Abstract: An open-ear earphone includes a housing, a chamber is provided inside the housing, a speaker is provided inside the chamber and divides the chamber into a front chamber and a rear chamber. The housing is provided with a first sound hole and a second sound hole. The front chamber is communicated to the outside through the first sound hole, and the rear chamber is communicated to the outside through the second sound hole. The rear chamber includes a first volume down chamber and a second volume down chamber communicated to the first volume down chamber, and the first volume down chamber is located between the speaker and the second volume down chamber. The sound wave in backward motion generated by the speaker is transmitted to the outside from the second sound hole after being reduced by the first volume down chamber and the second volume down chamber.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive memory cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode that is spaced from the first electrode, a magnetic tunnel junction layer stack located between the first electrode and the second electrode, the magnetic tunnel junction layer stack containing, from one side to another, a reference layer having a fixed reference magnetization direction, a tunnel barrier layer comprising a dielectric material, and a free layer, and an asymmetric magnetoresistance layer located between the magnetic tunnel junction layer stack and one of the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide methods and apparatuses for offline payment authorization. In an implementation, a method comprising: obtaining wallet account information, a current account balance, and current credit information of a target electronic wallet account in response to determining that a current state of the target electronic wallet account satisfies a predetermined certificate delivery condition, determining an offline payment limit based on the current account balance and the current credit information, signing summary information by using a private key of a server to obtain an electronic wallet signature, generating a user certificate based on the summary information and the electronic wallet signature, and sending the user certificate to a terminal device associated with the target electronic wallet account for an offline account corresponding to the target electronic wallet account to make offline payment within the offline payment limit based on the user certificate.

Abstract: A method for forming a complex shape three-dimensional ceramic article by printing a first layer of a first material having a first fraction of first ceramic particles and a first fraction of a first polymeric ceramic precursor. A second layer is printed such that it is at least partially disposed on the first layer of a second material having a second fraction of second ceramic particles and a second fraction of a second polymeric ceramic precursor. A composite of the first layer and the second layer is heated at a temperature sufficient to decompose the first and second polymeric ceramic precursors and sinter the article. During the sintering process, the first and second layers with different fractions of ceramic particles undergo different degrees of shrinkage, resulting in a tuneable mismatch of the bilayer structure and accurately achieving a targeted geometry.

Abstract: A non-invasive time domain reflection probe calibration method includes: using different volume ratio of ethanol and deionized water mixed solution to calculate a test target's medium weight coefficient and waveguide length of the non-invasive time domain reflection probes; using different concentrations of NaCl solutions to calibrate a waveguide geometric dimensioning of the non-invasive time domain reflection probes; preparing compacted soil samples with known different moisture contents and densities, and calibrating a correlation parameter of compacted soil samples' dielectric constant and conductivity with moisture content and density. The method not only determines the sensitivity of the test target medium of the non-invasive time domain reflection probes, but also obtains the waveguide length and geometric dimensioning of the probe, and realizes an accurate test of moisture content and density of the soil.

Abstract: A method for intra prediction includes: enabling intra prediction, and determining occupancy information of a first number of neighboring nodes of a coded node; determining occupancy information of a second number of neighboring nodes of the coded node based on a position association between at least one neighboring node of the coded node and a child node of the coded node, where the first number is greater than the second number; and determining an occupancy prediction result of the child node of the coded node based on the occupancy information of the second number of neighboring nodes. An encoder for implementing the above method is also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method and device for intelligent control of heating furnace combustion based on a big data cloud platform, which relates to the technical field of artificial intelligence control. The method includes: construction of big data cloud platform based on production and operation parameters of the heating furnace; identification of key factors in the production process of the heating furnace by using big data mining technology; independent deployment of traditional heating furnace combustion control systems based on the mechanism model; and integration of cloud platform big data expert knowledge base and the heating furnace combustion intelligent control system.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for statistical distribution characterization of dendritic structures in original position of single crystal superalloy, and relates to the technical field of analysis of metal material composition and microstructure, comprising the following steps: step 1, processing a to-be-tested sample and determining a calibration coefficient; step 2, obtaining a two-dimensional element content distribution map of the to-be-tested sample; and step 3, determining the number and average spacing of primary dendrites. A composition distribution region analyzed in the present application is larger than the area of a distribution region of the traditional microscopic analysis method, and the sample preparation is simple. The distribution, number and average spacing of the primary dendrites can be obtained without metallographic corrosion sampling.

Abstract: A memory array is provided that includes a plurality of word lines and a plurality of bit lines, and a plurality of memory cells each including a corresponding magnetic memory element coupled in series with a corresponding selector element. Each memory cell is coupled between one of the word lines and one of the bit lines. Each memory cell has a half-pitch F, and comprises an area between 2F2 and 4F2.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive memory cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode that is spaced from the first electrode, a magnetic tunnel junction layer stack located between the first electrode and the second electrode, the magnetic tunnel junction layer stack containing, from one side to another, a reference layer having a fixed reference magnetization direction, a tunnel barrier layer comprising a dielectric material, and a free layer, and an asymmetric magnetoresistance layer located between the magnetic tunnel junction layer stack and one of the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A short-range communication method and apparatus are applied to the field of short-range communication, particularly related to scenarios such as smart driving, smart manufacturing, and can establish time-frequency synchronization between nodes in an entire network. The method includes: A first node receives at least one piece of node information from at least one node; and the first node controls the first node to establish time-frequency synchronization with a second node that is in the at least one node and that belongs to a second synchronization area, where node information from the second node includes synchronization information of the second synchronization area, and the synchronization information indicates at least one of a node identifier, a synchronization status, or a synchronization direction between nodes in the second synchronization area. This solution may be further used to improve an autonomous driving or advanced driver assistance system ADAS capability.

Abstract: An apparatus determines a timing offset of a first carrier and a second carrier. The timing offset is an offset between timing of downlink communication of the first carrier and timing of uplink communication of the second carrier. The first carrier is a carrier using a first radio access technology (RAT), and the second carrier is an uplink frequency division duplex (FDD) carrier using the first RAT and a second RAT. The apparatus sends first indication information to a terminal. The first indication information indicates the timing offset, and the timing offset is used to determine the timing of the second carrier.

Abstract: A device structure includes first electrically conductive lines, second electrically conductive lines that are vertically spaced apart from the first electrically conductive lines, a two-dimensional array of magnetic tunnel junctions located between the first electrically conductive lines and the second electrically conductive lines, and a two-dimensional array of selector elements located in series with the two-dimensional array of magnetic tunnel junctions. Each of the magnetic tunnel junctions includes a respective reference layer, a respective nonmagnetic tunnel barrier layer, and a respective free layer, and has a respective pair of first tapered planar sidewalls laterally extending along a first horizontal direction and a respective pair of second tapered planar sidewalls laterally extending along a second horizontal direction.

Abstract: A spin-orbit-torque (SOT) magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) device includes a SOT MRAM cell containing a first two terminal selector element, a nonmagnetic metallic assist plate, and a magnetic tunnel junction located between the first two terminal selector element and the nonmagnetic metallic assist plate, and a circuit selection element selected from a transistor or a second two terminal selector element electrically connected to the nonmagnetic metallic assist plate of the SOT MRAM cell.

Abstract: A method of forming a memory device includes forming vertical stacks each including a respective first electrically conductive line and a respective selector rail over a substrate, such that the vertical stacks laterally extend along a first horizontal direction and are laterally spaced apart from each other along a second horizontal direction, forming magnetic tunnel junction material layers over the vertical stacks, and patterning the magnetic tunnel junction material layers and an upper portion of each of the selector rails to form a two-dimensional array of magnetic tunnel junctions and periodic notches at least in an upper portion of each of the selector rails.

Abstract: Selector material layers are formed over the first electrically conductive lines, and magnetic tunnel junction material layers are formed over the selector material layers. The magnetic tunnel junction material layers are patterned into a two-dimensional array of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) pillar structures. A dielectric spacer material layer is deposited over the two-dimensional array of MTJ pillar structures. The dielectric spacer material layer and the selector material layers are anisotropically etched. Patterned portions of the selector material layers include a two-dimensional array of selector-containing pillar structures. Second electrically conductive lines are formed over the two-dimensional array of MTJ pillar structures.

Abstract: A first access network device determines a timing offset of a first carrier and a second carrier. The timing offset is an offset between timing of downlink communication of the first carrier and timing of uplink communication of the second carrier. The first carrier is a carrier using a first radio access technology (RAT), and the second carrier is an uplink frequency division duplex (FDD) carrier using the first RAT and a second RAT. The first access network device sends first indication information to a terminal. The first indication information indicates the timing offset, and the timing offset is used to determine the timing of the second carrier. Based on this scheme, the terminal can use a shared frequency band resource of LTE, thereby improving resource utilization.

Abstract: Disclosed are a soft bistable magnetic actuator, a fabrication method thereof, a fatigue testing device, and an auto underwater vehicle. The method for fabricating the soft bistable magnetic actuator includes the following operations: casting a soft precursor by injection molding, wherein the soft precursor consists of a soft deformable portion and a soft peripheral portion surrounded, the soft deformable portion is made of magnetic particles and polymer, and the soft peripheral portion is made of a magnetic particle, a mixture of organic liquid, and polymer; and extracting the organic liquid by an organic solvent shrinks the soft peripheral portion, buckles the soft deformable portion towards one side.

Abstract: A method for forming a complex shape three-dimensional ceramic article by printing a first layer of a first material having a first fraction of first ceramic particles and a first fraction of a first polymeric ceramic precursor. A second layer is printed such that it is at least partially disposed on the first layer of a second material having a second fraction of second ceramic particles and a second fraction of a second polymeric ceramic precursor. A composite of the first layer and the second layer is heated at a temperature sufficient to decompose the first and second polymeric ceramic precursors and sinter the article. During the sintering process, the first and second layers with different fractions of ceramic particles undergo different degrees of shrinkage, resulting in a tuneable mismatch of the bilayer structure and accurately achieving a targeted geometry.