Abstract: A method provides a slab by continuous casting of a steel having a component composition of, in mass %, C: 0.005% or less, Mn: 0.05 to 0.5%, Al: 0.01 to 0.10%, N: 0.0010 to 0.0070%, B: 0.15×N to 0.75×N (0.15 to 0.75 in terms of B/N), and one or both of Nb: 4×C to 20×C (4 to 20 in terms of Nb/C) and Ti: 2×C to l0×C (2 to 10 in terms of Ti/C), and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements; rough rolling the slab; finish rolling the rough-rolled slab wherein 5% or more and less than 50% of the total amount of rolling reduction in the finish rolling is hot-rolled at a temperature lower than the Ar3 transformation point; winding the hot-rolled steel sheet at a winding temperature of 640 to 750 ° C.; pickling the coiled steel sheet; cold rolling the pickled steel sheet at a rolling reduction rate of 88 to 96%; and annealing the cold-rolled steel sheet in a temperature range of higher than 400 ° C. to a temperature that is 20 ° C. lower than the recrystallization temperature.

Abstract: An optical reflection element has a frame, a pair of meandering-shaped vibration elements, a mirror having a reflection surface, and a pair of protective beams. The vibration elements have their respective outer ends supported by confronting portions of an inside of the frame. The vibration elements support the mirror with respective inner ends thereof. The protective beams extend from the respective confronting portions of the inside of the frame toward the mirror with a predetermined space from the vibration elements and in parallel with a vibration axis of the vibration elements.

Abstract: Provided is a steel sheet having excellent surface roughening resistance and a manufacturing method thereof. The steel sheet for cans contains 0.0040 to 0.01% C and 0.02 to 0.12% Nb. An average ferrite grain size in a cross section in the rolling direction in a region ranging from a surface layer of the steel sheet to a position ¼ of a sheet thickness away from the surface layer of the steel sheet is set to 7 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less, and the average ferrite grain size in a cross section in the rolling direction in a region ranging from the position ¼ of a sheet thickness away from the surface layer of the steel sheet to a sheet thickness center portion of the steel sheet is set to 15 ?m or less.

Abstract: An optical reflecting element includes a mirror, and a pair of high-frequency vibrators and a pair of low-frequency vibrators for vibrating the mirror. The high-frequency vibrators include a substrate, a bottom electrode layer formed on the substrate, a piezoelectric layer, and a drive electrode and a first monitor electrode as the top electrode layer. One end of the low-frequency vibrator has the substrate shared with the high-frequency vibrator, a bottom electrode layer, a piezoelectric layer, a drive electrode, and a second monitor electrode as the top electrode layer. The other end of the low-frequency vibrator has the substrate shared with the high-frequency vibrator, a bottom electrode layer, a piezoelectric layer, a drive electrode, a first monitor electrode, and an insulator layer as a dead zone for preventing a piezoelectric effect due to the piezoelectric layer from reaching the first monitor electrode.

Abstract: An optical reflecting element includes a mirror, and a pair of high-frequency vibrators and a pair of low-frequency vibrators for vibrating the mirror. The high-frequency vibrators include a substrate, a bottom electrode layer formed on the substrate, a piezoelectric layer, and a drive electrode and a first monitor electrode as the top electrode layer. One end of the low-frequency vibrator has the substrate shared with the high-frequency vibrator, a bottom electrode layer, a piezoelectric layer, a drive electrode, and a second monitor electrode as the top electrode layer. The other end of the low-frequency vibrator has the substrate shared with the high-frequency vibrator, a bottom electrode layer, a piezoelectric layer, a drive electrode, a first monitor electrode, and an insulator layer as a dead zone for preventing a piezoelectric effect due to the piezoelectric layer from reaching the first monitor electrode.

Abstract: A component composition contains, by % by mass, 0.0016 to 0.01% of C, 0.05 to 0.60% of Mn, and 0.020 to 0.080% of Nb so that the C and Nb contents satisfy the expression, 0.4?(Nb/C)×(12/93)?2.5. In addition, the amount of Nb-based precipitates is 20 to 500 ppm by mass, the average grain diameter of the Nb-based precipitates is 10 to 100 nm, and the average crystal grain diameter of ferrite is 6 to 10 ?m. Nb is added to ultra-low-carbon steel used as a base, and the amount and grain diameter of the Nb-based precipitates are controlled to optimize the pinning effect. Grain refinement of ferrite is achieved by specifying the Mn amount, thereby achieving softening and excellent resistance to surface roughness of steel.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an easy open end includes the steps of using a laminated steel sheet with resin films formed on both surfaces of the laminated steel sheet, and forming a panel structure and a score. A score die used for forming the score includes a scoring edge having a cross section in which a tip is a curve and two sides with the tip interposed therebetween are tangent to the curve. The tip is the curve having a curvature radius ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 mm, and the two sides have elevation angles ? in a range of 0.3?tan ??1.0 to an end surface. The panel structure is formed by a motion that is synchronous with a motion in which the score die is pressed to a surface of the laminated steel sheet during the formation of the score.

Abstract: A method provides a slab by continuous casting of a steel having a component composition of, in mass %, C: 0.005% or less, Mn: 0.05 to 0.5%, Al: 0.01 to 0.10%, N: 0.0010 to 0.0070%, B: 0.15×N to 0.75×N (0.15 to 0.75 in terms of B/N), and one or both of Nb: 4×C to 20×C (4 to 20 in terms of Nb/C) and Ti: 2×C to 10×C (2 to 10 in terms of Ti/C), and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements; rough rolling the slab; finish rolling the rough-rolled slab wherein 5% or more and less than 50% of the total amount of rolling reduction in the finish rolling is hot-rolled at a temperature lower than the Ar3 transformation point; winding the hot-rolled steel sheet at a winding temperature of 640 to 750° C.; pickling the coiled steel sheet; cold rolling the pickled steel sheet at a rolling reduction rate of 88 to 96%; and annealing the cold-rolled steel sheet in a temperature range of higher than 400° C. to a temperature that is 20° C. lower than the recrystallization temperature.

Abstract: A sound reproduction apparatus reproduces a sound wave at a listening position. The sound reproduction apparatus includes a compensation processing unit for compensating an audible band signal having an audible band frequency, a carrier signal oscillator for generating a carrier signal, a modulator for outputting a modulated signal obtained by modulating the carrier signal based on the audible band signal compensated by the compensation processing unit, and a sound emission unit for outputting a sound wave depending on the modulated signal output from the modulator. The compensation processing unit compensates the audible band signal based on a distance from the sound emission unit to the listening position. This sound reproduction apparatus can reproduce the original audible band signal with a high fidelity regardless of the listening position.

Abstract: In a sound reproducing apparatus, part of a frequency band where mode-coupled vibration can be excited is regarded as a carrier frequency. A frequency of mode coupling, with a low rate of change in vibration displacement with respect to the frequency, is regarded as a carrier signal so that a signal in an audible band which is outputted from an audible band signal source can be demodulated and reproduced with stable sound pressure in a broad frequency band.

Abstract: An ironing apparatus includes an ironing die and an ironing punch, an injection port for injecting gas or liquid to the metal plate at a high pressure to remove substance adhered to the metal plate therefrom, a suction port for sucking the adhered substance removed from the metal plate, and a protrusion mount portion with a protrusion for preventing dispersion of the gas or the liquid. An ironing method for ironing the metal plate having the single surface or both surfaces coated with the organic resin film includes the steps of injecting the gas or the liquid from the injection port to the metal plate at the high pressure to remove the adhered substance from the metal plate, and sucking and collecting the adhered substance removed from the metal plate from the suction port. The adhered substance such as the hair may be removed by the aforementioned invention.

Abstract: A DI forming water-based coolant of a laminated metal sheet includes at least one kind of base (a) selected from alkanolamines and alkali metal hydroxides, a fatty acid (b), and water (c), wherein the total content of the base (a) and the fatty acid (b) is 0.02 to 4% by mass and the ratio of a straight-chain fatty acid having a carbon number of 6 to 12 in the fatty acid (b) is 80 to 100% by mass.

Abstract: There is provided a laminated metal sheet used for making a highly processed two-piece can body which endures harsh conditions such as retort treatment, and a two-piece can body made of the laminated steel sheet. A laminated metal sheet for a two-piece can body, including a metal sheet having a polyester resin film layer on each side of the metal sheet, the polyester resin film layer to be the outside of the can body having a crystallization temperature of 60 to 100° C., and the surface of the polyester resin film layer having a center line surface roughness (Ra) of 0.2 to 1.8 ?m. The polyester resin film layer to be the outside of the can body is preferably composed of 40 to 100% by mass of a resin composed mainly of butylene terephthalate and 0 to 60% by mass of a resin composed mainly of ethylene terephthalate.

Abstract: A highly accurate gas sensor includes a circuit having an improved S/N ratio. First ends of a heat generating element and reference resistor brought into contact with a detected gas are commonly connected, and second ends are respectively connected to a first switch. The first switch is connected with a power source apparatus for supplying a current to the heat generating element or reference resistor. A voltage measuring portion measures a voltage across the heat generating element or reference resistor. An operating portion switches the first switch between the reference resistor and heat generating element by a predetermined timing by determining a condition of controlling a power source apparatus for supplying at least 3 stages of step-like currents to the heat generating element from the voltage across the reference resistor. A voltage measuring portion measures the voltage across the heat generating element and calculates a concentration of a detected gas.

Abstract: There is provided a highly accurate gas sensor by improving an S/N ratio of a circuit. One ends (1a), (2a), of heat generating element (1) and reference resistor (2) brought into contact with a detected gas are commonly connected, and respective contacts of first switch (3) are respectively connected to respective sides of other terminals (1b), (2b). First switch (3) is connected with power source apparatus (4) for supplying a current to heat generating element (1) or reference resistor (2). Voltage measuring portion (5) for measuring a voltage across both ends generated across both ends of heat generating element (1) or reference resistor (2) is connected in parallel with heat generating element (1) or reference resistor (2) when first switch (3) is switched.

Abstract: A method for producing a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet which includes a hot-dip galvanization step, a temper rolling step and an oxidation step.

Abstract: A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet includes a plating layer substantially composed of the ? phase and an oxide layer disposed on a surface of the plating layer. The oxide layer has an average thickness of 10 nm or more and includes a Zn-based oxide layer and an Al-based oxide layer. A method for producing the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet includes a hot-dip galvanization step, a temper rolling step, and an oxidation step.

Abstract: There is provided a gas detector capable of detecting hydrogen concentration and humidity independently in the environment containing both hydrogen and water vapor. The gas detector comprises a high-temp exothermic detector unit and a low-temp exothermic detector unit provided with themosensitive resistors of different self-heating temperatures. The gas detector converts gas-level outputs produced by the high-temp exothermic detector unit and the low-temp exothermic detector unit responsive to the hydrogen concentration and humidity into electric signals, and outputs them after computing electrically levels of the hydrogen concentration and humidity contained in a gas introduced into the two detector units through a gas intake opening.

Abstract: A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet includes a plating layer substantially composed of the ? phase and an oxide layer disposed on a surface of the plating layer. The oxide layer has an average thickness of 10 nm or more and includes a Zn-based oxide layer and an Al-based oxide layer. A method for producing the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet includes a hot-dip galvanization step, a temper rolling step, and an oxidation step.

Abstract: There is provided a gas detector capable of detecting hydrogen concentration and humidity independently in the environment containing both hydrogen and water vapor. The gas detector comprises a high-temp exothermic detector unit and a low-temp exothermic detector unit provided with themosensitive resistors of different self-heating temperatures. The gas detector converts gas-level outputs produced by the high-temp exothermic detector unit and the low-temp exothermic detector unit responsive to the hydrogen concentration and humidity into electric signals, and outputs them after computing electrically levels of the hydrogen concentration and humidity contained in a gas introduced into the two detector units through a gas intake opening.