Abstract: An image forming apparatus and method for controlling an image forming apparatus is provided. The image forming apparatus includes a detecting unit, a projecting unit, and a control unit. The detecting unit is configured to detect an event that needs user work on the image forming apparatus. The projecting unit is configured to project an image onto a projection target. The control unit is configured to control projection by the projecting unit. When an event that needs user work on the image forming apparatus is detected, the projecting unit projects an image onto a projection target so that a target portion of the user work can be identified and also projects an instruction image for performing the user work.

Abstract: The problems in accordance with the present invention are: to provide a DLC film, wherein a protective film having a segmented shape is easily formed, quality control of the protective film is improved, segmented shapes with a high degree of freedom (that are complicated) are possible, and the application of the DLC film is possible not only to two-dimensional shapes but also to three-dimensional shapes; and to provide a method for forming the DLC film. As solutions to the problems, there are provided a protective film and a method for producing the protective film, characterized by, when forming on a substrate the protective film having a segmented shape formed by depositing a film so that the film is formed divided into segments, masking the substrate using a drawing material so that segments having predetermined shapes are obtained, thereafter depositing the protective film, and then removing the masked part to form a spacing between segments.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for production of a colored polyimide molded article including the steps of molding a polyamic acid solution composition containing a polyamic acid solution obtained from at least a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component and a coloring precursor, or a polyimide solution composition containing a polyimide solution and a coloring precursor; and then thermally treating a molded product at 250° C. or higher.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for production of a colored polyimide molded article including the steps of molding a polyamic acid solution composition containing a polyamic acid solution obtained from at least a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component and a coloring precursor, or a polyimide solution composition containing a polyimide solution and a coloring precursor; and then thermally treating a molded product at 250° C. or higher.

Abstract: A porous polyimide film having a three-layer structure that comprises two surface layers (a) and (b) and a macrovoid layer sandwiched between the surfaces layers (a) and (b). The macrovoid layer has a partition wall bonding to the surface layers (a) and (b), and multiple macrovoids each surrounded by the partition wall and the surface layers (a) and (b) and having a mean pore size in the film plane direction of from 10 to 500 ?m. The partition wall of the macrovoid layer has a thickness of from 0.1 to 50 ?m and has multiple pores having a mean pore size of from 0.01 to 50 ?m. The surface layers (a) and (b) each have a thickness of from 0.1 to 50 ?m, at least one of the surface layers has multiple pores having a mean pore size of from more than 5 ?m to 200 ?m, and the other surface layer has multiple pores having a mean pore size of from 0.01 to 200 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spacer member reducing fretting wear and fastened structures using a spacer member, furthermore, the present invention provides a spacer member 1 sandwiched between contact surfaces 7 of contact materials 6 subject to abrasion and suffering from wear and provided with sliding and vibrating surfaces 2, 2 characterized in that the sliding or vibrating surfaces (2, 2) of the spacer member 1 have a higher hardness than at least one of the contact surfaces (7) of the first contact material (6) and the second contact material (6?) and the sliding or vibrating surfaces (2, 2) of the spacer member 1 have a lower coefficient of friction and a higher flatness than at least one of the contact surfaces (7) of the first contact material (6) and the second contact material (6?), whereby the sliding or vibrating surfaces 2, 2 of the spacer member 1 do not easily wear down the contact surfaces 7 of the contact materials 6.

Abstract: Disclosed is a porous polyimide membrane of a three-layer structure having two surface layers (a) and (b) and a macrovoid layer interposed between the surface layers (a) and (b), wherein the macrovoid layer has a partition wall joined to the surface layers (a) and (b) and plural macrovoids surrounded by the partition wall and the surface layers (a) and (b), with an average void diameter in a membrane plane direction of from 10 to 500 ?m; each of the partition wall of the macrovoid layer and the surface layers (a) and (b) has a thickness of from 0.1 to 50 ?m and has plural pores having an average pore diameter of from 0.01 to 5 ?m, the pores being communicated with each other and also communicated with the macrovoids; and the membrane has a total membrane thickness of from 5 to 500 ?m and a porosity of from 70 to 95%.

Abstract: A porous polyimide film having a three-layer structure that comprises two surface layers (a) and (b) and a macrovoid layer sandwiched between the surfaces layers (a) and (b). The macrovoid layer has a partition wall bonding to the surface layers (a) and (b), and multiple macrovoids each surrounded by the partition wall and the surface layers (a) and (b) and having a mean pore size in the film plane direction of from 10 to 500 ?m. The partition wall of the macrovoid layer has a thickness of from 0.1 to 50 ?m and has multiple pores having a mean pore size of from 0.01 to 50 ?m. The surface layers (a) and (b) each have a thickness of from 0.1 to 50 ?m, at least one of the surface layers has multiple pores having a mean pore size of from more than 5 ?m to 200 ?m, and the other surface layer has multiple pores having a mean pore size of from 0.01 to 200 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for production of a colored polyimide molded article including the steps of molding a polyamic acid solution composition containing a polyamic acid solution obtained from at least a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component and a coloring precursor, or a polyimide solution composition containing a polyimide solution and a coloring precursor; and then thermally treating a molded product at 250° C. or higher.

Abstract: The problems in accordance with the present invention are: to provide a DLC film, wherein a protective film having a segmented shape is easily formed, quality control of the protective film is improved, segmented shapes with a high degree of freedom (that are complicated) are possible, and the application of the DLC film is possible not only to two-dimensional shapes but also to three-dimensional shapes; and to provide a method for forming the DLC film. As solutions to the problems, there are provided a protective film and a method for producing the protective film, characterized by, when forming on a substrate the protective film having a segmented shape formed by depositing a film so that the film is formed divided into segments, masking the substrate using a drawing material so that segments having predetermined shapes are obtained, thereafter depositing the protective film, and then removing the masked part to form a spacing between segments.

Abstract: Disclosed is a porous polyimide membrane of a three-layer structure having two surface layers (a) and (b) and a macrovoid layer interposed between the surface layers (a) and (b), wherein the macrovoid layer has a partition wall joined to the surface layers (a) and (b) and plural macrovoids surrounded by the partition wall and the surface layers (a) and (b), with an average void diameter in a membrane plane direction of from 10 to 500 ?m; each of the partition wall of the macrovoid layer and the surface layers (a) and (b) has a thickness of from 0.1 to 50 ?m and has plural pores having an average pore diameter of from 0.01 to 5 ?m, the pores being communicated with each other and also communicated with the macrovoids; and the membrane has a total membrane thickness of from 5 to 500 ?m and a porosity of from 70 to 95%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a diamond-like carbon film forming apparatus and a method of forming a diamond-like carbon film. A diamond-like carbon film forming apparatus using plasma chemical vapor deposition of the present invention is provided with a member (4) comprised of a substrate (2) surrounded by a conductive mask material (3) and a DC single pulse power supply (6) and superimposition DC power supply (26) and/or high frequency power supply (7) for supplying power voltage with the wall of the chamber (5) of the diamond-like carbon film forming apparatus, which apparatus selects and applies to the member (4) either a negative single pulse voltage from the DC single pulse power supply (6) and said superimposition DC power supply (26) or a high frequency voltage of the high frequency power supply (7) so as to form a segment structure diamond-like carbon film on the substrate (2) surrounded by the mask material (3).

Abstract: A mold material is mounted on a mold material mount portion of a cutting/working apparatus and rotated about the C-axis serving as the rotation center while a cutting tool is driven and moved in directions X and Y. Then, a desired position of the mold material is cut with the cutting tool at a relatively formed desired cutting speed and elliptically vibrated/cut with the cutting tool, for forming a Fresnel lens molding cavity having an opening of a desired shape and a working surface (concave surface, for example) of a desired shape. The productivity of an optical component mold employed as the structure can be efficiently improved when the mold for molding an optical component such as a Fresnel lens is worked by cutting the mold material employed as a workpiece with the cutting tool in a four-spindle lathe-type cutting/working apparatus including X-, Y-, Z- and C-axes of rotation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a spacer member reducing fretting wear and fastened structures using a spacer member, furthermore, the present invention provides a spacer member 1 sandwiched between contact surfaces 7 of contact materials 6 subject to abrasion and suffering from wear and provided with sliding and vibrating surfaces 2, 2 characterized in that the sliding or vibrating surfaces (2, 2) of the spacer member 1 have a higher hardness than at least one of the contact surfaces (7) of the first contact material (6) and the second contact material (6?) and the sliding or vibrating surfaces (2, 2) of the spacer member 1 have a lower coefficient of friction and a higher flatness than at least one of the contact surfaces (7) of the first contact material (6) and the second contact material (6?), whereby the sliding or vibrating surfaces 2, 2 of the spacer member 1 do not easily wear down the contact surfaces 7 of the contact materials 6.

Abstract: A metal-supported porous carbon film wherein metal fine particles with a mean particle diameter of 0.7-20 nm are dispersed and supported on pore surface walls, fuel cell electrodes employing the metal-supported porous carbon film, a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the fuel cell electrodes bonded on both sides of a polymer electrolyte film, and a fuel cell comprising the fuel cell electrode as a constituent element. The support structure is such that metal fine particles having a controlled particle size are uniformly supported to allow effective utilization of the metal-based catalyst, and the fabrication steps are simple.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided relating to polishing a substrate using a polishing device, such as a polishing tape. The polishing device may be formed to include a base, a resin layer adhering to the base, and a plurality of embossed abrasive particles and/or abrasive beads affixed to the base by the resin layer. The plurality of abrasive particles and/or beads may be embossed in the resin layer. The plurality of abrasive beads may include a plurality of abrasive particles suspended in binder material. The plurality of abrasive particles and/or beads and the resin layer combine to form an abrasive side of the polishing device adapted to contact the substrate. Polishing of the substrate preferably includes polishing an edge of the substrate while the substrate is rotated by a holding device such that no apparatus other than the polishing tape contacts the edge while the substrate is rotating.

Abstract: In a method of working a structure, a mold material is mounted on a mold material mount portion of a cutting/working apparatus and rotated about the C-axis serving as the rotation center while a cutting tool is driven and moved in directions X and Y. Then, a desired position of the mold material is cut with the cutting tool at a relatively formed desired cutting speed and elliptically vibrated/cut with the cutting tool, for forming a Fresnel lens molding cavity having an opening of a desired shape and a working surface (concave surface, for example) of a desired shape. According to this method, the productivity of an optical component mold employed as the structure can be efficiently improved when the mold for molding an optical component such as a Fresnel lens is worked by cutting the mold material employed as a workpiece with the cutting tool in a four-spindle lathe-type cutting/working apparatus including X-, Y-, Z- and C-axes of rotation.

Abstract: A metal-supported porous carbon film wherein metal fine particles with a mean particle diameter of 0.7-20 nm are dispersed and supported on pore surface walls, fuel cell electrodes employing the metal-supported porous carbon film, a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the fuel cell electrodes bonded on both sides of a polymer electrolyte film, and a fuel cell comprising the fuel cell electrode as a constituent element. The support structure is such that metal fine particles having a controlled particle size are uniformly supported to allow effective utilization of the metal-based catalyst, and the fabrication steps are simple.

Abstract: An elliptical vibratory cutting apparatus includes a control mechanism which applies a sinusoidal voltage having a predetermined phase difference to piezoelectric elements. Flexure vibrations are accordingly generated in X and Y directions. The vibrations in the X direction cause interference with the vibrations in the Y direction and vice versa. An amount of interference, caused by vibrations in one direction, with vibrations in another direction, is correctively eliminated by the control mechanism (interference eliminating unit. A workpiece is thus cut by means of a cutting tool through elliptical vibrations with high precision.

Abstract: A cutting blade is fixed on a shaft that rotates about its shaft center, and that is linearly advanced by an advancing movement. The shaft's center further revolves with a small radius of revolution at a rapid predetermined rate of revolution greater than the rate of advancing movement. Thus the blade is pressed against and cuts a substrate and produces chips, and the blade is intermittently disengaged from the substrate whereby the chips move in the direction in which the blade rotates to be removed from between the cutting edge of the blade and the substrate. This reduces working resistance, enhances working efficiency, and prevents the blade surface from having significant frictional heat. Furthermore, the generated frictional heat can readily dissipate and the blade can thus have a long life.