Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser device includes a first reflective mirror layer, a second reflective mirror layer, and an active layer disposed therebetween, wherein at least one of the first reflective mirror layer and the second reflective mirror layer includes a periodic-refractive-index structure in which the refractive index periodically changes in the in-plane direction and a part of the periodic-refractive-index structure includes a plurality of parts that disorder the periodicity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sensor device for detecting a substance contained in a fluid comprising a first photonic crystal region, a second photonic crystal region, a first channel which is connected to the first photonic crystal region, and passes the fluid containing the substance therein, a second channel which is connected to the second photonic crystal region, and passes a fluid for reference therein, an optical waveguide which is connected to the first photonic crystal region and the second photonic crystal region, and guides light, and a detecting section for detecting a difference between a light which has passed through the optical waveguide and the first photonic crystal region and a light which has passed through the optical waveguide and the second photonic crystal region.

Abstract: There is provided an optical information recording medium which can meet opposite requirements of enhancement in ink absorption and fixation properties of an image forming layer and suppression and prevention of solid attachment of a printed portion, which has excellent printability to obtain high image quality and an excellent holding property of the printed portion, and which little makes the solid attachment on the printed surface layer occur. At this time, a thick layer can be formed even by the use of a coating solution for the image forming layer. The optical information recording medium has the image forming layer on various layers stacked on a surface of a light transmitting substrate and optically readable signals are recorded or can be recorded therein by the use of laser beams incident on the other surface of the light transmitting substrate, wherein the image forming layer includes an ink absorbing porous layer made of a resin layer containing vapor inorganic particles.

Abstract: A rubber composition for an inner liner improving rolling resistance performance of a tire and further improving processability is provided. A rubber composition for an inner liner comprising at least 30 parts by weight of silica having a BET specific surface area of less than 150 m2/g and at most 5 parts by weight or less of carbon black based on 100 parts by weight of a rubber component comprising a natural rubber and a tire having an inner liner comprising the same.

Abstract: There is provided a rubber composition in which strength and weather resistance are improved and the use of petroleum resource is suppressed as much as possible, and a tire comprising thereof. A rubber composition comprising 3 to 12 parts by weight of a pigment derived from resources other than petroleum, 10 parts by weight or less of carbon black and 30 parts by weight or more of silica based on 100 parts by weight of rubber components comprising an epoxidized natural rubber and/or a natural rubber.

Abstract: There is provided a rubber composition for a tread having excellent hardness and improving the processability and grip performance of a tire, and a tire comprising thereof. A rubber composition for a tread comprising 30 to 80 parts by weight of silica having a BET specific surface area of less than 150 m2/g and 10 parts by weight or less of carbon black based on 100 parts by weight of a rubber component comprising an epoxidized natural rubber, and a tire comprising thereof.

Abstract: In a layered board, an insulating layer is interposed between a first layer capable of transmitting an electrical signal or an optical signal and a second layer capable of transmitting the electrical signal or the optical signal, interconnection of the signal between the first layer and the second layer is established through a signal connecting path penetrating the insulating layer, and the signal connecting path has both a function of transmitting the electrical signal and a function of transmitting the optical signal. An apparatus including the layered board may be constructed as a cellular phone.

Abstract: In a layered board, an insulating layer is interposed between a first layer capable of transmitting an electrical signal or an optical signal and a second layer capable of transmitting the electrical signal or the optical signal, interconnection of the signal between the first layer and the second layer is established through a signal connecting path penetrating the insulating layer, and the signal connecting path has both a function of transmitting the electrical signal and a function of transmitting the optical signal.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium includes: a substrate having a pre-groove formed thereon; an optical recording layer containing a dye; and a light reflecting layer. The medium has a ratio of a modulation degree at a maximum recording speed to a modulation degree at a minimum recording speed, which is from 1.1 to 1.7.

Abstract: There is provided a pneumatic tire capable of achieving both reduced rolling resistance and enhanced durability and a method of producing the same. The pneumatic tire includes a reinforcement layer, formed of a steel cord coated with coating rubber, including at least one of a carcass, a bead reinforcement layer, a side reinforcement layer and a belt, with said coating rubber formed of a rubber compound containing 100 parts by mass of diene rubber, 30 to 80 parts by mass of silica having a nitrogen surface area of at least 70 m2/g and at most 150 m2/g, 1 to 15 parts by mass of a silane coupling agent, and organic acid cobalt salt. Preferably the steel cord has a cut edge of a breaker coated with an edge strip of rubber.

Abstract: There is provided a studless tire that is excellent especially in performance on a snow or ice road. A studless tire, wherein non-metal staple fibers having an average fiber diameter of 1 to 100 ?m and an average length of 0.1 to 5 mm are dispersed in a diene rubber in such a way that the non-metal staple fibers are oriented in a thickness direction of a tread, a complex elastic modulus E1 in the thickness direction of the tread and an elastic module E2 in a circumferential direction of the tire measured at 25° C. satisfy the equation 1.1?E1/E2?4, and hardness of the tread rubber measured at ?10° C. is 45 to 75 degrees.

Abstract: An electronic circuit board having an optical wiring layer sandwiched between two electrical wiring layers. The optical wiring layer is structured to be a two-dimensional optical waveguide. An E/O device and an O/E device are provided in the optical wiring layer or at an interface between the optical wiring layer and the electrical wiring layer. A via piercing the optical wiring layer connects the two electrical wiring layers. It is possible to efficiently input and output light to and from an optical wiring layer.

Abstract: A photonic circuit board comprises a connection setting circuit, a group of electric wires for connecting the connection setting circuit and a plurality of devices, an optical I/O (input/output) device connected to the connection setting circuit and a two dimensional optical transmission medium connected to the optical I/O device and adapted to transmit optical signals. The connection setting circuit includes a circuit capable of changing the mode of connection of the group of electric wires and the optical I/O device.

Abstract: In a layered board, an insulating layer is interposed between a first layer capable of transmitting an electrical signal or an optical signal and a second layer capable of transmitting the electrical signal or the optical signal, interconnection of the signal between the first layer and the second layer is established through a signal connecting path penetrating the insulating layer, and the signal connecting path has both a function of transmitting the electrical signal and a function of transmitting the optical signal.

Abstract: The semiconductor device of the present invention comprises an optical transmission region, and a light receiving part for converting light propagating through the optical transmission region to an electrical signal, wherein the optical transmission region comprises a two-dimensional optical waveguide layer, and wherein at least a portion of the light receiving part is embedded in the optical transmission region, whereby the present invention can provide a semiconductor device having reduced direction dependency when light propagating through the optical transmission region is received.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium has light interference layers including a recording layer on a substrate. The recording layer includes an organic dye and a photostabilizer which is, for example, the compound of formula 1 wherein at least one of R1 to R8 represents a substituted alkyl group having a terminal cyano group, with the others represent other substituents; Y represents a monovalent or divalent cation; and Xm? represents a monovalent or divalent anion.

Abstract: An electronic circuit board having an optical wiring layer sandwiched between two electrical wiring layers. The optical wiring layer is structured to be a two-dimensional optical waveguide. An E/O device and an O/E device are provided in the optical wiring layer or at an interface between the optical wiring layer and the electrical wiring layer. A via piercing the optical wiring layer connects the two electrical wiring layers. It is possible to efficiently input and output light to and from an optical wiring layer.

Abstract: The semiconductor device of the present invention comprises an optical transmission region, and a light receiving part for converting light propagating through the optical transmission region to an electrical signal, wherein the optical transmission region comprises a two-dimensional optical waveguide layer, and wherein at least a portion of the light receiving part is embedded in the optical transmission region, whereby the present invention can provide a semiconductor device having reduced direction dependency when light propagating through the optical transmission region is received.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium includes a substrate having a pregroove thereon, an optical recording layer containing a light-absorbing substance composed of a dye absorbing a laser beam, and a light-reflective layer reflecting the laser beam. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the optical recording layer (i.e., the dye) in the pregroove to the cross-sectional area of the pregroove in the direction of the diameter of the optical information recording medium is about 30% to about 63%. In the optical information recording medium, the phenomenon by which the recording power of the laser beam heats the dye in the optical recording layer and the heat is diffused through the optical recording layer and the light-reflective layer is considered.

Abstract: The semiconductor device of the present invention comprises an optical transmission region, and a light receiving part for converting light propagating through the optical transmission region to an electrical signal, wherein the optical transmission region comprises a two-dimensional optical waveguide layer, and wherein at least a portion of the light receiving part is embedded in the optical transmission region, whereby the present invention can provide a semiconductor device having reduced direction dependency when light propagating through the optical transmission region is received.