Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium having a non-magnetic disk substrate and a magnetic film formed on the surface of the non-magnetic disk substrate, a surface average roughness factor Ra(r) on the surface of the medium being from 0.3 nm to 3 nm, an orientation ratio of coercivity being from 0.1 to 0.7, and an in-plane magnetic anisotropic energy being from 3.times.10.sup.4 J/m.sup.3 to 5.times.10.sup.5 J/m.sup.3. By using such a medium, it is possible to provide a magnetic recording apparatus in which the magnetic head is capable of flying in a low position and high-density recording is achieved.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium having a nonmagnetic disk substrate and a magnetic film formed on the surface of the non-magnetic disk substrate, a surface average roughness factor Ra(r) on the surface of the medium being from 0.3 nm to 3 nm, an orientation ratio of coercivity being from 0.1 to 0.7, and an in-plane magnetic anisotropic energy being from 3.times.10.sup.4 J/m.sup.3 to 5.times.10.sup.5 J/m.sup.3. By using such a medium, it is possible to provide a magnetic recording apparatus in which the magnetic head is capable of flying in a low position and high-density recording is achieved.

Abstract: A scanning interference electron microscope includes an electron source, a focusing lens, an electron beam deflection system and a biprism. The biprism separates the primary electron beam emanating from the electron source into two beams. One of the separated beams is controlled by the deflection system to scan the sample surface, thereafter interfering with the other separated beam to generated interference fringes. The phase difference due to interaction of the first electron beam with a sample surface produces changes in the interference intensity of the interference fringes, which represent a microscopic image of the sample.

Abstract: A snow thrower incorporating a device fixed relative to the auger housing around the auger shaft for generating a downward thrust on the auger shaft which opposes and balances the upward thrust caused on the auger shaft by the cooperation of the auger with the snow. The downward thrust is provided by shaping a portion of the housing for the drive of the auger shaft in such a way so as to create a static downward thrust.

Abstract: An electron microscope and a method for obtaining microscopic images whereby the intensity and distribution of the internal magnetic field of a specimen are acquired with precision. The electron microscope irradiates a focused electron beam at a target specimen and detects the transmitted beam past the specimen. The irradiated position on the specimen is selected by one of three ways: by moving the specimen alone, by deflecting the focused electron beam before it enters the specimen, or by combining these two ways. In this setup, the internal magnetic field of the specimen under its irradiated spot is known through detection of the deflection of the electron beam caused by the Lorentz force and through arithmetic processing of the detected deflection. An actuator that moves the specimen comprises a support with a hole through which the electron beam passes, a specimen stage with a like hole, a plurality of piezoelectric devices, and a structure that lets the electron beam pass therethrough.

Abstract: An improved snow thrower and specifically an improved blower therefor that improves efficiency and reduces the likelihood of snow accumulation. The blower casing is connected to the auger housing by an exit opening that is disposed and sized so that snow blown by the blower will not reenter the auger housing. The peripheral edge of the blower casing is curved so as to reduce the likelihood of snow accumulation.

Abstract: In a magnetic bubble generator having an ion-implanted track (1), a conductor pattern is composed of hairpin conductor patterns (5, 6) of two layers with an insulating layer (12) interlaid, and a part of intersection of the fore end parts of the gaps of these hairpin conductor patterns (5,6) is positioned in the vicinity of a cusp (4) of the ion-implanted track (1). The hairpin conductors may be electrically connected to each other and may be supplied by a common source. Thereby an error to be caused by a generated bubble stretching so much as to be divided into a plurality of pieces can be prevented, and the bubble can be generated by a small current pulse, while the amplitude margin thereof is enlarged.

Abstract: A transmission and brake assembly for driving the auger of a snow blower wherein the transmission includes a multiple disk wet clutch and the brake is juxtaposed to this clutch but separated from it by a wall so that the liquid will not adversely effect the frictional brake. An operating mechanism is incorporated that effects release of the brake upon engagement of the clutch and vice versa with a lost motion period wherein both are disengaged.

Abstract: In a magnetic bubble memory device in which a major line and minor loops are constituted by ion-implanted tracks, a gate is constituted having two functions, i.e., having a replicate function and a pseudo swap function using conductor patterns of two layers that overlap on both the major line and on the minor loops. By controlling the pulsed current supplied to the conductor patterns of the two layers, the replicate function divides the bubble in the minor loop into two bubbles, so that one of the bubbles is taken onto the major line and is propagated to the detector. The pseudo swap function annihilates the bubble in the minor loop, divides the bubble on the major line into two bubbles and introduces one of them into the minor loop, thereby to realize the same function as that of the conventional swap gate.

Abstract: The inclination angle, in the conductor pattern end portion of a magnetic bubble memory element having a bubble diameter of up to 1.2 .mu.m, can be remarkably reduced by employing a polymer resin, having fluidity in a curing process, as the insulation film under the conductor pattern, so that the transfer margin is greatly improved.

Abstract: In a magnetic bubble memory device employing ion-implanted tracks as minor loops for data storage, there is proposed a magnetic bubble memory element employing a minor loop having a folded structure and a turn composed of three tips formed convexly toward an ion-implanted area and two cusps as an inside turn for accomplishing the folding with a center as the ion-implanted area. In this inside turn, the line connecting between the two cusps of the turn includes a gradient in the range of 90 degrees to 120 degrees in relation to the ion-implanted straight line tracks.

Abstract: A hybrid magnetic bubble memory device comprising soft magnetic material propagation tracks and ion-implanted propagation tracks. In the soft magnetic material propagation track region, a layer made of a heat-resistant polymer was provided as an interlaminar insulating layer between a conductor and a pattern of a soft magnetic material. An insulator film made of a heat-resistant polymer was provided on the pattern made of a soft magnetic material. A passivation film made of an inorganic material was provided on the ion-implanted propagation tracks and the insulator film made of a heat-resistant polymer.

Abstract: A magnetic bubble memory device comprises contiguous-disk ion-implanted magnetic bubble propagation tracks formed by implanting selectively ions in a magnetic layer which can hold magnetic bubbles. At least one of the disks which form the ion-implanted bubble tracks and each of which may have a circular or square shape, is configured to include a combination of arcs of circles having different curvatures or a combination of sides of squares having different sizes.

Abstract: A hybrid magnetic bubble memory device includes, magnetic bubble propagation tracks formed of partial ion-implantation and bubble propagation tracks formed of a soft magnetic material pattern. At least one of the junctions between the two type tracks is located on a corner soft magnetic material pattern where the bubble propagation direction is changed, and the hairpin conductor is superposed on the part of the corner pattern under which the magnetic material is not ion-implanted to form ion-implanted propagation tracks.

Abstract: A highly density magnetic bubble memory device has bubble propagation paths having different pattern periods. The distance between a propagation path having shorter period and a magnetic film for holding magnetic bubbles is made smaller than that between propagation path having longer period and the magnetic film. An insulating layer formed between the propagation path and the magnetic film through another insulating layer has a declining slope having an angle of 60.degree. or less, thereby ensuring steady propagation of the magnetic bubbles along the propagation path.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic bubble memory device having a first bubble propagation path formed in an ion-implantation pattern and a second bubble propagation path made of permalloy elments in combination. The majority of the area for forming the second propagation path is processed by ion implantation in lower density and to smaller depth than those of ion implantation for forming the first propagation path on the surface of a bubble supporting layer.

Abstract: A magnetic bubble device includes ion-implanted bubble propagation tracks of meandering cord-like configuration to assure improved bubble propagation characteristic. Amplitude of a region in which inplane magnetization layer is absent or alternatively thickness thereof is smaller than that of other region, as measured in the direction perpendicular to the bubble propagating direction, is not greater than 7/8 of a pitch of the meandering pattern in the bubble propagating direction. The amplitude is more preferably selected so as to meet the condition that 1/4.ltoreq.W/P.ltoreq.3/4 for assuring much stabilized bubble propagating operation.

Abstract: A magnetic bubble stretcher comprises a bubble fanning part for propagating a magnetic bubble while gradually stretching the bubble and a bubble propagation part for propagating the stretcher bubble. The bubble fanning and propagation parts include a bubble propagation patterns as fundament elements for stretching or propagating the bubble the bubble propagation patterns in the bubble fanning part are different in shape and/or dimension from the bubble propagation patterns in the bubble propagation part.

Abstract: A magnetic bubble memory device has two types of magnetic bubble propagation tracks. One type of magnetic bubble propagation tracks are formed by implanting ions into a magnetic layer. The other are formed by a soft magnetic material, for example, a permalloy. At least the area where the soft magnetic material is located has a smaller thickness than the other area.

Abstract: A magnetic bubble memory device is disclosed which is equipped with a minor loop of a magnetic bubble propagation track formed by ion implantation and a major loop or major line of a magnetic bubble propagation track consisting of a soft magnetic film and in which the thickness of an insulating film at at least the junction between the minor loop and the major loop or major line is less than the thickness of insulating film at the major line or major loop.