Abstract: There is provided a method of printing a plurality of printing materials on a medium for producing a printing material in which a second image is printed on a first image. The method includes alternately repeating printing the first image in a first area included in a print area and printing the second image in a second area that is included in the print area and is located on the downstream side of the first area in the transport direction, based on image data that includes the first image and the second image that are printing targets, and transporting the first image that is printed in the first area to the second area.

Abstract: A concentration correcting method includes: forming N test patterns at different positions in a moving direction by repeatedly performing a dot line forming process of forming a dot line in a line region on a test medium in which a plurality of unit areas is arranged in the moving direction by ejecting liquid from nozzles direction and a transport process of transporting the test medium in a transport direction; performing on the N test patterns a process of calculating a concentration correction value, which is used to correct concentrations of the unit areas in a print image; and correcting the concentrations of the unit areas in the print image by the use of interpolated correction values obtained using a linear interpolation method, two concentration correcting values acquired from the two test patterns, and positions of the unit areas in the moving direction.

Abstract: A lithium primary battery including: a positive electrode containing a mixed crystalline manganese oxide; a negative electrode containing at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium and a lithium alloy; and a lithium-ion conductive non-aqueous electrolyte. The mixed crystalline manganese oxide contains at least ?-type manganese oxide and ?-type manganese oxide, and the ?-type manganese oxide has a crystallinity of 300 to 500. The mixed crystalline manganese oxide preferably has a specific surface area of 0.5 to 4 m2/g. The lithium alloy preferably contains at least aluminum in an amount of 0.2 wt % to 15 wt %.

Abstract: A correction value determining method of the present invention includes: causing a head to record a first pattern for confirming a transport amount of a medium, while transporting the medium in a transport direction relative to the head in accordance with a target transport amount, obtaining a first correction value that is associated with a relative position of the head and the medium based on the first pattern, the first correction value being a correction value for correcting the target transport amount during transport of the medium, causing the head to record a second pattern for confirming the transport amount of the medium, by transporting the medium while correcting the target transport amount using the first correction value associated with the relative position, obtaining a second correction value that is associated with the relative position of the head and the medium based on the second pattern, the second correction value being a correction value for correcting the target transport amount during

Abstract: A medium is carried to a predetermined position in a carrying direction. A first pattern is formed on the medium with nozzles on the carrying direction upstream side of a nozzle row constituted by a plurality of nozzles lined up at predetermined intervals. After forming the first pattern, the medium is carried in the carrying direction by a target carry amount that is shorter than the length in the carrying direction of the nozzle row. Along with forming on the medium a second pattern that forms a boundary with the first pattern with nozzles on the carrying direction downstream side of the nozzle row, a third pattern is formed on the medium with the nozzles on the carrying direction upstream side of the nozzle row.

Abstract: A correction value determining method of the present invention includes: causing a head to record a first pattern for confirming a transport amount of a medium, while transporting the medium in a transport direction relative to the head in accordance with a target transport amount; obtaining a first correction value that is associated with a relative position of the head and the medium based on the first pattern, the first correction value being a correction value for correcting the target transport amount during transport of the medium; causing the head to record a second pattern for confirming the transport amount of the medium, by transporting the medium while correcting the target transport amount using the first correction value associated with the relative position; obtaining a second correction value that is associated with the relative position of the head and the medium based on the second pattern, the second correction value being a correction value for correcting the target transport amount during

Abstract: A printing method for printing an image on a medium according to the present invention includes the following steps: printing a correction pattern based on a first gradation value by ejecting ink from a plurality of nozzles moving in a predetermined movement direction and forming a plurality of dot lines in an intersecting direction that intersects the movement direction; obtaining, for each dot line, first information corresponding to the first gradation value by measuring a darkness of the correction pattern dot line by dot line; and printing an image constituted by a plurality of corrected dot lines on the medium by correcting each dot line in accordance with the first information and second information corresponding to a second gradation value that is different from the first gradation value.

Abstract: A printing method includes determining a first correction value corresponding to a first print mode, determining a second correction value corresponding to a second print mode, and correcting an ink ejection amount of each row region individually, using a combined correction value obtained by combining the first correction value and the second correction value. The first print mode is a print mode that is applied to a rear end area, with respect to a transport direction, of a medium. Dot rows are formed extending in a nozzle movement direction that is perpendicular to the transport direction, on a plurality of row regions lined up in the transport direction. The dot rows are formed by repeating a movement ejection operation of ejecting ink onto the medium while moving nozzles in the movement direction, and a transport operation of transporting the medium in the transport direction. The first correction value is for correcting an ejection amount of the ink in each row region individually.

Abstract: A method of judging whether or not darkness of a foreign matter on a test pattern printed on a medium with predetermined darkness has been read at the time of reading the darkness of the test pattern using a reading section, includes: detecting a section in the test pattern for which an amount of deviation, from a predetermined reference value, of a readout value on the darkness of that section exceeds a predetermined darkness-deviation threshold which is a threshold adopted for the deviation in darkness; and judging whether or not the darkness of the foreign matter has been read based on a size of the above-mentioned section that has been detected.

Abstract: An objective is to obtain a high robust position controller and a controlling method therefor, with respect to their technique in which control gain, in order to prevent an overshoot due to frictions, is most suitably adjusted. The position controller having a feedforward system includes: a friction-coefficient-estimated-value setting unit for setting arbitrary friction-coefficient-estimated-values; an overshoot-prevention-gain calculator for determining speed-integral-term feedforward gain, based on estimated friction-coefficient values set by the friction-coefficient-estimated-value setting unit; and a speed feedforward multiplying unit for calculating the product of the speed-integral-term feedforward gain multiplied by a feedforward command value that is based on a positional command; the multiplication product from the speed feedforward multiplying unit being used to reduce the feedforward term.

Abstract: Quality of a printed image is improved while minimizing the amount of memory used. For example, a print-control method includes: a first print-control step of repeatedly performing a unit image formation operation of forming a unit image in a unit area on a medium by ejecting ink from nozzles arranged in a predetermined direction and moved in a movement direction, and a first carrying operation of carrying the medium by a predetermined carry amount, to print an image in an end portion, in a carrying direction, of the medium; and a second print-control step of repeatedly performing the unit image formation operation and a second carrying operation of carrying the medium by another predetermined carry amount, to print an image in an intermediate portion, in the carrying direction, of the medium.

Abstract: To perform transport by correcting the transport amount while modifying the relative position of a correction value applied for transport of a medium.

Abstract: A medium is carried to a predetermined position in a carrying direction. A first pattern is formed on the medium with nozzles on the carrying direction upstream side of a nozzle row constituted by a plurality of nozzles lined up at predetermined intervals. After forming the first pattern, the medium is carried in the carrying direction by a target carry amount that is shorter than the length in the carrying direction of the nozzle row. Along with forming on the medium a second pattern that forms a boundary with the first pattern with nozzles on the carrying direction downstream side of the nozzle row, a third pattern is formed on the medium with the nozzles on the carrying direction upstream side of the nozzle row.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus has a head, a transport mechanism, a memory, and a controller. The head ejects a liquid. The transport mechanism transports a medium in a transport direction with respect to the head in accordance with a target transport amount that is targeted. The memory stores a plurality of correction values, each of the correction values being associated with a relative position between the head and the medium, a range of the relative position to which that correction value is to be applied being associated with that correction value. In the case where a transport using the target transport amount is performed beyond the range of the relative position associated with the correction value that is associated with the relative position before the transport, the controller corrects the target transport amount based on the correction value associated with the relative position before the transport and the correction value associated with the relative position after the transport.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes a head unit, a movement mechanism, and a control section. The head unit has along a first direction a plurality of heads, in which a plurality of nozzles that eject a liquid onto a medium are lined up in the first direction, and the head unit forms a single raster line by ejecting the liquid while performing m number of movements relative to the medium in a second direction, which intersects the first direction. A width of the head unit in the first direction is greater than a width of the medium in the first direction. The movement mechanism causes the head unit to perform a plurality of movements relative to the medium alternately in the second direction and the first direction. The control section forms an image having a resolution that is n times a pitch of the nozzles, by forming a plurality of the raster lines by the plurality of relative movements of the head unit.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting apparatus includes an upstream-side roller and an downstream-side roller, an ejecting section, and a controller. The controller stores in advance a correction value for correcting a pre-correction target transport amount for transporting the medium, the correction value being associated with a range from a first position to a second position. The controller carries out the transport operation based on a post-correction target transport amount in the case where the controller carries out the transport operation in such a manner as the medium is transported from a third position upstream in the transport direction from the second position to a fourth position downstream in the transport direction from the first position and the third position, the post-correction target transport amount being obtained by correcting, using the correction value, the pre-correction target transport amount for transporting the medium from the third position to the fourth position.

Abstract: An increase in the width in the first direction of the head unit is controlled and deterioration in image quality is curbed as well.

Abstract: A recording apparatus of the present invention includes a head 21 having a plurality of nozzle groups (21A to 21C), and each nozzle group has a plurality of nozzles that are arranged with a predetermined nozzle pitch (k·D). The recording apparatus forms dots on a medium by repeating alternately an ejection operation in which a liquid is ejected from the nozzles and a carry operation in which the medium is carried using a predetermined carry amount F with respect to the head, and the distance between two nozzles that eject ink adjacently and that belong to different nozzle groups (the distance between #4A and #1B) is equal to the sum of an integral multiple of the carry amount and the predetermined nozzle pitch (F·?+k·D).

Abstract: There is provided a multi-ringed bulb including a plurality of ring bulbs in which a plurality of straight tube portions having an outside diameter of from 12 to 20 mm are connected to each other through bent portions on a same plane. Electrodes are provided hermetically at respective ends of outermost and innermost bulbs of the plurality of ring bulbs. A connection portion connects other adjacent ends of the outermost and innermost bulbs to each other so that the outermost and innermost bulbs communicate with each other, to form a single discharge path. A phosphor layer is formed on inner surfaces of at least the straight tube portions 5a of the inner and outer bulbs. The multi-ringed structure bulb is filled with discharge medium. The above-mentioned structure permits to provide a fluorescent lamp and a lighting apparatus, which have a small strain in the inner and outer bulbs, a high strength and an excellent luminous efficiency.

Abstract: A line position calculating method is a method for calculating a position, in a second direction, of a line along a first direction in an image, based on image data of the image constituted by a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix form in the first direction and in the second direction, the method obtains pixel data of each of a plurality of pixels arranged in the first direction, calculates an extent of unevenness of each tone value indicating the pixel data of each of the plurality of pixels arranged in the first direction, sets a threshold value according to the extent of unevenness, sets a range based on the threshold value, detects a defective pixel in which the tone value indicating the pixel data is out of the range, calculates a representative value indicating a tone value of a pixel row, based on the pixel data of the pixels other than the defective pixel of the plurality of pixels constituting the pixel row, and calculates a position, in the second direction, of the line, based on the represent