Abstract: It has been discovered that metals and/or amines can be removed or transferred from a hydrocarbon phase to a water phase in an emulsion breaking process by using a composition that contains water-soluble hydroxyacids. Suitable water-soluble hydroxyacids include, but are not necessarily limited to glycolic acid, gluconic acid, C2-C4 alpha-hydroxy acids, poly-hydroxy carboxylic acids, thioglycolic acid, chloroacetic acid, polymeric forms of the above hydroxyacids, poly-glycolic esters, glycolate ethers, and ammonium salt and alkali metal salts of these hydroxyacids, and mixtures thereof. The composition may also include at least one mineral acid to reduce the pH of the desalter wash water. A solvent may be optionally included in the composition. The invention permits transfer of metals and/or amines into the aqueous phase with little or no hydrocarbon phase undercarry into the aqueous phase.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for settling suspended finely divided inorganic solid particles from a hydrocarbon slurry using an additive. The additive comprises (a) a hydroxy-terminated polyoxyalkylate chain(s) containing polymer having at least one oxygen atom and at least one nitrogen atom and, optionally, (b) other components such as a solvent, an acid or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an oil-in-water microemulsion composition for cleaning grease and oil with an optional deodorizing property. The composition comprises a cyclic organic solvent, an ether of an oligomeric glycol, a monoether of a monomeric glycol, a derivative of an aromatic sulfonic acid, water and, optionally, and a deodorizing additive.

Abstract: An additive is used in a method for settling suspended finely divided inorganic solid particles from a hydrocarbon slurry. The additive comprises (a) a hydroxy-terminated polyoxyalkylate chain(s) containing polymer having at least one oxygen atom and at least one nitrogen atom and, optionally, (b) other components such as a solvent, an acid or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for separating finely divided solids from a hydrocarbon slurry by using an additive that comprises a polymer and, optionally, an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid; and a composition of the additive thereof. The polymer is a polymer having (a) a polymeric backbone comprising polyol units and at least one unsaturated polycarboxylic unit, (b) acrylate units coordinated via unsaturated polycarboxylic units, and (c) oxyalkylated alkyl phenol units.

Abstract: Sour sulfhydryl group containing oils are treated with an effective amount of a sweetening, hydrogen sulfide vapor reducing quaternary ammonium compound of the formula ##STR1## (a) wherein (i) R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrocarbon groups including alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or arylalkyl groups, of up to 24 carbon atoms, and if an alkyl group, may include a cycloalkyl; with the proviso that two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be in saturated heterocyclic ring which includes said nitrogen atom and may also include an oxygen atom; and (ii) at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 has two or more carbon atoms; and (b) wherein R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently are hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group of up to six carbon atoms, with the proviso that two of R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 may be in a cycloalkane ring. The compounds used in this treatment are especially suitable for high boiling, heavy residual fuels under low mix conditions.

Abstract: Sour sulfhydryl-group containing oils are treated with an amount of hexamethylenetetramine effective to sweeten the oil and reduce headspace H.sub.2 S to a desired level.

Abstract: Sour sulfhydryl group containing oils and gases are treated with an effective amount of a sweetening, hydrogen sulfide quantity reducing aminocarbinol of the formulaR.sub.2 N--CH(--R.sup.1)OHwherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl or inertly substituted hydrocarbyl and each R is independently hydrocarbyl or inertly substituted hydrocarbyl or both R groups are collectively a divalent hydrocarbon or ether radical combined with the nitrogen of the aminocarbinol to form a heterocyclic ring represented by the formula(--R--R--)>N--CH(--R.sup.1)OH.The aminocarbinols used in this treatment are especially suitable for sour gases and high boiling, heavy residual fuels under low mix conditions.

Abstract: In accordance with this invention, a method is provided for decreasing hydrogen sulfide atmosphere, over sour heavy fuel oils to a predetermined acceptable level, which comprises treating such fuel oil with an effective amount of a choline base at a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the choline base. Surprisingly, this is effective to treat sour heavy fuel oils having atmospheric hydrogen sulfide content exceeding 5,000 ppm.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of the type found in petroleum oil refineries and other industrial operations are demulsified by adding thereto an effective amount of a mixture of these components comprising1. Tannin or amino methylated tannin2. A cationic polymer or blend of such polymers3. An alkoxylated triamino methane or other polyfunctional amines or hydroxy compounds.

Abstract: A method of chemically milling metal and particularly for chemically milling titanium and titanium alloys which comprises subjecting these metals to the action of an aqueous acidic medium containing ammonium bifluoride and a source of nitrate ions.