Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and structures for systems which can linearize and capture a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., DNA) for re-measurement of the nucleic acid molecule or other polymer prior to detection of the polymer. The structures may allow for quick exchange between different samples or other reagents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a number analyzing method, a number analyzing device, and a storage medium for number analysis, which enable, with high accuracy, analysis of the number or number distribution of particulate or molecular analytes according to the kinds of the analytes. A computer control program is executed on the basis of a data group of particle-passage detection signals which are detected by a nanopore device (8) in accordance with passage of subject particles through a through-hole (12). Also, a particle type distribution estimating program, which is a number deriving means, is executed, to estimate probability density on the basis of a data group based on feature values indicating feature of the waveforms of pulse signals which correspond to the passage of particles and which are obtained as the particle-passage detection signals. Thus, the number of particles can be derived for each particle type.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for creation of stable and consistent nanoelectrode pairs for detection of biomolecules, such as deoxyribonucleic acid.

Abstract: A device for biological material detection includes a substrate; a through-hole through which a biological material to be tested passes, the through-hole being formed in the substrate; a molecule that interacts with the biological material to be tested passing through, the molecule being formed in the through-hole; a first chamber member that forms, with at least the surface including the through-hole on one surface side of the substrate, a first chamber to be filled with electrolyte; and a second chamber member that forms, with at least the surface including the through-hole on the other surface side of the substrate, a second chamber to be filled with electrolyte. The biological material to be tested is identified by the waveform of the ion current (passage time, shape, etc.) when the biological material to be tested passes through the through-hole.

Abstract: The present invention provides technology that uses current measurements to identify nucleotides and determine a nucleotide sequence in polynucleotides. The present invention calculates a modal value of a tunnel current that arises when a nucleotide or polynucleotide for analysis passes through between electrodes, and then employs the calculated modal value. The present invention accordingly enables direct rapid implementation to identify nucleotides and to determine a nucleotide sequence in a polynucleotide without marking.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for sequencing protein samples are provided. In some examples, currents generated when a monomer passes through between electrodes of a nanogap electrode pair are measured for each of several different distances, so that monomers are identified when compared to a reference physical quantity of a known monomer, which may be obtained from a current measured with a similar inter-electrode distance(s) at which each of plural kinds of monomers are identifiable and ordered with predetermined accuracy and based on a detected physical quantity obtained from a tunneling current, which may be further normalized by the use of one or more reference substances.

Abstract: The nano-gap electrode pair 12 is disposed so that a biomolecule joined to at least one or more types of a single molecule included in a sample passes an opposing position, and the strength of the electric field in a position spaced only a predetermined distance on the downstream side from the opposing position 64 becomes stronger than the strength of the electric field in a position spaced only the predetermined distance on the upstream side from the opposing position 64.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, provided is a single particle analyzing device including a measuring vessel, first and second chambers in the vessel defined by an insulating membrane, a pore opening in the membrane to connect the chambers, and first and second electrodes in the chambers. Electric current flows between the electrodes through the pore. Electrical characteristics are measured during migration of the target from the first chamber to the second chamber to measure the size and shape of the target. (a) t<a <d?100a or (b) s<L, s<d?100s, t<L and t<d, wherein a, L and s are the diameter, length and width of the target, d is the diameter of the pore, and t is the thickness of the membrane in the proximity to the pore.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides devices, systems and methods for effectuating nanoelectrodes for use with determining the sequence of double stranded biopolymers. Various modified bases and different metals may be utilized alone or in combination so as to provide differentiation between different nucleobases and to determine which base is associated with which strand.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and structures for systems which can linearize and capture a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., DNA) for re-measurement of the nucleic acid molecule or other polymer prior to detection of the polymer. The structures may allow for quick exchange between different samples or other reagents.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and structures for effectuating nanoelectrodes with an adjustable nanogap. Devices with integrated actuators (e.g., piezoelectric devices) and/or materials with different coefficients of expansion are described. Also described are methods for calibrations nanoelectrode pairs.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for sequencing protein samples are provided. In some examples, currents generated when a monomer passes through between electrodes of a nanogap electrode pair are measured for each of several different distances, so that monomers are identified when compared to a reference physical quantity of a known monomer, which may be obtained from a current measured with a similar inter-electrode distance(s) at which each of plural kinds of monomers are identifiable and ordered with predetermined accuracy and based on a detected physical quantity obtained from a tunneling current, which may be further normalized by the use of one or more reference substances.

Abstract: The analysis method allows analysis of samples with high sensitivity, irrespective of interelectrode distance. The method includes: a step of applying a voltage between a first electrode pair such that an electric field is formed in a direction intersecting a migration direction of a sample; a step of placing a solution, including an electrochemically active molecule that produces a redox reaction at the electrode pair, between the first electrode pair; a step of causing the sample to migrate; and a step of measuring an amount of change in current flow between the first electrode pair.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a biomolecule sequencing device that includes at least one set of nano-gap electrodes arranged so that a current flows when a biomolecule contained in a sample passes in proximity to the set of nano-gap electrodes, an electrophoresis electrode pair for forming an electric field for moving the biomolecule between the electrodes of the set of nano-gap electrodes, a flow path for flowing the sample in a direction towards the nano-gap electrode pair, a flow path for flowing the sample in a direction away from the nano-gap electrode pair, a measurement unit configured to measure a tunnel current generated when the biomolecule passes between the electrodes of the nano-gap electrode pair with an electric field being formed, and an identification unit configured to sequence the biomolecule.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for controlling the moving speed of a substance, both of which can adjust the moving speed of a substance to a desired speed. The control method and control apparatus cause a substance to pass through an internal space, in which an electro-osmotic flow is generated, of a surround electrode formed so as to surround part of the moving path of the substance, whereby the control method and control apparatus change the moving speed of the substance.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for sequencing protein samples are provided. In some examples, currents generated when a monomer passes through between electrodes of a nanogap electrode pair are measured for each of several different distances, so that monomers are identified when compared to a reference physical quantity of a known monomer, which may be obtained from a current measured with a similar inter-electrode distance(s) at which each of plural kinds of monomers are identifiable and ordered with predetermined accuracy and based on a detected physical quantity obtained from a tunneling current, which may be further normalized by the use of one or more reference substances.

Abstract: The present invention provides technology that uses current measurements to identify nucleotides and determine a nucleotide sequence in polynucleotides. The present invention calculates a modal value of a tunnel current that arises when a nucleotide or polynucleotide for analysis passes through between electrodes, and then employs the calculated modal value. The present invention accordingly enables direct rapid implementation to identify nucleotides and to determine a nucleotide sequence in a polynucleotide without marking.

Abstract: The present invention provides technology that uses current measurements to identify nucleotides and determine a nucleotide sequence in polynucleotides. The present invention calculates a modal value of a tunnel current that arises when a nucleotide or polynucleotide for analysis passes through between electrodes, and then employs the calculated modal value. The present invention accordingly enables direct rapid implementation to identify nucleotides and to determine a nucleotide sequence in a polynucleotide without marking.

Abstract: The analysis method allows analysis of samples with high sensitivity, irrespective of interelectrode distance. The method includes: a step of applying a voltage between a first electrode pair such that an electric field is formed in a direction intersecting a migration direction of a sample; a step of placing a solution, including an electrochemically active molecule that produces a redox reaction at the electrode pair, between the first electrode pair; a step of causing the sample to migrate; and a step of measuring an amount of change in current flow between the first electrode pair.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, provided is a single particle analyzing device including a measuring vessel, first and second chambers in the vessel defined by an insulating membrane, a pore opening in the membrane to connect the chambers, and first and second electrodes in the chambers. Electric current flows between the electrodes through the pore. Electrical characteristics are measured during migration of the target from the first chamber to the second chamber to measure the size and shape of the target. (a) t<a <d?100a or (b) s<L, s<d?100s, t<L and t<d, wherein a, L and s are the diameter, length and width of the target, d is the diameter of the pore, and t is the thickness of the membrane in the proximity to the pore.