreacted isoparaffin and alkylate product; separating the hydrocarbon phase from the sulfuric acid; separating the hydrocarbon phase to form a fraction comprising unreacted isoparaffin and a fraction comprising the alkylate product.

Abstract: A process for treating an alkylation feedstock comprising olefins, n-alkanes, and iso-alkanes, the process including: contacting at least a portion of the alkylation feedstock with sulfuric acid in a reaction zone under conditions to form sulfate esters of the olefins; separating the n-alkanes and the iso-alkanes from the sulfuric acid and the sulfate esters; recovering the n-alkanes and the iso-alkanes in a first product stream; and recovering the sulfate esters in a second product stream; wherein the sulfuric acid has a strength titrating as below 75 weight percent H2SO4/water mixtures.

Abstract: An internal static mixing system such as a disperser of mesh wire or expanded metal co-knit with a multi filament material selected from inert polymers, catalytic polymers, catalytic metals or mixtures in combination with a vertical reactor having a reaction zone and the disperser disposed in said reaction zone, particularly for carrying out paraffin alkylation using acid catalyst is disclosed. The wire mesh provides the structural integrity of the system as well as the open space required in reactors for the movement of vapors and liquids though the system. The disperser may be in sheets, bundles or bales or positioned within a frame.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of tertiary butyl alcohol to ethyl tertiary butyl ether, including: dehydrating tertiary butyl alcohol to form a product stream comprising isobutylene and water; separating the product stream to form an isobutylene-rich fraction and a water-rich fraction; separating the water-rich fraction to recover a hydrocarbon fraction and a water fraction having less than 1 ppm hydrocarbon content; reacting isobutylene in the isobutylene-rich fraction with ethanol to form a reaction product comprising ethyl tertiary butyl ether; separating the reaction product to recover unreacted ethanol and an ethyl tertiary butyl ether stream; and recycling at least a portion of the unreacted ethanol to the reacting; wherein the ethyl tertiary butyl ether stream comprises at least 99 weight percent ethyl tertiary butyl ether.

Abstract: A process for the dimerization of isoolefins, including: contacting an isoolefin with a solid catalyst composition passivated with at least one of an ether, an alcohol, and water; wherein the solid catalyst composition comprises at least one of a solid phosphoric acid catalyst and a resin of a macroporous matrix of polyvinyl aromatic compound crosslinked with a divinyl compound and having thereon from about 3 to 5 milli equivalents of sulfonic acid groups per gram of dry resin; and wherein at least 50% to less than 100% of acid groups in the solid catalyst composition are neutralized with a metal of Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, or mixtures thereof. The catalyst may be metalized prior to placement in a reactor or may be metalized in situ.

Abstract: A process for alkylation of benzene, including: feeding benzene, a polyalkylate, and a catalyst to a reactor comprising a first and a second reaction zone; reacting the benzene and the polyalkylate in the first reaction zone under transalkylation conditions to form a monoalkylate product; feeding a C2-C4 olefin to the reactor intermediate the first and second reaction zones; reacting benzene and the C2-C4 olefin in the second reaction zone under alkylation conditions to form additional monoalkylate product; recovering an effluent from the reactor, wherein the effluent comprises benzene, the monoalkylate product, any unreacted C2-C4 olefins, heavy hydrocarbons, and the catalyst; separating the catalyst from the effluent; separating the benzene from the monoalkylate product and the heavy hydrocarbons within the liquid effluent; separating the monoalkylate product from the heavy hydrocarbons within the liquid effluent; and recovering the monoalkylate product.

Abstract: A process for the alkylation of isobutane is disclosed wherein isobutane is fed to two separate alkylation systems. The effluent from the first alkylation system is fed to an interim debutanizer where the C4's are separated from the alkylate product. The overhead C4 product is then fed to the second alkylation system to provide the isobutane. The effluent from the second alkylation system is fed to a traditional deisobutanizer to prevent any build up of normal butanes in the system.

Abstract: A process for treating an alkylation feedstock comprising olefins, n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, and impurities including one or more of butadiene, oxygenates, nitrogen-containing compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds, the process including: contacting an alkylation feedstock containing at least one of oxygenates and nitrogen-containing compounds with water to produce a hydrocarbon fraction having a reduced concentration of the at least one of oxygenates and nitrogen-containing compounds and an aqueous fraction comprising at least a portion of the at least one of oxygenates and nitrogen-containing compounds; separating water from the hydrocarbon fraction having a reduced concentration to produce a hydrocarbon fraction having a reduced water content; contacting the hydrocarbon fraction having a reduced water content with an oligomerization catalyst in a first oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions to react at least a portion of the olefins to form a reactor effluent comprising olefin oli

Abstract: A process for alkylation of propylene, the process including: contacting a stream comprising propylene and propane with sulfuric acid in a first reaction zone under conditions to form propylene sulfate esters; contacting the propylene sulfate esters with isoparaffin and sulfuric acid in an alkylation reaction zone under conditions to react the propylene sulfate esters and the isoparaffin to form a reactor effluent comprising an acid phase and a hydrocarbon phase comprising unreacted isoparaffin and alkylate product; separating the hydrocarbon phase from the sulfuric acid; separating the hydrocarbon phase to form a fraction comprising unreacted isoparaffin and a fraction comprising the alkylate product.

Abstract: A process for reducing the concentration of benzene in a hydrocarbon stream, the process including: fractionating a reformate to form a benzene concentrate fraction comprising benzene and other C6 hydrocarbons, and a heavies fraction comprising C7+ hydrocarbons; and hydrogenating the benzene concentrate fraction to form a hydrocarbon fraction having a reduced benzene concentration.

Abstract: A process for reducing benzene content in a reformate stream, including: fractionating a full range reformate comprising benzene, C7 to C9 monoalkyl aromatics, and C10+ polyalkyl aromatics into at least three fractions including a light reformate fraction comprising the benzene; a medium reformate fraction comprising the C7 to C9 monoalkyl aromatics; and a heavy reformate fraction comprising the C10+ polyalkyl aromatics; feeding the light reformate fraction, the heavy reformate fraction and a transalkylation catalyst to a transalkylation reaction zone; contacting the light fraction and the heavy fraction in presence of the transalkylation catalyst in the transalkylation reaction zone to react at least a portion of the benzene with C10+ polyalkyl aromatics to form monoalkyl aromatics; separating an effluent from the transalkylation reaction zone to form a catalyst fraction and a liquid fraction comprising the monoalkyl aromatics.

Abstract: A process for alkylation of benzene, including: feeding benzene, a polyalkylate, and a catalyst to a reactor comprising a first and a second reaction zone; reacting the benzene and the polyalkylate in the first reaction zone under transalkylation conditions to form a monoalkylate product; feeding a C2-C4 olefin to the reactor intermediate the first and second reaction zones; reacting benzene and the C2-C4 olefin in the second reaction zone under alkylation conditions to form additional monoalkylate product; recovering an effluent from the reactor, wherein the effluent comprises benzene, the monoalkylate product, any unreacted C2-C4 olefins, heavy hydrocarbons, and the catalyst; separating the catalyst from the effluent; separating the benzene from the monoalkylate product and the heavy hydrocarbons within the liquid effluent; separating the monoalkylate product from the heavy hydrocarbons within the liquid effluent; and recovering the monoalkylate product.