Abstract: Provided is a member for electrophotography that is not reduced in charge-providing performance even by its long-term storage and use under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and is hence conducive to the formation of a high-quality electrophotographic image. The member for electrophotography includes: an electroconductive substrate; and an electroconductive layer, in which: the electroconductive layer contains a resin having a cationic organic group in a molecule thereof and an anion; a total sum of contents of an alkali metal and an alkali earth metal in the electroconductive layer is 500 ppm or less; and the anion includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluorosulfonate anion, a fluorocarboxylate anion, a fluorosulfonylimide anion, a fluorosulfonylmethide anion, a fluoroalkylfluoroborate anion, a fluorophosphate anion, a fluoroantimonate anion, and a fluoroarsenate anion.

Abstract: A member for electrophotography has an electro-conductive base and at least one electro-conductive resin layer, in which the electro-conductive resin layer of the outermost layer contains urethane resin and the urethane resin has a structure of a silicone graft fluororesin and a structure represented by Formula (1)

Abstract: In a drive system including a battery, a power generation device (PGD) including a generator mounted to an engine shaft, and a drive device (DD) including a motor for driving a driven component, a drive controller performs a drive control for PGD and DD and a switching control for a switching device. During a parallel connection, respective high-voltage side terminals (HVTs) of PGD and the battery are connected to a HVT of DD, and respective low-voltage side terminals (LVTs) of PGD and the battery are connected to LVT of DD. During a series connection, HVT of any one of PGD and the battery is connected to HVT of DD, and LVT of another one of PGD and the battery is connected to LVT of DD, and terminals of PGD and the battery, which are not connected to DD, are connected to each other.

Abstract: This power conversion device includes a rectification circuit, a reactor, an inverter circuit, and an isolation transformer. The inverter circuit is composed of a first leg A, a second leg B, and a DC capacitor connected in parallel between DC buses. A first AC end of the first leg A is connected to a positive DC terminal of the rectification circuit via the reactor. High power factor control of current iac flowing from an AC power supply via the rectification circuit is performed by PWM control for the first leg A, and voltage Vdc of the DC capacitor is controlled by PWM control for the second leg B using a duty cycle equal to or smaller than that for the first leg A, thereby controlling power outputted to the secondary side of the isolation transformer.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member that has a high excessive charging-suppressing effect under a low-temperature and low-humidity environment, and has high charge-providing performance under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic member. The electrophotographic member is an electrophotographic member including an electro-conductive substrate and an electro-conductive resin layer, the electro-conductive resin layer contains a cation and at least one anion selected from the group consisting of anions represented by the following formulae (1) to (5): where X represents an arbitrary halogen atom, n in the structural formula (4) represents an integer of from 2 to 6, and n in the structural formula (5) represents an integer of 2 or 3.

Abstract: A power conversion device includes switching elements, a reactor, and capacitors in each of which plural capacitor elements are connected in parallel to each other. Then, a carrier frequency used for controlling switching of the switching elements is set so that it is less than series resonance frequencies of all of the capacitor elements in the capacitors, and integer multiples of that frequency are each not equal to a parallel resonance frequency.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member capable of forming a high-quality electrophotographic image. The electrophotographic member includes an electroconductive substrate and an electroconductive resin layer on the electroconductive substrate, in which the electroconductive resin layer contains a resin having, in the molecule, a specific cation structure, and a specific anion.

Abstract: A power supply unit includes: a first rectifying device connected to the direct current power source, a second rectifying device having an anode connected to the first rectifying device, a first condenser having one end connected to the second rectifying device, a second condenser connected to the second rectifying device, a third rectifying device having an anode connected to the second rectifying device, a resonance reactor connected to the third rectifying device and connected to the first condenser, s switching device connected to the direct current power source and connected the third rectifying device, an output reactor connected to the third rectifying device, an output condenser connected to the direct current power source and connected to the output reactor, an output rectifying device connected to the first condenser and connected to the direct current power source, a control circuit sending a gate signal to the switching device.

Abstract: The operation efficiency and accuracy of the simultaneous analysis of phospholipids, including fatty acid compositions are increased. After a first-time LC/MS/MS analysis for determining the phospholipid classes of the phospholipid contained in a sample is performed (S2-S3), a second-time LC/MS/MS analysis for determining fatty acid compositions is performed only for the detected phospholipids (S4-S8). By associating a method list in which an MRM transition for phospholipid class determination is recorded for each compound of phospholipid classes with a method list in which an MRM transition for fatty acid composition determination is recorded for each phospholipid compound, it is possible to promptly select MRM transitions for fatty acid composition determination that correspond to compounds of the detected phospholipid classes, and to easily create an analysis method for the second-time analysis.

Abstract: A power conversion device includes switching elements, a reactor, and capacitors in each of which plural capacitor elements are connected in parallel to each other. Then, a carrier frequency used for controlling switching of the switching elements is set so that it is less than series resonance frequencies of all of the capacitor elements in the capacitors, and integer multiples of that frequency are each not equal to a parallel resonance frequency.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member that is excellent in charge-imparting performance for a toner, and that hardly causes tackiness on its surface even when placed under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment over a long time period. The electrophotographic member includes a substrate and a surface layer, in which the surface layer satisfies the following requirements (A) and (B): (A) the surface layer contains, in a region from its surface to a depth of up to 0.1 ?m, a copolymer containing a constituent unit represented by the following structural formula (1), and at least one selected from the group consisting of a constituent unit represented by the following structural formula (2) and a constituent unit represented by the following structural formula (3); and (B) the concentration of a nitrogen atom derived from a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic amine structure in the copolymer is from 6.0 mass % to 30.0 mass %.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic electro-conductive member containing an ion-exchange group structure in an electro-conductive layer, whereby the bleeding of an ionic conductive agent to the surface of the electro-conductive layer is suppressed and reduction in electro-conductivity caused by electrification is low. For this purpose, the electrophotographic member of the present invention is an electrophotographic member having an electro-conductive mandrel and an electro-conductive layer, wherein the electro-conductive layer contains a resin having any one or more of partial structures represented by the specific formulas (1) to (7) in the molecule, and an anion.

Abstract: A power convertor including an inverter driving a motor generator, a first DC/DC converter connected to a DC bus of the inverter, a second DC/DC converter varying voltage of the DC bus, and a control device controlling the inverter, the first DC/DC converter, and the second DC/DC converter. The power converter is a power conversion device setting voltage of the DC bus in a second control state higher than a voltage of the DC bus in a first control state by controlling the second DC/DC converter according to the control device. By setting the voltage of the DC bus of the inverter to a low voltage when it is not necessary, it is possible to reduce loss in the inverter and the step-down DC/DC converter, and to downsize the inverter and the step-down DC/DC converter.

Abstract: There is provided an adhesive sheet for a semiconductor and a dicing tape integrated adhesive sheet for a semiconductor that are each good in cuttability when the sheets are each cut into individual pieces by expansion and are each good in embeddability into irregularities in a wiring board when the sheets are each molded thereto. An adhesive sheet for a semiconductor includes a resin composition containing a high-molecular-weight component and a filler, the breaking elongation of the adhesive sheet before curing is 40% or less at 0° C., and the elastic modulus of the adhesive sheet after curing is from 0.1 to 10 MPa at 175° C.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member that has a high excessive charging-suppressing effect under a low-temperature and low-humidity environment, and has high charge-providing performance under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic member. The electrophotographic member is an electrophotographic member including an electro-conductive substrate and an electro-conductive resin layer, the electro-conductive resin layer contains a cation and at least one anion selected from the group consisting of anions represented by the following formulae (1) to (5): where X represents an arbitrary halogen atom, n in the structural formula (4) represents an integer of from 2 to 6, and n in the structural formula (5) represents an integer of 2 or 3.

Abstract: In a DC/DC converter, a first switching circuit is connected between a first winding of a transformer and a DC power supply, and a second switching circuit is connected between a second winding and a battery. In charging the battery, a control circuit controls respectively phase shift amounts of first and second diagonal elements in the first and second switching circuits relative to the drive phase of a first reference element in the first switching circuit. During a step-up charge control period, if charge current is positive or zero, the control circuit performs control so that the phase shift amount becomes greater than the phase shift amount by an amount exceeding a short-circuit prevention time for the switching elements, allowing step-up operation to be performed, improving controllability in step-up control.

Abstract: An electric power conversion device includes a transformer composed of three or more windings magnetically coupled with each other, wherein power supply sources, are connected to at least two windings, via switching circuits, a load is connected to at least one winding, and a control circuit temporally divides, within one switching period, a total ON time during which power is supplied, in accordance with the number of the power supply sources, to supply power, the one switching period being the minimum repetitive unit during which power is supplied alternately. The control circuit allocates the divided ON times to the respective switching circuits, and the switching circuits, supply power from the power supply sources, to the load side during the allocated ON times, respectively.

Abstract: Provided an electrophotographic member that contributes to the formation of a higher grade of an electrophotograph than ever for use in an ultralow-temperature environment. The electrophotographic member has an electro-conductive resin layer, and the resin layer comprises a resin having a specific structure and an anion.

Abstract: A main circuit of a power conversion device includes: an AC/DC converter for performing power factor correction control for a single-phase AC power supply; and a DC/DC converter connected to the AC/DC converter via a DC capacitor. In order to reduce ripple voltage and ripple current for the DC capacitor, a control circuit superimposes, onto a DC current command, an AC current command having the minimum value at the zero cross phase of the single-phase AC power supply and having the maximum value at the peak phase thereof, to generate an output current command for the DC/DC converter, and performs output control for the DC/DC converter, using the output current command.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic member including an electro-conductive substrate and a surface layer on the substrate. The surface layer contains a urethane resin and a first polymer having a specific nitrogen-containing structure. The urethane resin has a structure derived from a second polymer containing a fluorine atom or a structure derived from a third polymer containing a fluorine atom and a silicon atom. The surface layer contains nitrogen atoms derived from the nitrogen-containing structure at a specific ratio in a region from the outer surface of the surface layer to a depth of 300 nm, and the atomic ratios of nitrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, and silicon atoms in a region from a depth of 100 nm from the outer surface of the surface layer to a depth of 300 nm and a region from the outer surface to a depth of 10 nm have specific relationships.