Abstract: An improved photosensitive member for use in electrophotography which comprises a substrate and a light receiving layer having a charge carrier generation layer and a charge carrier transportation layer composed of a carbonic film the nucleus of which matrix being carbon atom, which contains 40 atomic % or less of hydrogen atom and which possesses an optical band gap of 1.5 eV or more and an electric conductivity of 10.sup.-11 .OMEGA..sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 or less.It is always and substantially stable regardless of the changes in use environments and it enables to make highly resolved images with a clear half-tone which are highly dense and quality at high speed.

Abstract: An improved photosensitive member for use in electrophotography which is characterized by having a substrate and a photoconductive layer comprising a carbonic film, the nucleus of which matrix being carbon atom, which contains 30 atomic % or less of hydrogen atom and at least one selected from the elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table, and which has an optical band gap of more than 1.5 eV and an electrical conductivity of 10.sup.-11 .OMEGA..sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 or less.It is always and substantially stable regardless of the changes in use environments and it enables to make highly resolved images with a clear half-tone which are highly dense and quality at high speed.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a flow of fine particles including a convergent-devergent nozzle in the flow path of the fine particles, and a controller for controlling the discharge of gas from a downstream chamber to maintain the pressures at the nozzle outlet and in the downstream chamber approximately equal to each other.

Abstract: A heat-generating resistor having a functional thin film comprising an amorphous material containing halogen atoms in a matrix of carbon atoms formed on a substrate.

Abstract: A heat-generating resistor, having a functional thin film comprising an amorphous material containing hydrogen atoms in a matrix of carbon atoms formed on a substrate.

Abstract: A liquid jet recording head such as an ink jet recording head has liquid passages having liquid outlets through which a recording liquid is discharged in the form of jet of droplet, and electro-thermal transducers for generating heat which produce energy for discharging the liquid in response to inputted electric signals. The electro-thermal transducer has a heat-generating resistance layer which is made of an amorphous material containing halogen atoms and hydrogen atoms in a matrix of carbon atoms. Disclosed also is a recording system incorporating this recording head. The amorphous material can further contain silicon atoms and/or germanium atoms.

Abstract: A thermal recording head, which comprises at least one set of a heating resistor layer and at least one pair of electrodes electrically connected to the heating resistor layer, formed on a substrate, the heating resistor layer being composed of amorphous material comprising carbon atoms as a matrix and hydrogen atoms.

Abstract: An electron emission device comprises a P-type semiconductor layer which emits electron injected into the P-type semiconductor layer by utilizing the negative electron affinity state. At least one of said N-type semiconductor layer and the P-type semiconductor layer is made to have a super-lattice structure.

Abstract: An electron emitting apparatus comprising a plurality of electron emitting devices having an elongated electron emitting pattern which extends in a first direction. The adjacent electron emitting devices are arranged so as to be deviated in a second direction which crosses the first direction.

Abstract: An electron emission device for attracting electrons emitted from an electron emission element to an anode, includes a current detector for detecting a flow-in current to said electron emission element and a flow-out current from the electron emission element. The difference between the flow-in current and the flow-out current is calculated and the voltage applied to the electron emission element is adjusted in accordance with the difference between the flow-in current and the flow-out cuttent.

Abstract: A thermal recording head comprises a heating resistor layer and at least a pair of electrodes electrically connected to said heating resistor layer, at least one combination of said heating resistor layer and said at least a pair of electrodes being formed on a substrate, wherein said heating resistor layer essentially consists of an amorphous material containing carbon atoms as a major constituent and halogen atoms.

Abstract: A heat generating resistor having a functional thin film comprising an amorphous material containing halogen atoms and hydrogen atoms non-uniformly distributed in a matrix of carbon atoms formed on a substrate. Optionally, the thin film also contains silicon and/or germanium, and a substance for controlling the electroconductivity of the thin film. The optional ingredients are also non-uniformly distributed within the thin film.

Abstract: A display apparatus comprises a first substrate provided with a thin film transistor array as a driving switching element and a second substrate provided with another electrode, and produces a display by electro-optical change generated between these substrates. Visibility of the display is improved in such a way that rays of light incident on the display apparatus are converted into diffusion light. Photoconductive material, in particular amorphous silicon, can be used by covering semiconductive portions of the thin film transistor array of the display apparatus with an intercepting member. In a display apparatus using a thin film transistor array as a driving switching element, a conductive surface electrically insulated from gate lines on a substrate on where the gate lines for the thin film transistor array are formed, such conductive surface acts as a counter electrode of capacitors for storing charge.

Abstract: An electric circuit member comprises a substrate provided with a thin film transistor array thereon, an inorganic insulating layer formed over said thin film transistor array and an organic insulating layer formed over said inorganic insulating layer.

Abstract: A display panel comprises a pair of electrode plates oppositely spaced from each other. One of the electrode plates has switching elements provided with gate lines and source lines, and the other electrode plate has counter electrodes thereon. At least one of the pair of electrode plates is provided along at least one of gate lines and the source lines with non-transmissive members, and spacer members are provided between the pair of electrode plates along the non-transmissive members.

Abstract: A method for orienting a liquid crystal comprises bringing a liquid crystal into contact with a heat treated surface of an electrode substrate provided with a film formed by coating a silane compound having alkoxy and an organic residue having at least a fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon residue, the heat treatment being effected under vacuum or under the conditions that the heating temperature and the treating time are within the region of a triangle having the vertexes at (1.75, 0), (2.5, 0) and (1.75, 3.7) in a coordinate with 1000 x (x being the reciprocal of absolute temperature) on the abscissa and ln k' on the ordinate where k' is the ratio of 300 min. to the treating time (min.).Liquid crystal display devices utilize the electrode substrate thus treated.

Abstract: A display apparatus comprises a first substrate provided with a thin film transistor array as a driving switching element and a second substrate provided with another electrode, and produces a display by electro-optical change generated between these substrates. Visibility of the display is improved in such a way that rays of light incident on the display apparatus are converted into diffusion light. Photoconductive material, in particular amorphous silicon, can be used by covering semiconductive portions of the thin film transistor array of the display apparatus with an intercepting member. In a display apparatus using a thin film transistor array as a driving switching element, a conductive surface electrically insulated from gate lines on a substrate on where the gate lines for the thin film transistor array are formed, such conductive surface acts as a counter electrode of capacitors for storing charge.

Abstract: A method for forming images comprises applying voltage or electric charge to one or more electrodes selected from an electrode group comprising electrodes each of which has a transistor and attaching a toner to the selected electrodes. A device for forming images comprises an electrode group and a toner supplying device, each of electrodes of the electrode group being provided with a transistor.

Abstract: The hydrogenated amorphous silicon photoconductive layer has an infrared spectrum containing a peak at 880.+-.10 cm.sup.-1 (intensity of this peak being referred to as I.sub.A) and a peak at 970.+-.10 cm.sup.-1 (intensity of this peak being referred to as I.sub.B) in the infrared spectrum, the ratio I.sub.A /I.sub.B, being not more than 1.0.

Abstract: A photoelectric transducing element with a high polymer substrate, being characterized in that the element comprises a conductor layer formed on a flexible high polymer insulation film substrate and comprising at least one pair of independent conductor patterns and a photoelectric transducing layer superposed on the patterned portion of the conductor layer and consisting of a thin film of amorphous photoconductive material formed by means of a thin film forming means.