Abstract: A chemically bonded ceramic material based on calcium aluminate hydrate with additives of primarily calcium titanate, but also chemically similar compounds. The material is a biocompatible material for implants, particularly for orthopaedic and dental applications. The material possesses the properties required for an orthopaedic biocement. It cures through reaction with water and develops its strength within a short period of time, has good workability prior to curing, is shape stable, has a low heat generation during curing, and is friendly to adjacent tissues.

Abstract: A system for a chemically bonded ceramic material (CBC), comprising a composite biomaterial for preferably dental and/or orthopaedic applications. The CBC-system includes a binding (chemical cement) and inert phases with specified geometry providing the biomaterial defect tolerance through an improved fracture toughness. The invention also relates to the powdered materials and the hydration liquid, respectively, as well as the formed ceramic material.

Abstract: A chemically bonded biomaterial element composed of an inorganic cement, exhibiting minimal dimensional changes upon hardening and long-time use, improved mechanical properties and improved translucency. An algorithm to describe the micro-structure is expressed as ? = d * ( 1 - V F ) ( V F ) where ? is the distance between filler particles of mean size d, and VF is the volume content of non-reacted cement and added filler, and where ??10 ?m. The invention also relates to a device in connection with the preparation of a chemically bonded biomaterial element according to the invention.

Abstract: Method for the production of a chemically bound ceramic material by means of reaction between a binding phase of one or more powdered binding agents and a liquid reacting with these binding agents, a quantity of powder containing said binding phase being suspended in said liquid so that all powder grains are brought into close contact with the liquid, whereupon the slurry thus obtained is drained so that the majority of surplus reacting liquid is removed, and is compacted during final draining, before the material is permitted to harden by reaction between said binding phase and the remaining liquid. One or more expansion-compensating additives, adapted to give the material dimensionally stable long-term properties, are mixed into said powder, prior to or in conjunction with its suspension in the liquid. The invention also relates to the product of the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing improved bioactive composite materials based on apatite, mainly for supporting functions in dental and orthopaedic applications, by adapting closure temperature and applying of pressure in closed systems using the production methods, according to reaction tendencies of the materials at their production, and by possibly further counteracting such reaction tendencies and tendencies for decomposition by additions of helping agents.

Abstract: Surface coating method for deposition of a chemically bonded ceramic coating on a substrate, includes the steps of preparing a curable coating slurry, depositing a coating of the slurry on at least a section of the substrate surface, and hardening the slurry. The step of preparing a curable coating slurry includes mixing calcium aluminate powder with water and at least one water-reducing-agent, such that a water-to-cement ratio in the range of 0.1 to 0.9 is achieved.

Abstract: A chemically bonded ceramic material based on calcium aluminate hydrate with additives of primarily calcium titanate, but also chemically similar compounds. The material is a biocompatible material for implants, particularly for orthopaedic and dental applications. The material possesses the properties required for an orthopaedic biocement. It cures through reaction with water and develops its strength within a short period of time, has good workability prior to curing, is shape stable, has a low heat generation during curing, and is friendly to adjacent tissues.

Abstract: Powdered material, the binder phase of which mainly consists of a cement-based system, which powdered material has the capacity following saturation with a liquid reacting with the binder phase to hydrate to a chemically bonded ceramic material, preferably for dental purposes. According to the invention the powdered material has a composition and/or structure suitable for giving the ceramic material translucence in the hydrated state. The invention also relates to the ceramic material produced by hydration of the powdered material.

Abstract: Powdered material, the binder phase of which mainly consists of a cement-based system, which powdered material has the capacity following saturation with a liquid reacting with the binder phase to hydrate to a radiopaque and chemically bonded ceramic material. According to the invention, said binder phase mainly consists of CaO.Al2O3 (ss) and/or 3CaO.Al2O3 (ss). The material also contains one or more heavy atom types with a density over 5 g/cm3. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the powdered material and the chemically bonded ceramic material formed from the powdered material, in which said binder phase has a mol ratio Al2O3.3H2O (ss) to 3CaO.Al2O3.6H2O (ss) of a maximum of 2:1.

Abstract: The invention describes a low temperature method for producing multi-layered or multi-phased coatings. With the technique according to the present invention, surface coatings with controlled variations in terms of chemical composition, phase composition, porosity, surface roughness, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, etc can be achieved. The method of coating a substrate surface comprising the steps of preparing one powder mixture, or several powder mixtures having different chemical composition, wherein at least one of said powder mixtures comprise a non-hydrated hydraulic ceramic powder binder phase, pre-treating a substrate surface, to increase the adhesion between the substrate and the ceramic coating, applying one or more different layers on top of each other of the non-hydrated powder mixture on the substrate, and finally, hydrating the powder layer/layers in a curing agent containing ions of carbonates, phosphates or fluorides.

Abstract: The invention describes a low temperature method for producing multi-layered or multi-phased coatings. With the technique according to the present invention, surface coatings with controlled variations in terms of chemical composition, phase composition, porosity, surface roughness, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, etc can be achieved. The method of coating a substrate surface comprises the steps of preparing several powder mixtures of different chemical composition containing at least a non-hydrated hydraulic ceramic powder binder phase, pre-treating a substrate surface, to increase the adhesion between the substrate and the ceramic coating, applying said non-hydrated powder mixtures of different chemical composition on the substrate as layers on top of each other, and finally, hydrating the powder layers in a curing agent.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to injectable heat generating biocompatible ceramic compositions based on hydraulic calcium aluminate, which can be used for therapeutic treatment in vivo, such as tumour treatment, pain control, vascular treatment, drug activation etc, when curing in situ, and which form a biocompatible solid material that can be left in the body for prolonged periods of time without causing negative health effects. The present invention can also be used to restore the mechanical properties of the skeleton after cancerous diseases.

Abstract: Biocompatible cement compositions in a hardened state for filling an orthopaedic cavity and fixating a medical implant in the skeletal bone, by mixing fixation grains (granules) with a biocement slurry or paste, either inside or outside an orthopaedic cavity. A medical implant can be inserted into the grains either before or after the addition of the biocement slurry or paste. The biocompatible cement compositions achieve both high initial fixation strength, as well as a fixation providing long-term stability and biocompatibility, without any negative health effects. The biocompatible cement compositions can suitably be used for filling orthopaedic cavities due to for example osteoporosis, cancer, fractures or other types of bone defects, and can also be used for fixating general orthopaedic and dental implants.

Abstract: Surface coating method for applying a chemically bonded ceramic coating on a substrate, comprising the steps of preparing a powder mixture based on a hydraulic ceramic binder phase, preparing a substrate surface, applying at least one layer of the powder mixture on the substrate, and finally hydrating the powder layer/layers by addition of a water-based solution. The present invention method can be applied without using elevated temperatures, complicated and complex equipment, while maintaining control over the microstructure of the coating. The inventive procedure can suitably be used for producing general orthopaedic and dental implants. The inventive coatings can also be used in microstructure technology applications or in wear and friction applications.

Abstract: Chemically bound ceramic system, the binder phase of which essentially consisting of a cement based system, which material comprises one or more expansion compensating additives adapted to give the material dimension stable long time properties.

Abstract: Method for the production of a chemically bound ceramic material by means of reaction between a binding phase of one or more powdered binding agents and a liquid reacting with these binding agents, a quantity of powder containing said binding phase being suspended in said liquid so that all powder grains are brought into close contact with the liquid, whereupon the slurry thus obtained is drained so that the majority of surplus reacting liquid is removed, and is compacted during final draining, before the material is permitted to harden by reaction between said binding phase and the remaining liquid. One or more expansion-compensating additives, adapted to give the material dimensionally stable long-term properties, are mixed into said powder, prior to or in conjunction with its suspension in the liquid. The invention also relates to the product of the method.

Abstract: Raw compact (3) comprising a binding phase of one or more powdered binding agents, which raw compact has the capacity, following saturation with a liquid reacting with binding agents, to form a chemically bound ceramic material, and which raw compact preferably has a degree of compactness of 55-67 percent by volume solid phase. According to the invention, the raw compact (3) also comprises one or more expansion-compensating additives adapted to give the material dimensionally stable long-term properties. The invention also relates to a method of manufacture of the ceramic material, and a compaction device and a compaction body for compacting the saturated raw compacts.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to make available implant elements or other medical products made of biological material with optimum mechanical and biological properties for a wide group of materials by introduction of a specially designed surface layer onto a strong core, where the surface layer is densified by means of hot isostatic pressing and dimensioned according to the basic fracture mechanics equation so that the thickness of the surface layer is less than c in the equation KIC=Y&sgr; c½, where Klc is the fracture toughness, Y a position and shape factor, c the critical defect size, and &sgr; the permitted stress for the actual material and the chosen design stress.

Abstract: Implant intended to be fixed through contact with new grown bone tissue comprising a dense material having an implant surface, and having, at least within a surface portion of the implant surface, surface pores covering at least 5% of the surface portion. The surface pores constitute a contact surface for new grown bone tissue, wherein close to at least a substantial fraction of all of the surface pores has at least one elevation extending over the implant surface which completely or at least partially surrounds an edge of the pore. Each elevation has a rough surface which causes formation of soft tissue when the implant surface is in contact with newly growing bone tissue.

Abstract: A device for the manufacture of extruded bodies from a plastic material or a damp pulp, comprising, arranged at an outlet end of a container for the material or the pulp, an output device (18) with a number of output wings (19) driven by a rotatably driven shaft and at an axial distance from the output device a rotatably driven extrusion device (20) with a number of extrusion wings, of which the outer ends during rotation of the extrusion device sweep closely around the inside of a surrounding cylindrical and perforated wall in order to press out to the space surrounding the wall the fed-out material through perforations in the wall. A stationary guide rail arrangement (16) is provided between the output device (18) and the extrusion device (20) and the output device and extrusion device are driven in the same direction of rotation. The output wings (19) have inclined surfaces (30) which, seen in the direction of rotation, form an acute angle (.alpha.