Abstract: A manufacturing method permits easy manufacture of an organic electronic device using an extremely thin substrate. The manufacturing method includes a first step for polishing a first surface of a substrate, a second step for providing a protective polymeric layer on the first surface, a third step for etching a second surface on the back side of the first surface of the substrate to make the substrate thinner, a fourth step for providing a polymeric layer that contains a polymeric material on the etched second surface, a fifth step for removing the protective polymeric layer, and a sixth step for forming an organic electronic device on the first surface from which the protective polymeric layer has been removed.

Abstract: A structural body material layer is formed directly on a base substrate or via a sacrificing layer or a peeling layer, a groove is fabricated electrochemically along an outer configuration shape of a part constituting an object at the structural body material layer and thereafter, only the sacrificing layer or the base substrate is selectively removed or the part is mechanically separated from the peeling layer to thereby separate the part and the base substrate and provide the part constituting the object or fabricate a part having a movable portion by partially restricting a portion to be separated.

Abstract: A part fabricating apparatus has a holder for holding an object to be machined immersed in an electrolytic solution. A machining electrode subjects a surface of the object to an electrochemical reaction to electrolytically machine the surface of the object. The machining electrode has a sharp-edged tip and is coated with an insulator except for the sharp-edged tip. A spacing changing unit detects and changes a spacing between the surface of the object and the machining electrode. A potential/current control unit controls a potential/current on the machining electrode. An electrolytic solution changing unit supplies a first electrolytic solution for subjecting the surface of the object to be machined to a removal process to fabricate a cast mold, supplies a second electrolytic solution for depositing a first metal on a surface of the cast mold to form a first metal layer, and supplies a third electrolytic solution for depositing a second metal inside the cast mold to form a part.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided an automotive sunshade panel formed from a metallic hollow panel and having flanged edges and a two-dimensional curved surface or a three-dimensional curved surface formed at least partially of its central portion excepting the peripheries of the metallic hollow panel. For use in the present invention, a fabric may be laminated to at least one side of the metallic hollow panel. The metallic hollow panel is formed into a one-side expanded Roll-Bond® panel, a both-side expanded Roll-Bond® panel, a both-side flat three-layer Roll-Bond® panel or a honeycomb panel.

Abstract: Multipliers respectively multiply a tone signal supplied from a sound source and a tone signal corrected by a filter according to hearing correction characteristics by balance control coefficients generated by a control coefficient generator based on tone volume control data, and an adder adds the products to adjust the tone volume balance. A multiplier multiplies the tone signal output from that adder by a tone volume control coefficient generated by the control coefficient generator based on the tone volume control data to adjust the tone volume. Frequency characteristics for correcting hearing characteristics are given to the tone signal in accordance with the tone volume of tones to be generated, thus maintaining tone volume balance upon hearing among tone colors of tones to be generated by an electronic musical instrument.

Abstract: A pump comprises a first substrate having a fluid inlet port for receiving a fluid, a fluid outlet port for discharging the fluid, a first pumping section for pumping the fluid from the fluid inlet port to the fluid outlet port, a first inlet valve section disposed between the fluid inlet port and the first pumping section, and a first outlet valve section disposed between the fluid outlet port and the first pumping section. A second substrate has a second pumping section, a second inlet valve section, and a second outlet valve section. An intermediate substrate is disposed between the first and second substrates to form a first fluid feeding path and a second fluid feeding path for feeding the fluid pumped by the first and second pumping sections. The first fluid feeding path extends from the first inlet valve section to the first outlet valve section through the first pumping section.

Abstract: A structural body material layer is formed directly on a base substrate or via a sacrificing layer or a peeling layer, a groove is fabricated electrochemically along an outer configuration shape of a part constituting an object at the structural body material layer and thereafter, only the sacrificing layer or the base substrate is selectively removed or the part is mechanically separated from the peeling layer to thereby separate the part and the base substrate and provide the part constituting the object or fabricate a part having a movable portion by partially restricting a portion to be separated.

Abstract: In a pitch shifting method, an input sound signal is stored into a memory, and a period of the input sound signal is extracted. Then, a sawtooth wave is produced whose amplitude is set to a value which is integer times the extracted period. A read address is designated based on the sawtooth wave, and the input sound signal is read from the memory using the designated read address.

Abstract: Multipliers respectively multiply a tone signal supplied from a sound source and a tone signal corrected by a filter according to hearing correction characteristics by balance control coefficients generated by a control coefficient generator based on tone volume control data, and an adder adds the products to adjust the tone volume balance. A multiplier multiplies the tone signal output from that adder by a tone volume control coefficient generated by the control coefficient generator based on the tone volume control data to adjust the tone volume. Frequency characteristics for correcting hearing characteristics are given to the tone signal in accordance with the tone volume of tones to be generated, thus maintaining tone volume balance upon hearing among tone colors of tones to be generated by an electronic musical instrument.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided an automotive sunshade panel formed from a metallic hollow panel and having flanged edges and a two-dimensional curved surface or a three-dimensional curved surface formed at least partially of its central portion excepting the peripheries of the metallic hollow panel. For use in the present invention, a fabric may be laminated to at least one side of the metallic hollow panel. The metallic hollow panel is formed into a one-side inflated Roll-Bond panel, a both-side inflated Roll-Bond panel, a both-side flat three-layer Roll-Bond panel or a honeycomb panel. In order to obtain such an automotive sunshade panel of the present invention, the metallic hollow panel is first bent in the roll circumferential direction (Y—Y axis) by means of twin rolls consisting of a rigid roll and an elastic roll, and then is subjected to a flanging process in which its longitudinal edges are flanged by press forming or roll forming.

Abstract: A machining solution for removal-machining an object to be machined 103 is introduced to an inside of a machining solution container 101, and a predetermined voltage is applied to between the machining electrode 104 and the object to be machined 103 to cause electrochemical reaction thereby fabricating a part cast mold. Then the machining solution is changed to a machining solution for metal layer formation to effect additional machining on a surface of the cast mold, forming a metal layer. Then the machining solution is changed to a machining solution for part formation to effect additional machining inside the cast mold, forming a part. Finally the machining solution is changed to a machining solution for dissolving metal layer to dissolve the metal layer to taking out the inside part, fabricating a part.

Abstract: A part fabricating method comprises the steps of machining an object to fabricate a part cast mold, depositing a first metal on a surface of the cast mold to form a first metal layer, and depositing a second metal different in kind from the first metal inside the cast mold to form a part. The first metal layer is then selectively removed to take out the part formed inside the cast mold.

Abstract: An electrochemical machining method in which a work piece and a machining electrode are opposed to each other and dipped in an electrolyte solution, and a surface of the work piece is machined by causing an electrolytic reaction between the surface of the work piece and a tip of the machining electrode in a state where a separating distance between the surface of the work piece and the tip of the machining electrode is adjusted and a desired separating distance is maintained, wherein a zero contact reference position where the surface of the work piece and the tip of the machining electrode are brought into contact with each other and the separating distance between the work piece and the machining electrode is nullified is electrically detected, moving distances of the work piece and the machining electrode from the zero contact reference position are detected, a relative separating distance between the surface of the work piece and the tip of the machining electrode is calculated based on a result of the de

Abstract: A sound effect adding device includes an instruction storage section in a DSP for storing a main routine including a program for controlling an input and an output of an audio signal, and a plurality of selected sound effect adding routines transferred from a master CPU from among selectable sound effect adding routines when necessary and operable when accessed by the main routine. The main routine has a function to assign the input audio signal to the selected sound effect adding routines and collect sound effect added signals outputted from the selected sound effect adding routines so as to provide an output signal. By changing coefficient data transferred from the master CPU and stored in the DSP, the main routine performs change in connection between the input and output signals so as to change a combination of the sound effects without altering the main routine.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument has a processing circuit for adding a reverberation tone after volume control using expression data generated upon operation of an expression pedal to generate tone data which does not vary the attenuation characteristics of the reverberation tone by operation of the expression pedal. The volume control and reverberation tone addition are implemented by a digital signal processor. Auditory sense correction of the volume control is also done by exponentially transforming expression data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling a memory address of a digital signal processor in which a memory address is independently managed for each for during parallel processing of a plurality of jobs and no program of the same content as others is stored redundantly. Two bits of a high order A19 and A18 are masked among memory addresses of 20 bits from A0 to A19 which can be accessed for internal and external memories by a digital signal processor. In an address setting and an address computation performed on a program for executing each of jobs of the digital signal processor, only an address space of 18 bits from A0 to A17 can be accessed by an address pointer. The masked two bits of A19 and A18 are accessed by an address area register.

Abstract: A music sound correcting apparatus for correcting a music sound signal entered thereinto to selectively supply the corrected music sound signal to a speaker and a headphone, is provided with a jack into which a plug of the headphone is inserted, and a detector for detecting whether or not this plug of the headphone is inserted into the jack. When the detector detects that the plug is not inserted into the jack, a frequency of the entered music sound signal is changed so as to be properly reproduced by the speaker. On the other hand, when the detector detects that this plug is inserted into the jack, the entered music sound signal is corrected so as to be properly reproduced by the headphone in such a manner that a sound image produced based upon the entered music sound signal is localized to a predetermined position. As a result, preferable music sound can be reproduced even when the speaker is used and the headphone is employed irrespective of a small amount of hardware.

Abstract: A method for performing fine working of a material by electrochemical reaction comprises a two-step scanning operation in which a surface topography of the material is obtained during a first scan which is used to control the position of a probe during a second scan in which an electrochemical reaction is performed. During the first scan, an electrochemical cell is constructed with a four-electrode system, including the probe, a material to be worked, a reference electrode and a counter electrode. The potential of each of the probe and the material to be worked is set so that no electrochemical reaction occurs during the first scan. Data representative of the surface topography is stored and used to control the position of the probe during the second scan in which an electrochemical cell is constructed with a three-electrode system, including the probe, the material, and the reference electrode.

Abstract: A method of forming a mask for photolithography comprises forming a transparent conductive film on a transparent substrate. The substrate and an electrode having a sharp front end are immersed in an electrolytic solution. The sharp front end of the electrode and the transparent film are then positioned close to each other while controlling a distance therebetween. The substrate and the electrode are then scanned relative to each other in two-dimensions while maintaining the distance between the sharp front end of the electrode and the transparent film constant. Thereafter, an electrochemical reaction is processed on the substrate while a voltage is applied between the transparent film and the electrode to form a mask pattern on the substrate. During repair of the mask thus formed, the substrate and the electrode are immersed in the electrolytic solution.

Abstract: An electrochemical fine processing method for forming a pattern of a substance having different etching resistance against an etching solution from that of an article by bringing the minute forward end of the counter electrode close to the surface of the article. The counter electrode is applied a predetermined electric potential and the electrochemical reaction is repeating in a minute region of the article in the vicinity of the counter electrode to form an optional pattern. After forming the pattern, the article is etched in an etching solution having a property of different etching rate for the pattern forming portion and a portion other than the pattern forming portion. It become possible to form a fine pattern directly onto the surface of an article to be processed having surface unevenness.