Abstract: An anti-icing system at least includes: a precooler that exchanges heat between bleed air and outside air; and an anti-icing unit that receives the bleed air passed through the precooler. A bleed air flow rate adjusting section that adjusts a flow rate of the bleed air supplied to the anti-icing unit adjusts the flow rate of the bleed air to suppress pressure of the bleed air to a pressure upper limit or lower by using relationship r1 and relationship r2. The relationship r1 is a relationship between an altitude and a pressure upper limit of the bleed air. The relationship r2 is a relationship between the pressure upper limit and outside air temperature at which the temperature of the bleed air reaches allowable temperature of ducts and other members through which the bleed air flows. The relationship r2 is provided based on the altitude.

Abstract: An anti-icing system according to the present invention blows heated air to a curved inner surface of a main wing of an aircraft. The anti-icing system includes: a piccolo tube that includes a flow path through which the heated air flows in a longitudinal direction from a rear end to a front end, and a plurality of ejection holes provided along the longitudinal direction to make the flow path communicate with an outside; and an engine that supplies the heated air toward the piccolo tube. The heated air ejected from the ejection holes of the piccolo tube is ejected toward an upper limit position and a lower limit position of an outside airflow stagnation point that are virtually formed on the main wing.

Abstract: There is provided an anti-icing system that has a simple structure and makes it possible to exert anti-icing performance by dealing with displacement of a stagnation point without increasing air resistance. The anti-icing system according to the present invention blows heated gas to an inner surface of a wing of an aircraft, and includes: a piccolo tube that includes a flow path through which the heated gas flows in a longitudinal direction from a rear end to a front end, and a plurality of ejection holes provided along the longitudinal direction to make the flow path communicate with an outside; and a supply source that supplies the heated gas toward the piccolo tube. The piccolo tube is held to cause positions of the respective ejection holes to be fixed in a gravity direction.

Abstract: An anti-icing system according to the present invention includes: a piccolo tube that includes a flow path through which heated gas flows in the longitudinal direction from a rear end to a front end, and a plurality of ejection holes provided along the longitudinal direction to make the flow path communicate with an outside; and an engine serving as a supply source that supplies the heated gas toward the piccolo tube. The piccolo tube is decreased in an area of the flow path in a stepwise manner or in a continuous manner in the longitudinal direction, and has a continuous side surface provided with the ejection holes.

Abstract: A composition for forming a passivation layer, comprising a compound represented by Formula (I): M(OR1)m. In Formula (I), M comprises at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, V, Y and Hf, each R1 independently represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and m represents an integer from 1 to 5.

Abstract: A vehicle heat pump air-conditioning system is provided, which is capable of securing a temperature linearity characteristic during dehumidifying heating, slowing progression of a frost formation on an exterior evaporator during heating, and stably continuing a heating operation while suppressing variations in a blowout temperature. In a cooling refrigeration cycle (14) becoming a base, an interior condenser (8) disposed in a HVAC unit (2) is connected to an exterior condenser (10) in parallel via switching means (15), an exterior evaporator (17) is connected to first decompression means (12) and an interior evaporator (7) in parallel via second decompression means (16), a heating heat pump cycle (18) is configured, the first decompression means (12) and the second decompression means (16) are on-off valve function attached decompression means (12, 16), and the exterior evaporator (17) and the interior evaporator (7) can be simultaneously used during dehumidifying heating and heating.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores a program for causing a computer in an information processing apparatus to perform a process of processing print data, which includes plural pages, by a general-purpose operating system and transmitting the processed print data to a printing apparatus. The process includes a reception step of receiving serially the plural pages included in the print data; a generation step of generating a file including a predetermined number of pages and information indicating an order of files corresponding to an order of pages in the print data each time the predetermined number of pages are received at the reception step, wherein the generation step includes an insertion step of inserting into a final page of the print data a statement indicating the final page when the final page is received; and an output step of outputting the file to the general-purpose operating system.

Abstract: An aircraft duct structure includes a first duct through which exhaust air from a front-side equipment compartment flows, and a second duct through which exhaust air from a rear-side equipment compartment flows. The first duct has a terminal end part where the exhaust air inside the second duct flows into the exhaust air inside the first duct at a substantially right angle, and a flow straightening plate located inside the terminal end part. The terminal end part has a jet opening which faces, across a clearance, an air pressure regulating port where an air pressure regulating valve is disposed. The inside of the terminal end part is divided by the flow straightening plate into an upper region and a lower region. The exhaust air inside the first duct and the exhaust air inside the second duct merge together in the upper region.

Abstract: The present invention provides a windshield device including: a windshield; a heater that is provided in the windshield and configured to generate heat by energization; a temperature sensor that is provided in the windshield and configured to detect a temperature; and a control unit that performs power control on the heater. The control unit is configured to supply an input power to the heater, the input power being acquired by applying a detected temperature detected by the temperature sensor to a function that is determined in accordance with a dew-point temperature of an inside of a compartment separated from an outside of the compartment by the windshield.

Abstract: A vehicle air-conditioning system (1) includes an HVAC unit (2) in which a first refrigerant evaporator (7) and a second refrigerant condenser (8) are disposed in an air channel (6) communicating with a vehicle interior space; and a heat pump cycle (3) in which a refrigerant compressor (9), a refrigerant switching device (10), a first refrigerant condenser (11) that exchanges heat with the outside air, a first expansion valve (14), and a first refrigerant evaporator (7) are connected in sequence and in which the second refrigerant condenser (8) is connected in parallel with the first refrigerant condenser (11) via the refrigerant switching device (10). An exhaust-heat recovery circuit (23) equipped with a second refrigerant evaporator (18) disposed in a ventilation channel (19) from the vehicle interior and a second expansion valve (17) is connected in parallel with the first expansion valve (14) and the first refrigerant evaporator (7) of the heat pump cycle (3).

Abstract: An aircraft includes: a cockpit, the inside of which is pressurized; equipment which is at least partially disposed on the outside of the cockpit (external space) where the pressure is lower than the inside of the cockpit (internal space); a forced air delivery mechanism which discharges air from a peripheral space of the equipment on the outside of the cockpit by an exhaust fan to supply a branch flow divided from a main flow of air-conditioning exhaust, which has air-conditioned the inside of the cockpit, as cooling air to the equipment; and a natural air delivery mechanism which uses a differential pressure between the inside of the cockpit and the outside of the cockpit to supply air inside the cockpit as cooling air to the equipment through a ventilation opening putting in communication the peripheral space and the inside of the cockpit with one another.

Abstract: A composition for forming a passivation layer, including a resin and a compound represented by Formula (I): M(OR1)m. In Formula (I), M includes at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, V, Y and Hf, each R1 independently represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and m represents an integer from 1 to 5.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to ensure a heat source, while suppressing a weight increase and a cost increase. A drive apparatus (85) drives a switching element constituted by a transistor that includes a high-heat resistant semiconductor including silicon carbide. The drive apparatus (85) is provided with a voltage adjusting unit (93) that varies a drive voltage to be applied to a conduction control terminal of the switching element in order to put the switching element in an on state, and the voltage adjusting unit (93) applies, as the drive voltage, a voltage in an active region of the transistor to the conduction control terminal.

Abstract: A refrigerant heating performance is increased while suppressing an increase in weight or cost. A vehicle air-conditioning device (10) is provided with a heat pump cycle (16) for heating operation in which an electric compressor (50) for compressing refrigerant, a vehicle-cabin-interior condenser (26), a throttle (52), and a vehicle-cabin-exterior heat exchanger (54) are connected in that order via refrigerant piping. An inverter for the electric compressor (50) in which a power element comprising a highly heat-resistant semiconductor device is used is disposed on the electric compressor (50) so that the refrigerant compressed by the electric compressor (50) can be heated by the power element. During heating operation of the heat pump cycle (16), the refrigerant is heated by the power element.

Abstract: Provided is a heat-pump-type vehicle air conditioning system that passes hot gas to both a vehicle-cabin-exterior condenser and a vehicle-cabin-exterior vaporizer during a defrosting operation, and that, even during times of low outside air temperature, can efficiently defrost in a short period of time and can use the cooling cycle of an existing system as-is.

Abstract: A refrigerant cycle (16) for cooling as a prototype is provided with: an internal condenser (8) connected to a discharge circuit of an electric compressor (9) and disposed on a downstream of an internal evaporator (7) of an HVAC unit (2); a first heating circuit (18) connected to a receiver (11) through a switching unit (17) arranged on an inlet side of the external condenser (8); and a second heating circuit (23) connected between an outlet side of the receiver (11) and a suction side of the electric compressor (9) and provided with a second expansion valve (20) and an external evaporator (21). A heat pump cycle (24) for heating is formed by a second heating circuit (23) including the electric compressor (9), the internal condenser (8), the switching unit (17), the first heating circuit (18), the receiver (11), the second expansion valve (20), and the external evaporator (21).

Abstract: A refrigerant cycle (16) for cooling as a prototype is provided with: an internal condenser (8) connected to a discharge circuit of an electric compressor (9) and disposed on a downstream of an internal evaporator (7) of an HVAC unit (2); a first heating circuit (18) connected to a receiver (11) through a switching unit (17) arranged on an inlet side of the external condenser (8); and a second heating circuit (23) connected between an outlet side of the receiver (11) and a suction side of the electric compressor (9) and provided with a second expansion valve (20) and an external evaporator (21). A heat pump cycle (24) for heating is formed by a second heating circuit (23) including the electric compressor (9), the internal condenser (8), the switching unit (17), the first heating circuit (18), the receiver (11), the second expansion valve (20), and the external evaporator (21).

Abstract: A composition for forming a passivation layer, including a resin and a compound represented by Formula (I): M(OR1)m. In Formula (I), M includes at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, V, Y and Hf, each R1 independently represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and m represents an integer from 1 to 5.

Abstract: A passivation film includes aluminum oxide and niobium oxide, and the passivation film is used in a photovoltaic cell element having a silicon substrate. A photovoltaic cell element includes: a p-type silicon substrate 1 that comprises monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon; an n-type impurity diffusion layer 2 that is formed on a light receiving surface of the silicon substrate 1; a first electrode 5 that is formed on the n-type impurity diffusion layer 2; a second electrode 6 that is formed on the back surface of the silicon substrate 1; a passivation film 7 that is formed on the back surface of the silicon substrate 1, the passivation film 7 having plural openings OA and including aluminum oxide and niobium oxide. The second electrode 6 is electrically connected to the back surface of the silicon substrate 1 through the plural openings OA.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores a program for causing a computer in an information processing apparatus to perform a process of processing print data, which includes plural pages, by a general-purpose operating system and transmitting the processed print data to a printing apparatus. The process includes a reception step of receiving serially the plural pages included in the print data; a generation step of generating a file including a predetermined number of pages and information indicating an order of files corresponding to an order of pages in the print data each time the predetermined number of pages are received at the reception step, wherein the generation step includes an insertion step of inserting into a final page of the print data a statement indicating the final page when the final page is received; and an output step of outputting the file to the general-purpose operating system.