Abstract: Systems and methods for measuring a pulse length (?0) of an ultra-short light pulse (P0) based on processing a number of substantially similar light pulses. The system includes an autocorrelation optical system adapted to receive the light pulses P0 and create from each light pulse two beams having an associated optical path length difference ?OPL. Providing a different ?OPL for each light pulse creates an autocorrelation interference pattern representative of an autocorrelation of the light pulse P0. An LED detector detects the autocorrelation interference pattern and generates therefrom an autocorrelation signal. A signal-processing unit forms from the autocorrelation signal a digital count signal representative of a number of counted peaks in the autocorrelation signal above the full-width half maximum. Control electronics unit causes the varying ?OPL and provides a difference signal (S?) representative of the ?OPL to the signal-processing unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device that can be used to brace the pelvic region of a patient and to a stretcher for bracing the pelvic region of a patient. The pelvic brace includes a plurality of bracing elements that can at least in part be wrapped around or about the pelvic region of a patient. The bracing elements being configured so as to be able to adjustable in length by two different means so that the bracing elements can be fitted to people of various sizes ranging from young children to large adults. The stretcher includes a retractable frame assembly and preferably one or more than one pelvic brace fitted to the frame assembly to applying pressure to the pelvic region of a patient on the stretcher.

Abstract: Methods and systems for hybrid gain guiding in laser resonators that combines the features of gain guiding and fiber or other types of lasers into a single system. Hybrid gain guiding in laser resonators is not limited to conventional fiber lasers. Any type of gain guided fiber, index guided or anti-guided, is used as an intracavity element to induce loss on high order modes in an otherwise multimode laser system. The gain guided element contributes little gain to the laser oscillator but allows only the lowest order mode to transmit without loss. When the gain guiding fiber length is selected so the loss for a particular cavity mode is greater than the gain, the cavity mode does not lase. Since the gain guiding fiber induces loss for all laser modes other than the lowest order mode it makes sure that the mode one higher than the lowest order mode does not lase and as a result, no other cavity modes lase.

Abstract: Metallic solutions at room temperature used a laser point source target droplets. Using the target metallic solutions results in damage free use to surrounding optical components since no debris are formed. The metallic solutions can produce plasma emissions in the X-rays, XUV, and EUV(extreme ultra violet) spectral ranges of approximately 11.7 nm and 13 nm. The metallic solutions can include molecular liquids or mixtures of elemental and molecular liquids, such as metallic chloride solutions, metallic bromide solutions, metallic sulphate solutions, metallic nitrate solutions, and organo-metallic solutions. The metallic solutions do not need to be heated since they are in a solution form at room temperatures.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus for producing a variable, known number of nanoparticles of various materials in an expanding mist in a vacuum or enclosure. The configurations allow for this mist of small particles to be produced in bursts, at repetition rates over a wide range of frequencies. The technique produces an isotropically expanding mist of particles. Direct applications of the invention can be used for the development of high power short wavelength incoherent light sources for applications in EUV lithography (EUVL), advanced microscopy, precision metrology, and other fields.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus for producing a variable, known number of nanoparticles of various materials in an expanding mist in a vacuum or enclosure. The configurations allow for this mist of small particles to be produced in bursts, at repetition rates over a wide range of frequencies. The technique produces an isotropically expanding mist of particles. Direct applications of the invention can be used for the development of high power short wavelength incoherent light sources for applications in EUV lithography (EUVL), advanced microscopy, precision metrology, and other fields.

Abstract: An organic optoelectrical device comprising: a substrate; at least one first electrode disposed over the substrate; a layer of bank material disposed over the first electrode and defining a plurality of wells; a layer of organic semi-conductive material disposed in the wells; at least one second electrode disposed over the layer of organic semi-conductive material in the wells; an encapsulant disposed over the at least one second electrode; a layer of the bank material provided at a periphery of the device; and a metallic seal adhering the encapsulant to the layer of bank material at the periphery of the device, the bank material being an inorganic electrically insulating material whereby the substrate, the bank material, the metallic seal and the encapsulant form a seal at the periphery of the device.

Abstract: Metallic solutions at room temperature used a laser point source target droplets. Using the target metallic solutions results in damage free use to surrounding optical components since no debris are formed. The metallic solutions can produce plasma emissions in the X-rays, XUV, and EUV(extreme ultra violet) spectral ranges of approximately 11.7 nm and 13 nm. The metallic solutions can include molecular liquids or mixtures of elemental and molecular liquids, such as metallic chloride solutions, metallic bromide solutions, metallic sulphate solutions, metallic nitrate solutions, and organo-metallic solutions. The metallic solutions do not need to be heated since they are in a solution form at room temperatures.

Abstract: Metallic solutions at room temperature used a laser point source target droplets. Using the target metallic solutions results in damage free use to surrounding optical components since no debris are formed. The metallic solutions can produce plasma emissions in the X-rays, XUV, and EUV(extreme ultra violet) spectral ranges of approximately 11.7 nm and 13 nm. The metallic solutions can include molecular liquids or mixtures of elemental and molecular liquids, such as metallic chloride solutions, metallic bromide solutions, metallic sulphate solutions, metallic nitrate solutions, and organo-metallic solutions. The metallic solutions do not need to be heated since they are in a solution form at room temperatures.

Abstract: A device for bracing the pelvic region of a patient including plurality of straps for wrapping around the pelvic region of a patient is disclosed. The straps are arranged in a side-by-side relationship and interconnected to each adjacent strap at one or more points to restrict relative movement of the straps at each point of interconnection. When positioned on the patient, one of the straps may be an upper strap covering the upper pelvic region and adjoining lower abdominal region of a patient and the other strap or one of the other straps may be a lower strap covering the lower pelvic region and adjoining crutch region of the patient. Fasteners for holding the straps wrapped around the pelvic region of the patient are also included. In use, the fasteners of the upper strap can be released to provide access to the lower abdominal region, or the fasteners of the lower strap can be released to provide access to the crutch region of the patient.

Abstract: Special liquid droplet targets that are irradiated by a high power laser and are plasmarized to form a point source EUV, XUV and x-ray source. Various types of liquid droplet targets include metallic solutions, and nano-sized particles in solutions having a melting temperature lower than the melting temperature of some or all of the constituent metals, used a laser point source target droplets. The solutions have no damaging debris and can produce plasma emissions in the X-rays, XUV, and EUV(extreme ultra violet) spectral ranges of approximately 0.1 nm to approximately 100 nm, approximately 11.7 nm and 13 nm, approximately 0.5 nm to approximately 1.5 nm, and approximately 2.3 nm to approximately 4.5 nm. The second type of target consists of various types of liquids which contain as a miscible fluid various nano-size particles of different types of metals and non-metal materials.

Abstract: Special liquid droplet targets that are irradiated by a high power laser and are plasmarized to form a point source EUV, XUV and x-ray source. Various types of liquid droplet targets include metallic solutions, and nano-sized particles in solutions having a melting temperature lower than the melting temperature of some or all of the constituent metals, used a laser point source target droplets. The solutions have no damaging debris and can produce plasma emissions in the X-rays, XUV, and EUV(extreme ultra violet) spectral ranges of approximately 0.1 nm to approximately 100 nm, approximately 11.7 nm and 13 nm, approximately 0.5 nm to approximately 1.5 nm, and approximately 2.3 nm to approximately 4.5 nm. The second type of target consists of various types of liquids which contain as a miscible fluid various nano-size particles of different types of metals and non-metal materials.

Abstract: Metallic solutions at room temperature used a laser point source target droplets. Using the target metallic solutions results in damage free use to surrounding optical components since no debris are formed. The metallic solutions can produce plasma emissions in the X-rays, XUV, and EUV (extreme ultra violet) spectral ranges of approximately 11.7 nm and 13 nm. The metallic solutions can include molecular liquids or mixtures of elemental and molecular liquids, such as metallic chloride solutions, metallic bromide solutions, metallic sulphate solutions, metallic nitrate solutions, and organo-metallic solutions. The metallic solutions do not need to be heated since they are in a solution form at room temperatures.

Abstract: Metallic solutions at room temperature used a laser point source target droplets. Using the target metallic solutions results in damage free use to surrounding optical components since no debris are formed. The metallic solutions can produce plasma emissions in the X-rays, XUV, and EUV(extreme ultra violet) spectral ranges of approximately 11.7 nm and 13 nm. The metallic solutions can include molecular liquids or mixtures of elemental and molecular liquids, such as metallic chloride solutions, metallic bromide solutions, metallic sulphate solutions, metallic nitrate solutions, and organo-metallic solutions. The metallic solutions do not need to be heated since they are in a solution form at room temperatures.

Abstract: Special liquid droplet targets that are irradiated by a high power laser and are plasmarized to form a point source EUV, XUV and x-ray source. Various types of liquid droplet targets include metallic solutions, and nano-sized particles in solutions having a melting temperature lower than the melting temperature of some or all of the constituent metals, used a laser point source target droplets. The solutions have no damaging debris and can produce plasma emissions in the X-rays, XUV, and EUV(extreme ultra violet) spectral ranges of approximately 0.1 nm to approximately 100 nm, approximately 11.7 nm and 13 nm, approximately 0.5 nm to approximately 1.5 nm, and approximately 2.3 nm to approximately 4.5 nm. The second type of target consists of various types of liquids which contain as a miscible fluid various nano-size particles of different types of metals and non-metal materials.

Abstract: Special liquid droplet targets that are irradiated by a high power laser and are plasmarized to form a point source EUV, XUV and x-ray source. Various types of liquid droplet targets include metallic solutions, and nano-sized particles in solutions having a melting temperature lower than the melting temperature of some or all of the constituent metals, used a laser point source target droplets. The solutions have no damaging debris and can produce plasma emissions in the X-rays, XUV, and EUV (extreme ultra violet) spectral ranges of approximately 0.1 nm to approximately 100 nm, approximately 11.7 nm and 13 nm, approximately 0.5 nm to approximately 1.5 nm, and approximately 2.3 nm to approximately 4.5 nm. The second type of target consists of various types of liquids which contain as a miscible fluid various nano-size particles of different types of metals and non-metal materials.

Abstract: Metallic solutions at room temperature used a laser point source target droplets. Using the target metallic solutions results in damage free use to surrounding optical components since no debris are formed. The metallic solutions can produce plasma emissions in the X-rays, XUV, and EUV (extreme ultra violet) spectral ranges of approximately 11.7 nm and 13 nm. The metallic solutions can include molecular liquids or mixtures of elemental and molecular liquids, such as metallic chloride solutions, metallic bromide solutions, metallic sulphate solutions, metallic nitrate solutions, and organo-metallic solutions. The metallic solutions do not need to be heated since they are in a solution form at room temperatures.

Abstract: A laser produced extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source based on a water droplet target has been implemented an auxiliary electrode system between the source and the first collector mirror. The auxiliary electrode system creates a repeller electric field, possibly a dc voltage imposed on the mirror that slows down and reverses the trajectories of ions from the source before they impact the collection mirror. The source modified according to the invention was evaluated with respect to the demands of EUV lithography and found to have much extended operational lifetimes. The spectral distribution of the generated radiation as well as the conversion efficiency into line radiation at 13 nm was determined. Long time measurements of the reflectivity of silicon/molybdenum multilayer mirrors for up to from 107 to 109 shots show the useful influence of the treatment of ions emitted from the source. Several methods of debris reduction were tested and discussed.

Abstract: A tunable, solid state laser device with both visible and infrared laser emission is developed with a trivalent ytterbium-doped yttrium calcium oxyborate crystal as the host crystal. The Yb:YCOB crystal generates an infrared fundamental light over a wide bandwidth, from approximately 980 nanometers (nm) to approximately 1100 nm. The bandwidth generated by the Yb:YCOB crystal is approximately 100 nm wide and supports the generation of pulsed infrared light or when self-frequency doubled provides a compact, efficient, source of tunable, visible, blue or green laser light in wavelengths of approximately 490 nm to approximately 550 nm.

Abstract: Neodymium-doped yttrium calcium oxyborate (Nd:YCOB) is the single active gain element for a solid-state laser device capable of achieving both lasing and self-frequency doubling optical effects. A pumping source for optically pumping Nd:YCOB can generate a laser light output of approximately 400 mW at approximately 1060 nm wavelength and a self-frequency doubled output of approximately 60 mW at approximately 530 nm wavelength. Thus, a laser device can be designed that is compact, less expensive and a high-powered source of visible, green laser light.