Abstract: A hydrogen injection scheme can be employed via use of one or more injectors for injecting hydrogen to help entrain local mass while also generating local turbulence that can enhance mixing with a mixture of air and fuel to facilitate enhanced lean combustion, lower peak flame temperatures of combustion, and reduce nitrous oxide (NOx) emissions from the combustion of fuel. In some embodiments, the hydrogen can be injected to help transport heat released during combustion away from the injector to help avoid injector overheating as well. Different injectors can be utilized to provide a desired hydrogen injection scheme for a particular set of design and operational criteria for a gas turbine system or at least one combustion system that can be utilized in a gas turbine system.

Abstract: A burner including a first pulverized coal entrained fluid flow conduit; an inner hydrogen conduit; and a hydrogen oxidant conduit positioned between the first pulverized coal entrained fluid flow conduit and the inner hydrogen conduit; an outlet of the inner hydrogen conduit positioned a first distance from an outlet of the hydrogen oxidant conduit such that hydrogen output from the outlet of the inner hydrogen conduit passes through a portion of the hydrogen oxidant conduit to the outlet of the hydrogen oxidant conduit; and the outlet of the hydrogen oxidant conduit being a second distance from an outlet of the first pulverized coal entrained fluid flow conduit such that the hydrogen and the hydrogen oxidant output from the outlet of the hydrogen oxidant conduit passes through a portion of the first pulverized coal entrained fluid flow conduit for being output from the burner.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for use of an alkaline reagent (e.g. sodium hydroxide, NaOH, potassium hydroxide, KOH, etc.) to facilitate removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gas output from a glass melting operation. The CO2 removed from the flue gas can be in carbonates formed in the reaction of the reagent with the flue gas, which can be used in glass melting operations. A portion of the flue gas can also be liquefied in some embodiments to produce a liquefied CO2 stream for other uses. In some embodiments, a portion of the carbonate generated from the CO2 removal process can be heated (e.g. in an indirect heat exchange process) to liberate the CO2 for feeding the liberated CO2 to a liquefaction process while a resultant oxide formed via the CO2 liberation can be hydrolyzed to regenerate the alkaline reagent for subsequent use in the CO2 removal process.

Abstract: A hydrogen injection scheme can be employed via use of one or more injectors for injecting hydrogen to help entrain local mass while also generating local turbulence that can enhance mixing with a mixture of air and fuel to facilitate enhanced lean combustion, lower peak flame temperatures of combustion, and reduce nitrous oxide (NOx) emissions from the combustion of fuel. In some embodiments, the hydrogen can be injected to help transport heat released during combustion away from the injector to help avoid injector overheating as well. Different injectors can be utilized to provide a desired hydrogen injection scheme for a particular set of design and operational criteria for a gas turbine system or at least one combustion system that can be utilized in a gas turbine system.

Abstract: A burner gas supply apparatus for increasing flame turbulence, the apparatus comprising a conduit having a characteristic width, W, defined by an inner surface having a circumferential direction and an axial direction, the axial direction terminating in a nozzle defining a nozzle exit plane and having a characteristic dimension, d, where d<=W; and three bluff bodies each with a characteristic dimension, Dbb-i, projecting a length, Li into the conduit from the inner surface, and an axial spacing Xi between adjacent bluff bodies (between the downstream bluff body and the nozzle exit plane in the case of X1) wherein 0.5<=Li/W<=1 and wherein Xi/Dbb-i<=30.

Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine engine having a compressor upstream of the combustor and a turbine downstream of the combustor. The combustor also includes a combustor chamber, an oxy-fuel pilot burner (104) centrally positioned at an end of the combustor chamber, and an air-fuel premix burner configured to at least partially premix air and fuel. The air-fuel premix burner surrounds the oxy-fuel pilot burner (104) in an annular configuration.

Abstract: A hydrogen injection scheme can be employed via use of one or more injectors for injecting hydrogen to help entrain local mass while also generating local turbulence that can enhance mixing with a mixture of air and fuel to facilitate enhanced lean combustion, lower peak flame temperatures of combustion, and reduce nitrous oxide (NOx) emissions from the combustion of fuel. In some embodiments, the hydrogen can be injected to help transport heat released during combustion away from the injector to help avoid injector overheating as well. Different injectors can be utilized to provide a desired hydrogen injection scheme for a particular set of design and operational criteria for a gas turbine system or at least one combustion system that can be utilized in a gas turbine system.

Abstract: A system and method for synchronized oxy-fuel boosting of a regenerative glass melting furnace including first and second sets of regenerative air-fuel burners, a first double-staged oxy-fuel burner mounted in a first wall, and a second double-staged oxy-fuel burner mounted in a second wall, each oxy-fuel burner having a primary oxygen valve to apportion a flow of oxygen between primary oxygen and staged oxygen and a staging mode valve to apportion the flow of staged oxygen between an upper staging port and a lower staging port in the respective burner, and a controller programmed to control the primary oxygen valve and the staging mode valve of each of the first and second oxy-fuel burners to adjust flame characteristics of the first and second oxy-fuel burners depending on the state of operation of the furnace.

Abstract: A process for combusting a high-moisture fuel to generate steam in which the high-moisture solid fuel is first dried by contacting with an oxygen-depleted gas stream while being heated by indirect heat exchange with a recirculating thermal fluid. The dried fuel is then combusted with a combustion air stream to produce a combustion products stream whose heat first is used to generate steam, and then to preheat the combustion air stream by indirect heat exchange in which a portion of the combustion air stream and/or a portion of the combustion products stream bypasses the heat exchanger. The combustion products stream also provides heat to dry the solid fuel via the recirculating thermal fluid.

Abstract: A burner gas supply apparatus for increasing flame turbulence, the apparatus comprising a conduit having a characteristic width, W, defined by an inner surface having a circumferential direction and an axial direction, the axial direction terminating in a nozzle defining a nozzle exit plane and having a characteristic dimension, d, where d<=W; and three bluff bodies each with a characteristic dimension, Dbb-i, projecting a length, Li into the conduit from the inner surface, and an axial spacing Xi between adjacent bluff bodies (between the downstream bluff body and the nozzle exit plane in the case of X1) wherein 0.5<=Li/W<=1 and wherein Xi/Dbb-i<=30.

Abstract: A combustor for a gas turbine engine having a compressor upstream of the combustor and a turbine downstream of the combustor. The combustor also includes a combustor chamber, an oxy-fuel pilot burner (104) centrally positioned at an end of the combustor chamber, and an air-fuel premix burner configured to at least partially premix air and fuel. The air-fuel premix burner surrounds the oxy-fuel pilot burner (104) in an annular configuration.

Abstract: A system for melting a pelleted charge material including a furnace having a feed end configured to receive a solid pelleted charge material and a discharge end opposite the feed end configured to discharge a molten charge material and a slag, a conveyor configured to feed the pelleted charge material into the feed end of the furnace, at least one oxy-fuel burner positioned to direct heat into a melting zone near the feed end to heat and at least partially melt the pelleted charge material to form the molten charge material and slag, wherein the oxy-fuel burner uses an oxidant having at least 70% molecular oxygen, and at least one flue for exhausting burner combustion products from the furnace.

Abstract: A system and method for synchronized oxy-fuel boosting of a regenerative glass melting furnace including first and second sets of regenerative air-fuel burners, a first double-staged oxy-fuel burner mounted in a first wall, and a second double-staged oxy-fuel burner mounted in a second wall, each oxy-fuel burner having a primary oxygen valve to apportion a flow of oxygen between primary oxygen and staged oxygen and a staging mode valve to apportion the flow of staged oxygen between an upper staging port and a lower staging port in the respective burner, and a controller programmed to control the primary oxygen valve and the staging mode valve of each of the first and second oxy-fuel burners to adjust flame characteristics of the first and second oxy-fuel burners depending on the state of operation of the furnace.

Abstract: An oxy-fuel burner including a central burner element having a central conduit terminating in a central nozzle and an annular conduit terminating in an annular nozzle surrounding the central conduit, the central conduit flowing a first reactant and the annular conduit flowing a second reactant; a first staging conduit spaced apart from a side of the central burner element and terminating in a first staging nozzle; a second staging conduit spaced apart from an opposite side the central burner element and terminating in a second staging nozzle; a first mechanism to apportion a flow of the second reactant into a non-zero primary flow of the second reactant directed to the annular conduit and a non-zero secondary flow of the second reactant; and a second mechanism to selectively apportion the secondary flow of the second reactant between the staging conduits; wherein one reactant is fuel and the other reactant is oxygen.

Abstract: An oxy-gaseous fuel burner (400, 500) or a solid fuel burner (700) having an annular cavity (404, 504, 704) upstream from and proximate to an outlet plane (416, 516, 716) and a converging (434, 734) or converging-diverging nozzle (537) located upstream from and proximal to the cavity (404, 504, 704). The solid fuel burner (700) also is preferably operated so that the velocity of gas exiting a second annulus (730) is less than the velocity of gas exiting a central conduit (710).

Abstract: A system for melting a pelleted charge material including a furnace having a feed end configured to receive a solid pelleted charge material and a discharge end opposite the feed end configured to discharge a molten charge material and a slag, a conveyor configured to feed the pelleted charge material into the feed end of the furnace, at least one oxy-fuel burner positioned to direct heat into a melting zone near the feed end to heat and at least partially melt the pelleted charge material to form the molten charge material and slag, wherein the oxy-fuel burner uses an oxidant having at least 70% molecular oxygen, and at least one flue for exhausting burner combustion products from the furnace.

Abstract: An oxy-gaseous fuel burner (400, 500) or a solid fuel burner (700) having an annular cavity (404, 504, 704) upstream from and proximate to an outlet plane (416, 516, 716) and a converging (434, 734) or converging-diverging nozzle (537) located upstream from and proximal to the cavity (404, 504, 704). The solid fuel burner (700) also is preferably operated so that the velocity of gas exiting a second annulus (730) is less than the velocity of gas exiting a central conduit (710).

Abstract: An oxy-fuel burner with monitoring including a fuel passage terminating in a fuel nozzle, a primary oxidant passage terminating in an oxidant nozzle, one or more sensors including a nozzle temperature sensor for sensing at least one of an oxidant nozzle temperature and a fuel nozzle temperature and a position sensor for sensing a burner installation angle, and a data processor programmed to receive data from the sensors and to determine the presence or absence of an abnormal burner condition including a potential partial obstruction of at least one of the primary oxidant passage and the fuel passage based on an increase or decrease in at least one of the oxidant nozzle temperature and the fuel nozzle temperature, and to determine whether the burner is installed at a desired orientation with respect to at least one feature of the furnace based on the burner installation angle.

Abstract: An oxy-fuel burner (10) with monitoring including a fuel passage (320) terminating in a fuel nozzle (322), a primary oxidant passage (330) terminating in an oxidant nozzle (333), one or more sensors including a nozzle temperature sensor (372) for sensing at least one of an oxidant nozzle temperature and a fuel nozzle temperature, and a data processor (66, 166,266) programmed to receive data from the sensors and to determine based on at least a portion of the received data the presence or absence of an abnormal burner condition including a potential partial obstruction of at least one of the primary oxidant passage (330) and the fuel passage (320) based on an increase or decrease in at least one of the oxidant nozzle temperature and the fuel nozzle temperature.

Abstract: An oxy-fuel burner including a central burner element having a central conduit terminating in a central nozzle and an annular conduit terminating in an annular nozzle surrounding the central conduit, the central conduit flowing a first reactant and the annular conduit flowing a second reactant; a first staging conduit spaced apart from a side of the central burner element and terminating in a first staging nozzle; a second staging conduit spaced apart from an opposite side the central burner element and terminating in a second staging nozzle; a first mechanism to apportion a flow of the second reactant into a non-zero primary flow of the second reactant directed to the annular conduit and a non-zero secondary flow of the second reactant; and a second mechanism to selectively apportion the secondary flow of the second reactant between the staging conduits; wherein one reactant is fuel and the other reactant is oxygen.