Abstract: A bipolar transistor includes a collector layer, a base layer, and an emitter layer that are formed in this order on a compound semiconductor substrate. The emitter layer is disposed inside an edge of the base layer in plan view. A base electrode is disposed on partial regions of the emitter layer and the base layer so as to extend from an inside of the emitter layer to an outside of the base layer in plan view. An insulating film is disposed between the base electrode and a portion of the base layer, with the portion not overlapping the emitter layer. An alloy layer extends from the base electrode through the emitter layer in a thickness direction and reaches the base layer. The alloy layer contains at least one element constituting the base electrode and elements constituting the emitter layer and the base layer.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell including an MEA including an electrolyte membrane and anode and cathode catalyst layers sandwiching the electrolyte membrane; an impedance measuring device measuring AC impedance of the fuel cell when AC voltage is applied to the fuel cell; an impedance acquisition unit configured to obtain a first imaginary part value of the AC impedance measured when AC voltage with a fixed frequency satisfying Fixed frequency [Hz]×(Thickness of the electrolyte membrane [?m])2?500 [Hz×?m2] is applied in a state where a relative humidity of the MEA is 20% or greater, and a fuel gas is present and an oxidant gas is absent in the anode and cathode catalyst layers; and a metal ion estimation unit configured to estimate a content of metal ions in the electrolyte membrane based on the first imaginary part value of the AC impedance.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell including an MEA including an electrolyte membrane and anode and cathode catalyst layers sandwiching the electrolyte membrane; an impedance measuring device measuring AC impedance of the fuel cell when AC voltage is applied to the fuel cell; an impedance acquisition unit configured to obtain a first imaginary part value of the AC impedance measured when AC voltage with a fixed frequency satisfying Fixed frequency [Hz]×(Thickness of the electrolyte membrane [?m])2?500 [Hz×?m2] is applied in a state where a relative humidity of the MEA is 20% or greater, and a fuel gas is present and an oxidant gas is absent in the anode and cathode catalyst layers; and a metal ion estimation unit configured to estimate a content of metal ions in the electrolyte membrane based on the first imaginary part value of the AC impedance.

Abstract: A method to tune an emission wavelength of a wavelength tunable laser apparatus is disclosed. The laser apparatus implements, in addition to a wavelength tunable laser diode (t-LD) integrating with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), a wavelength monitor including an etalon filter. The current emission wavelength is determined by a ratio of the magnitude of a filtered beam passing the etalon filter to a raw beam not passing the etalon filter. The method first sets the SOA in an absorbing mode to sense stray component disturbing the wavelength monitor, then correct the ratio of the beams by subtracting the contribution from the stray component.

Abstract: A method to tune an emission wavelength of a wavelength tunable laser apparatus is disclosed. The laser apparatus implements, in addition to a wavelength tunable laser diode (t-LD) integrating with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), a wavelength monitor including an etalon filter. The current emission wavelength is determined by a ratio of the magnitude of a filtered beam passing the etalon filter to a raw beam not passing the etalon filter. The method first sets the SOA in an absorbing mode to sense stray component disturbing the wavelength monitor, then correct the ratio of the beams by subtracting the contribution from the stray component.

Abstract: A method to tune an emission wavelength of a wavelength tunable laser apparatus is disclosed. The laser apparatus implements, in addition to a wavelength tunable laser diode (t-LD) integrating with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), a wavelength monitor including an etalon filter. The current emission wavelength is determined by a ratio of the magnitude of a filtered beam passing the etalon filter to a raw beam not passing the etalon filter. The method first sets the SOA in an absorbing mode to sense stray component disturbing the wavelength monitor, then correct the ratio of the beams by subtracting the contribution from the stray component.

Abstract: A driving condition for causing the tunable wavelength laser to conduct laser oscillation at a first wavelength is acquired. a driving condition for causing the tunable wavelength laser to conduct laser oscillation at the second wavelength is calculated. The tunable wavelength laser is driven based on the driving condition of the second wavelength, feedback control that changes the driving condition of the tunable wavelength laser based on a difference between an output of the wavelength sensing unit and the target value is performed, and the tunable wavelength laser is caused to oscillate at the second wavelength. The driving condition of the tunable wavelength laser obtained by the feedback control when oscillation has occurred at the second wavelength is stored in the memory. Thereafter, the tunable wavelength laser is driven with reference to the stored driving condition of the tunable wavelength laser.

Abstract: In the method for controlling a tunable wavelength laser, information designating an oscillation wavelength is inputted. A driving condition for causing laser oscillation at a first wavelength is acquired from a memory. A control value of wavelength characteristics of the etalon and a difference between the first wavelength and a second wavelength are referred to, and a control value of wavelength characteristics of the etalon for causing laser oscillation at the second wavelength is calculated. The control value of wavelength characteristics of the etalon are assigned to the tunable wavelength laser, and a wavelength is controlled so that a wavelength sensing result becomes a first target value. Information indicating a wavelength shift amount from the designated oscillation wavelength is inputted. The wavelength sensing result is calculated as a second target value. The wavelength is controlled so that the wavelength sensing result becomes the second target value.

Abstract: A method of controlling a wavelength tunable laser to control an oscillation wavelength based on a difference between a detection result of a wavelength by a wavelength detecting unit and a target value, the method includes: acquiring a first drive condition of the wavelength tunable laser to make the wavelength tunable laser oscillate at a first wavelength from a memory; calculating a second drive condition to drive the wavelength tunable laser at a second wavelength by referring to the first drive condition and a wavelength difference between the first wavelength and the second wavelength, the second wavelength differing from the first wavelength; and driving the wavelength tunable laser based on the second drive condition calculated at the calculating of the second drive condition.

Abstract: A method of controlling a wavelength tunable laser to control an oscillation wavelength based on a difference between a detection result of a wavelength by a wavelength detecting unit and a target value, the method includes: acquiring a first drive condition of the wavelength tunable laser to make the wavelength tunable laser oscillate at a first wavelength from a memory; calculating a second drive condition to drive the wavelength tunable laser at a second wavelength by referring to the first drive condition and a wavelength difference between the first wavelength and the second wavelength, the second wavelength differing from the first wavelength; and driving the wavelength tunable laser based on the second drive condition calculated at the calculating of the second drive condition.

Abstract: The method for controlling a wavelength-tunable laser comprises a first step of acquiring a driving condition of the wavelength-tunable laser for laser oscillation at a first wavelength, and a second step of calculating according to the driving condition of the first wavelength and a wavelength difference between the first wavelength and a second wavelength different from the first wavelength a control value or target value of a wavelength characteristic of the second wavelength in the wavelength detection unit, so as to calculate a driving condition for driving the wavelength-tunable laser, the second step including a step of selecting according to the wavelength difference one of etalon slopes having respective gradients identical and opposite to a gradient of an etalon slope used for controlling the first wavelength.

Abstract: A method of controlling a wavelength tunable laser to control an oscillation wavelength based on a difference between a detection result of a wavelength by a wavelength detecting unit and a target value, the method includes: acquiring a first drive condition of the wavelength tunable laser to make the wavelength tunable laser oscillate at a first wavelength from a memory; calculating a second drive condition to drive the wavelength tunable laser at a second wavelength by referring to the first drive condition and a wavelength difference between the first wavelength and the second wavelength, the second wavelength differing from the first wavelength; and driving the wavelength tunable laser based on the second drive condition calculated at the calculating of the second drive condition.

Abstract: A shoe midsole is composed of a base plate (1), a cover (2), a plurality of blades (3), and liquid (4). The blades (3) are formed in such a manner as to rise within a first region (11) of the base plate (1). The blades (3) are each composed of a plurality of flat-shaped blade elements (32, 33) separated each other by slits (31), and are tilted toward the toe side or the heel side. The flat-shaped blade elements (32, 33) are disposed in such a manner as to be divergent toward the toe side or the heel side. The base plate (1) and the cover (2) are joined together, thereby forming a closed space (5), and the liquid (4) is sealed in the closed space.

Abstract: The method for controlling a wavelength-tunable laser comprises a first step of acquiring a driving condition of the wavelength-tunable laser for laser oscillation at a first wavelength, and a second step of calculating according to the driving condition of the first wavelength and a wavelength difference between the first wavelength and a second wavelength different from the first wavelength a control value or target value of a wavelength characteristic of the second wavelength in the wavelength detection unit, so as to calculate a driving condition for driving the wavelength-tunable laser, the second step including a step of selecting according to the wavelength difference one of etalon slopes having respective gradients identical and opposite to a gradient of an etalon slope used for controlling the first wavelength.

Abstract: A method to tune an emission wavelength of a wavelength tunable laser apparatus is disclosed. The laser apparatus implements, in addition to a wavelength tunable laser diode (t-LD) integrating with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), a wavelength monitor including an etalon filter. The current emission wavelength is determined by a ratio of the magnitude of a filtered beam passing the etalon filter to a raw beam not passing the etalon fitter. The method first sets the SOA in an absorbing mode to sense stray component disturbing the wavelength monitor, then correct the ratio of the beams by subtracting the contribution from the stray component.

Abstract: A method for controlling a wavelength tunable laser is disclosed, wherein a temperature of an optical waveguide is used in the wavelength tunable laser as a driving condition. The method comprises: acquiring a first driving condition from a memory, the wavelength tunable laser being operable to emit light of a first wavelength in the first driving condition; calculating a second driving condition using the first driving condition and a wavelength difference between the first wavelength and a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, the wavelength tunable laser being operable to emit light of the second wavelength in the second driving condition, the second driving condition being calculated under a condition that a temperature of the optical waveguide is always lower than a temperature of the optical waveguide represented by the first driving condition; and driving the wavelength tunable laser based on the second driving condition.

Abstract: The method for controlling a wavelength-tunable laser comprises a first step of acquiring a driving condition of the wavelength-tunable laser for laser oscillation at a first wavelength, and a second step of calculating according to the driving condition of the first wavelength and a wavelength difference between the first wavelength and a second wavelength different from the first wavelength a control value or target value of a wavelength characteristic of the second wavelength in the wavelength detection unit, so as to calculate a driving condition for driving the wavelength-tunable laser, the second step including a step of selecting according to the wavelength difference one of etalon slopes having respective gradients identical and opposite to a gradient of an etalon slope used for controlling the first wavelength.

Abstract: The present inventors successfully produced monoclonal antibodies that are specific to only soluble A? oligomers, but do not recognize soluble A? monomers, which are physiological molecules. It was demonstrated that the antibodies are useful as diagnostic/therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The present inventors successfully produced monoclonal antibodies that are specific to only soluble A? oligomers, but do not recognize soluble A? monomers, which are physiological molecules. It was demonstrated that the antibodies are useful as diagnostic/therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: A method for controlling a wavelength tunable laser is disclosed, wherein a temperature of an optical waveguide is used in the wavelength tunable laser as a driving condition. The method comprises: acquiring a first driving condition from a memory, the wavelength tunable laser being operable to emit light of a first wavelength in the first driving condition; calculating a second driving condition using the first driving condition and a wavelength difference between the first wavelength and a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, the wavelength tunable laser being operable to emit light of the second wavelength in the second driving condition, the second driving condition being calculated under a condition that a temperature of the optical waveguide is always lower than a temperature of the optical waveguide represented by the first driving condition; and driving the wavelength tunable laser based on the second driving condition.