Abstract: There is provided a member for electrophotography, which contributes to formation of a high-quality electrophotographic image. The member for electrophotography includes an electro-conductive substrate and an electro-conductive layer as an outermost layer, wherein the electro-conductive layer contains a resin having a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic cation structure, an anion, and a specific carbon black.

Abstract: The electrophotographic member includes an electro-conductive substrate, a urethane resin having a structure of structural formula (1), an anion, and a resin particle, and has a protrusion derived from the resin particle on an outer surface thereof, the resin particle contains one or both of a urethane resin and a polyamide resin, the resin layer further contains carbon black, and the carbon black extracted from the resin layer has a BET specific surface area of 33 m2/g or more and 133 m2/g or less, and DBP absorption amount at a 70% torque value in DBP absorption measurement of 42 ml/100 g or more and 90 ml/100 g or less.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus includes a current estimation unit configured to output a detected current value corresponding to each of the three-phase AC currents based on the measured current value and rotor rotation angle information of the motor. The current estimation unit defines a phase whose duty ratio of a driving pulse supplied to an inverter circuit, which generates the three-phase AC currents, becomes more than or equal to an operation switching threshold as an estimation target phase, calculates, for the estimation target phase, an estimated current value based on a coefficient value, which is calculated from the measured current value by the current measurement unit in a period in which the duty ratio of the driving pulse is lower than the operation switching threshold, and the rotor rotation angle information, and outputs the calculated estimated current value as the detected current value of the estimation target phase.

Abstract: A power supply unit includes: a first rectifying device connected to the direct current power source, a second rectifying device having an anode connected to the first rectifying device, a first condenser having one end connected to the second rectifying device, a second condenser connected to the second rectifying device, a third rectifying device having an anode connected to the second rectifying device, a resonance reactor connected to the third rectifying device and connected to the first condenser, s switching device connected to the direct current power source and connected the third rectifying device, an output reactor connected to the third rectifying device, an output condenser connected to the direct current power source and connected to the output reactor, an output rectifying device connected to the first condenser and connected to the direct current power source, a control circuit sending a gate signal to the switching device.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member including an electro-conductive substrate and a surface layer on the substrate. The surface layer contains a urethane resin and a first polymer having a specific nitrogen-containing structure. The urethane resin has a structure derived from a second polymer containing a fluorine atom or a structure derived from a third polymer containing a fluorine atom and a silicon atom. The surface layer contains nitrogen atoms derived from the nitrogen-containing structure at a specific ratio in a region from the outer surface of the surface layer to a depth of 300 nm, and the atomic ratios of nitrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, and silicon atoms in a region from a depth of 100 nm from the outer surface of the surface layer to a depth of 300 nm and a region from the outer surface to a depth of 10 nm have specific relationships.

Abstract: A first DC/DC converter is of a constant voltage control type and is controlled so as to keep the voltage of an electric generation bus at a predetermined target value. A second DC/DC converter is of a constant current control type and is controlled so as to keep input current or output current at predetermined target current. A control circuit determines an optimum target value of electric generation bus voltage, based on different algorithms, in accordance with all or some of modes A to C which are classified by the charging/discharging condition of a second electric storage device, and controls the first DC/DC converter so that the electric generation bus voltage becomes the determined target value.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic member which has a high ability to impart charge to toners while the charge imparting ability is unlikely to be reduced even under an environment at high temperature and high humidity. The electrophotographic member comprises a substrate, an elastic layer formed on the substrate, an intermediate layer covering the surface of the elastic layer, and a surface layer covering the surface of the intermediate layer, wherein the intermediate layer contains a binder resin and a polymer having a specific structure, the surface layer contains silicon oxide, and the surface layer has a thickness of 10 nm or more and 300 nm or less.

Abstract: Provided an electrophotographic member that contributes to the formation of a higher grade of an electrophotograph than ever for use in an ultralow-temperature environment. The electrophotographic member has an electro-conductive resin layer, and the resin layer comprises a resin having a specific structure and an anion.

Abstract: A transformer is composed of three or more windings magnetically coupled. An AC/DC converter (2) for converting AC power of an AC power supply (1), a capacitor (3), and a switching circuit (4) are connected to one winding (6a), and a switching circuit (8) or (30) for power conversion of a DC power supply is connected to at least one of the other windings. Voltage of the capacitor (3) or the AC power supply (1) is detected. On the basis of the detected value thereof, the operation state of each switching circuit (4), (8), (30) is determined by an operation state determination circuit (101). On the basis of a result of the determination, the power supply is switched among the AC power supply (1) and the DC power supplies (11) and (34) by an output switch circuit (103).

Abstract: An electric motor includes: a rotating shaft; a rotor securely attached to the rotating shaft and including a cylindrical magnet portion; a stator formed in an annular shape on an outer peripheral side of the rotor; a board installed above the rotor and the stator with a predetermined air gap therefrom; and a lead wire connected to the board. A connecting portion of the board and the lead wire is formed at a position on an inner side of an axial projection plane of the magnet portion of the rotor above the board. In this electric motor, even when the rotor is increased in diameter, the connecting portion of the lead wire connected to the board can be prevented from being located proximate to an upper part of the magnet portion of the rotor.

Abstract: The metal conductive plate 60 electrically connecting the bracket 51 on the output side and the bracket 52 on the counter-output side includes: a first abutting portion 61 formed on one end and abutted on a side of the bearing house 520 on the counter-output side, the first abutting portion 61 warping in a direction away from the case 20; a second abutting portion 62 formed on the other end and abutted on an inner side of the bracket 51 on the output side press-fitted on the case 20; and a conductive sleeve 63 connecting the first abutting portion 61 and the second abutting portion 62. The conductive plate 60 and the case 20 include a holding unit for holding a state in which the first abutting portion 61 is abutted on the side of the bearing house 520 on the counter-output side.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member in which the increase in tackiness is small even in an environment of high temperature and high humidity. The electrophotographic member includes an electroconductive substrate and a surface layer, the surface layer contains resin including at least one of a urethane bond and an amide bond, the resin includes a cationic structure and an anionic structure in a molecule, and also includes a particular main-chain structure with hydrophobicity.

Abstract: The present invention is a manufacturing method for manufacturing a magnetoresistive element, including a first step for oxidizing or reducing a magnetic film constituting the magnetoresistive element and a metal oxidation film constituting the magnetoresistive element, and a second step performed after the first step, wherein in the second step, in a case where the magnetic film constituting the magnetoresistive element and the metal oxidation film constituting the magnetoresistive element are oxidized, the oxidized magnetic film constituting the magnetoresistive element or the oxidized metal oxidation film constituting the magnetoresistive element is selectively reduced, and in a case where the magnetic film constituting the magnetoresistive element and the metal oxidation film constituting the magnetoresistive element are reduced, the reduced magnetic film constituting the magnetoresistive element or the reduced metal oxidation film constituting the magnetoresistive element is selectively oxidized.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a magnetic tunnel junction element which prevents properties degradation due to hydrogen ions, and to which RIE processing that is capable of securing an etching shape is applied. A multilayer film which has a magnetic film and an oxidation film, of which a thickness of the magnetic film is 2 nm or less, and of which the magnetic film and the oxidation film have an interface in a film surface direction is generated, a mask layer that is patterned is formed on the multilayer film, etching is performed with respect to the multilayer film on which the mask layer is formed, by using a mixed gas of a hydrogen gas and a nitrogen gas as a reaction gas, and a ratio of a flow rate of the hydrogen gas to a flow rate of the mixed gas is 50% or less.

Abstract: A first winding, a second winding, a fourth winding, and a fifth winding functioning as a transformer are wound around respective side legs of a three-leg core. Third windings functioning as a DC reactor are wound around a center leg. Winding directions of the first winding, the second winding, and the third windings are set so that magnetic fluxes generated by DC currents flowing through the respective windings merge in the same direction at the center leg, and winding directions of the fourth winding and the fifth winding are set so that magnetic fluxes generated by AC currents flowing through the respective windings cancel each other at the center leg. Thus, the transformer and the DC reactor are integrated using the three-leg core, whereby size reduction and loss reduction of the integrated magnetic component are achieved.

Abstract: A magnetic tunnel junction device includes a first ferromagnetic layer, a tunnel barrier that is in contact with the first ferromagnetic layer, and a synthetic ferrimagnetic reference layer that is in contact with the tunnel barrier while being in the other side of the first ferromagnetic layer, in which the synthetic ferrimagnetic reference layer includes a second ferromagnetic layer that has a first magnetization direction while being in contact with the tunnel barrier, a magnetic layer that has a second magnetization direction which is anti-parallel to the first magnetization direction, and a first nonmagnetic layer that is interposed between the second ferromagnetic layer and the magnetic layer, and lateral dimensions of the magnetic layer of the synthetic ferrimagnetic reference layer are made larger than lateral dimensions of the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member which hardly undergoes deformation even when subjected to a load over a long period of time under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment and thus can stably form a high-quality electrophotographic image. The electrophotographic member includes: an electroconductive substrate; and an electroconductive resin layer on the substrate, in which the resin layer contains a cation having a specific structure and a specific anion.

Abstract: An electric power conversion device which performs conversion to desired voltage using charge and discharge of a DC capacitor includes: a reactor connected to a rectification circuit; a leg part in which diodes and first and second switching elements are connected in series between positive and negative terminals of a smoothing capacitor, and to which the reactor is connected; and the DC capacitor. A control circuit performs high-frequency PWM control for the first and second switching elements using the same drive cycle, with their reference phases shifted from each other by a half cycle, and controls a sum and a ratio of ON periods of the first and second switching elements in one cycle, thereby allowing both high-power-factor control for input AC current and voltage control for the DC capacitor.

Abstract: In this DC/DC converter, a first switching circuit is connected between a first winding of a transformer and a DC power supply, and a second switching circuit is connected between a second winding and a battery. A control circuit includes a first circuit for performing feedback control so as to reduce a difference between a detected value and a command value of charge current, and a second circuit for correcting one of control input and output of the first circuit on the basis of the detected value and the command value. In charging the battery, the control circuit controls a phase shift amount of a first diagonal element in the first switching circuit and a phase shift amount of a second diagonal element in the second switching circuit relative to the drive phase of a first reference element in the first switching circuit.

Abstract: A first winding, a second winding, a fourth winding, and a fifth winding functioning as a transformer are wound around respective side legs of a three-leg core. Third windings functioning as a DC reactor are wound around a center leg. Winding directions of the first winding, the second winding, and the third windings are set so that magnetic fluxes generated by DC currents flowing through the respective windings merge in the same direction at the center leg, and winding directions of the fourth winding and the fifth winding are set so that magnetic fluxes generated by AC currents flowing through the respective windings cancel each other at the center leg. Thus, the transformer and the DC reactor are integrated using the three-leg core, whereby size reduction and loss reduction of the integrated magnetic component are achieved.