Abstract: An axle driving apparatus including a housing which houses a hydrostatic transmission (HST), an axle having a lateral axis of rotation, and a transmitting mechanism for transmitting power from the HST to the axle. A first oil sump and a second oil sump are formed in the housing. The HST is disposed in the first oil sump. The axle and the transmitting mechanism are disposed in the second oil sump. An oil passage is interposed between the first and second oil sumps, so as to make oil flow from the upper portion of the first oil sump to the second oil sump therethrough when the oil in the first oil sump is expanded over the volume of the first oil sump. Also, the first oil sump is separated from the outside air, and the second oil sump is communicated with the outside air.

Abstract: An economical display data conversion apparatus for reducing the cost of an LED printer includes a switch matrix circuit and a shift register, wherein the switch matrix circuit has the same number of output terminals as the number of LED cells of an LED array and a smaller number of input terminals than the number of output terminals, multiplies an input signal and outputs the multiplied signal when the LED array having high resolution is caused to emit light at the same resolution as resolution of printing data having a plurality of different kinds of low degrees of resolution, and the shift register includes the same number of registers as the number of input terminals of the switch matrix circuit cascaded with one another, and can cut a predetermined number of registers on the rear stage side by a select switch and a short-circuit.

Abstract: A hydrostatic transmission including a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor fluidly connected with each other, being immersed in an oil sump formed in a housing. A pair of oil passages for fluidly connecting the hydraulic pump with the hydraulic motor are formed in a center section on which the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor are mounted. The center section is provided on an outer surface thereof with a pair of openings of the respective oil passages. A control arm is disposed in the housing so as to interlock with a pump capacity changing member like a movable swash plate, thereby enabling the pump capacity changing member to be moved to various actuation positions including a neutral position in association with rotation of the control arm rotated to various actuation positions including a neutral position. A contact member having a surface abutting against the pair of openings of the center section is formed integrally with the control arm. A pair of oil passages are provided in the contact member.

Abstract: A hydrostatic transmission is provided comprising a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor fluidly connected with each other through a closed fluid circuit. Pistons press against a control arm connected with a movable swash plate of the hydraulic pump and generate a friction force when the movable swash plate, which has been rotated slantwise, automatically returns toward the neutral position by a neutral return spring. The movable swash plate gradually returns to the neutral position by pressure of the piston. A discharging oil hole is open at the utmost end of each of the pistons for draining a portion of operating oil which operates the piston in the closed fluid circuit to the interior of a housing. Grooves are formed along a surface of the control arm abutting against the pistons.

Abstract: An axle driving apparatus which houses in a housing axles and an HST for driving the axles so that a running vehicle can be driven by stepless transmission. The hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor constituting the HST are provided on a center section and are fluidly-connected with each other. The center section is formed in plate-like shape and is disposed in the housing horizontally. The hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor are separated to one side and to another side of the axle and extend longitudinally of the apparatus, thereby making the apparatus compact and improving the weight balance thereof.

Abstract: An axle driving apparatus of the present invention consists of a hydrostatic transmission for driving a vehicle. The transmission is so designed that a fan is disposed on a power input shaft so as to cool a housing as well as cooling tubing or an oil passage disposed between the fan and the upper surface of the housing. The housing of the axle driving apparatus is filled with lubricating oil, used on the gears and bearings of the power transmission from the hydrostatic transmission to the axles, and operating oil, used in the pump and motor of the hydrostatic transmission. The oil circulates within the tubing or the oil passage. Cooling the oil passing in the tubing or the oil passage prevents a deterioration in efficiency of the axle driving apparatus.

Abstract: A plurality of electrostatic recording units are arranged in series along a path for moving a recording sheet of paper, and charged toner images having different colors are formed on the sheet of paper travelled through the path. A paper feeder unit is arranged beneath a paper introduction side of the paper moving path. The sheet of paper carrying the toner image formed thereon is ejected from a paper ejection side of the paper moving path, and is sent to a fixer in which the toner image is fixed on the sheet of paper. The sheet of paper carrying the toner image fixed thereon is sent to a paper receiver tray positioned above the fixer.

Abstract: A hydrostatic transmission is provided with a housing, an input shaft supported by and projecting from said housing, a joint disposed on a projecting end of said input shaft, a hydraulic pump disposed in the housing driven by the input shaft, a first output shaft supported by and projecting from the housing, a hydraulic motor disposed in the housing, hydraulically connected with the hydraulic pump, an output connected to the hydraulic motor, a gear transmission disposed in the housing for connecting the output of the hydraulic motor and the first output shaft, a second output shaft supported by and projecting from the housing, a joint disposed on the projecting end of the second output shaft, and a clutch disposed in the housing and selectively operable to connect and disconnect the input shaft and the second output shaft.

Abstract: The present invention allows an operating device to be driven by power taken from an input shaft of a mechanical speed change gear. A clutch interposed between the power take-off shaft and the operating device automatically disengages when gears are being shifted to prevent the inertial rotation of the operating device from being transmitted to the input shaft during gear shifts. The inertial rotation would otherwise hinder the gear shifting operation by driving the input shaft even though the engine is disengaged by a main clutch. Inertial rotation is of special concern when synchromesh gears are used in the transmission, because it inhibits synchronization, resulting in large probability of abnormal wear to the synchronizer rings or a breakdown of clutch teeth. The present invention solves the problem of inertial rotation being transmitted from the operating device to the input shaft during the gear shifting process.

Abstract: A transmission assembly adapted to be mounted on a front of a vehicle axle casing as a substitute for a hydrostatic transmission comprises a transmission casing (1) and a drive shaft (2) at a high level, a speed-change shaft (4) at a low level, and an intermediate shaft (3) at a level intermediate between the drive and change shafts. These shafts extend within the transmission casing axially of this casing. The intermediate shaft is located aside in a direction across the casing. A clutch (5) is disposed on the drive shaft at an axial mid portion of this shaft, and a hollow shaft (6) which is driven to rotate by the drive shaft through the clutch is disposed on the drive shaft at one axial side of the clutch. A first mechanical speed-change mechanism (7) is disposed between the hollow shaft and intermediate shaft, whereas a second mechanical speed-change mechanism is disposed between the intermediate shaft and change shaft.

Abstract: In a printing system in which printing is conducted on sheets of cut paper supplied from a sheet hopper and the printed sheets are stacked in a stack unit, the binding apparatus binds a bundle of sheets of printed cut paper discharged to the stack unit, wherein the binding apparatus includes: a conveyance arm that holds an end portion of the bundle of printed cut paper in a vertical direction and conveys them in a horizontal direction; a binding machine that binds the bundle of sheets of cut paper conveyed by the conveyance arm with a band-shaped or string-shaped binding medium; an output unit that stocks and outputs the bundle of sheets that have been bound; and a control unit that controls the conveyance arm, binding machine and output unit.

Abstract: Within a vehicle transmission casing (11), a plurality of speed-reducing and -changing gear trains are disposed between a drive shaft (12), which extends laterally of the transmission casing, and a differential gearing (13) for driving left and right wheel axles (15) differentially. The gear trains are composed of plural gears (17, 18; 117, 118, 119), which are fixedly mounted on the drive shaft, and another plural gears (20, 21; 120, 121, 122) which are rotatably mounted on a differential casing (14) of the gearing and mesh respectively with the gears on the drive shaft. A clutch member (23; 123) is disposed on the differential casing for coupling the gears thereon one at a time to this casing. The gears on the differential casing are preferably mounted on this casing through sleeve members (24a, 25b) which may be integral with a collar member (24) for supporting the clutch member slidably but non-rotatably relative to the differential casing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming an electrode, which comprises printing and drying on a glass substrate a thick film paste (a) having an inorganic powder containing an inorganic pigment as the main component, dispersed in an organic binder, then printing a thick film paste (b) having an inorganic powder containing a metal power and a glass powder as the main components, dispersed in an organic binder, to cover at least a part of said thick film paste (a), followed by baking at a temperature of from 400.degree. to 800.degree. C., and then removing (a) at the portion which is not covered by (b), to form an electrode which exhibits a desired color as observed from the side opposite to the printed side. According to the present invention, an electrode which exhibits a desired color as observed from the side of the glass substrate on which no electrode is formed, can be formed with excellent productivity.

Abstract: A toner content control apparatus senses the toner content of developer in a developer station, and performs toner content control by replenishing the consumed toner in the developer station according to the result of a comparison between the sensed toner content and the predesignated standard value. The toner content control apparatus of the present invention is realized by providing a toner content sensor having a sensitivity control circuit. A controller, when the developer is changed, determines an optimum sensor sensitivity control data with which the sensor gives an optimum sensitivity. The controller outputs sensor sensitivity control data to the sensitivity control circuit and updates the sensor sensitivity control data by reducing or increasing the data by a correction value according to whether the difference between the output data of the sensor and the predesignated reference value is positive or not.

Abstract: A method of detecting toner in the toner supplying unit of a developing unit wherein a toner supplying roller is caused to make a single turn, the duration of a signal indicating "no-existence of toner" issued during this single turn period is accumulated by timer function of a control unit. When a total sum of accumulated signal timer duration is longer than a first preset time, including a constant margin added to the difference between the time required for a single turn of the toner supplying roller and the time required for passing over the toner detecting surface by a cleaning means, the "no-existence of toner" condition is detected for the toner supplying unit.

Abstract: A method of suspension polymerization is carried out by dispersing vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium in the presence of an oil soluble catalyst for polymerization and a polymerization improver having units ##STR1## wherein M represents hydrogen atom or an alkali metal; R represents --H, --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --C.sub.3 H.sub.7 or --C.sub.4 H.sub.9 and n represents an integer of 10 to 1500.