Abstract: A spark ignited engine is disclosed. The spark ignited engine includes a main combustion chamber and a cylinder head at least partially surrounding the main combustion chamber. A spark plug having a central axis is arranged in the cylinder head and an ignition end of the spark plug faces the main combustion engine. A pre-chamber with at least two nozzles is arranged in the main combustion chamber and connects the ignition end and the main combustion chamber via the at least two nozzles. A pre-chamber volume ratio corresponds to a ratio of a volume of the pre-chamber to a volume of the main combustion chamber at a top-dead-center and is between 1.9% and 3.1%. A nozzle factor corresponds to a ratio of a summed flowed-through area of the at least two nozzles to the volume of the pre-chamber and is between 0.085 l/cm and 1.15 l/cm.

Abstract: A spark ignited engine is disclosed. The spark ignited engine includes a main combustion chamber and a cylinder head at least partially surrounding the main combustion chamber. A spark plug having a central axis is arranged in the cylinder head and an ignition end of the spark plug faces the main combustion engine. A pre-chamber with at least two nozzles is arranged in the main combustion chamber and connects the ignition end and the main combustion chamber via the at least two nozzles. A pre-chamber volume ratio corresponds to a ratio of a volume of the pre-chamber to a volume of the main combustion chamber at a top-dead-center and is between 1.9% and 3.1%. A nozzle factor corresponds to a ratio of a summed flowed-through area of the at least two nozzles to the volume of the pre-chamber and is between 0.085 l/cm and 1.15 l/cm.

Abstract: Method for operating a hydrogen fuelled combustion engine 1 comprising the steps of providing an internal combustion engine 1 having at least one cylinder 2 and a piston 3 supported at a crankshaft 5 for repeated reciprocal movement in the cylinder 2 so as to define a main combustion chamber 21, the internal combustion engine 1 further having an ignition device 4 arranged in said cylinder 2 with an igniter portion 42 and a hydrogen fuel injector 43 which are both arranged at a pre-chamber 41, wherein the pre-chamber 41 has a plurality of orifices 44 for providing fluid communication between said pre-chamber 41 and the main combustion chamber 21; and operating the engine in cycles comprising the following steps: introducing hydrogen fuel in the pre-chamber 41; introducing hydrogen fuel in the main combustion chamber 21; and igniting the introduced hydrogen fuel in the pre-chamber 41 for combusting the introduced hydrogen fuel in the main combustion chamber 21.

Abstract: The invention relates to a single novel dry reagent composition for use in subsequent nucleic acid amplification, such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and the isothermal LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification), the composition including a nucleic acid amplification enzyme; a corresponding enzyme binder; a sugar-based stabiliser; deoxyNucleotide TriphosPhates; oligonucleotides; and a zwitterionic agent where a tris-based buffer is specifically excluded. The invention further relates to methods for producing said single dry reagent composition using air drying processes.

Abstract: A steam generator comprising a vessel having an inlet and an outlet, and in use a primary fluid flow enters the vessel through the inlet and exits the vessel through the outlet. A plurality of modules are connected in series and at least partially housed within the vessel, and each module comprises at least one tube. The modules are arranged such that at least one tube of one module is coaxial with at least one tube of an adjacent module so as to define a conduit through which a secondary fluid can flow from one module to an adjacent module.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder and a piston supported for repeated reciprocal movement in the cylinder so as to define a combustion chamber of an engine bore diameter A-A, the internal combustion engine further comprising an ignition device arranged in said cylinder having an igniter portion and an fuel injector which are both arranged in a pre-chamber, wherein the pre-chamber comprises a plurality of orifices for providing fluid communication between said pre-chamber and the combustion chamber, and wherein the plurality of orifices are of an overall orifice area so that the ratio between the overall orifice area and the engine bore diameter A-A ranges from 0.01 mm to 0.2 mm.

Abstract: Clock data recovery broadcast for multi-lane SerDes is disclosed. In some implementations, a serial input/output (I/O) interface includes a master lane and a plurality of slave lanes to receive serial incoming data. The master lane has a master clock and data recovery (CDR) module to generate master data sample clock control signals. The master data sample clock control signals can be broadcasted to the slave lanes. Furthermore, each of the plurality of slave lanes having a slave CDR module. The slave CDR module can include a clock edge tracking module to generate local data sample clock control signals, and a multiplexer to select the master data sample clock control signals or local data sample clock control signals to apply in the respective slave lane in response to a signal from a CDR controller indicative of a low power mode.

Abstract: Clock data recovery broadcast for multi-lane SerDes is disclosed. In some implementations, a serial input/output (I/O) interface includes a master lane and a plurality of slave lanes to receive serial incoming data. The master lane has a master clock and data recovery (CDR) module to generate master data sample clock control signals. The master data sample clock control signals can be broadcasted to the slave lanes. Furthermore, each of the plurality of slave lanes having a slave CDR module. The slave CDR module can include a clock edge tracking module to generate local data sample clock control signals, and a multiplexer to select the master data sample clock control signals or local data sample clock control signals to apply in the respective slave lane in response to a signal from a CDR controller indicative of a low power mode.

Abstract: A method for starting an internal combustion engine comprises the steps of: providing an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder and a piston supported at a crankshaft for repeated reciprocal movement in the cylinder so as to define a main combustion chamber, the internal combustion engine further having an ignition device arranged in said cylinder with an igniter portion and a fuel injector which are both arranged at a pre-chamber, wherein the pre-chamber has a plurality of orifices for providing fluid communication between said pre-chamber and the main combustion chamber, injecting fuel in the pre-chamber, and igniting the injected fuel in the pre-chamber for pre-heating of the pre-chamber prior to injecting fuel in the main combustion chamber for combusting the injected fuel in the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: Systems and methods to provide a low-power mode for serial links are disclosed. One embodiment of such a system includes a transmitter coupled to a link; a receiver coupled to the link and configured to receive signals over the link from the transmitter; a transmit control module configured to cause the transmitter to enter and exit a low-power mode; and a clock module coupled to the transmitter and configured to provide a clock signal to the transmitter, wherein the clock module is further configured to provide the clock signal as a divided clock signal to the transmitter when the transmitter is in the low-power mode, further wherein the divided clock signal has a same phase as the clock signal before entry into the low-power mode.

Abstract: Systems and methods to provide a low-power mode for serial links are disclosed. One embodiment of such a system includes a transmitter coupled to a link; a receiver coupled to the link and configured to receive signals over the link from the transmitter; a transmit control module configured to cause the transmitter to enter and exit a low-power mode; and a clock module coupled to the transmitter and configured to provide a clock signal to the transmitter, wherein the clock module is further configured to provide the clock signal as a divided clock signal to the transmitter when the transmitter is in the low-power mode, further wherein the divided clock signal has a same phase as the clock signal before entry into the low-power mode.

Abstract: An apparatus for setting the timing of a triggering edge of a clock signal with respect to received parallel data. The apparatus includes a set of flip-flops including respective data inputs, respective clock inputs, and respective data outputs, wherein the set of flip-flops are configured to generate a set of output data at the data output based on parallel data applied to the respective data inputs in response to a triggering edge of a clock signal applied to the clock inputs; a variable delay element configured to apply a calibrated delay to the clock signal; and a controller configured to generate a control signal for the variable delay element to apply the calibrated delay to the clock signal based on the set of output data generated at the data outputs of the set of flip-flops.

Abstract: An apparatus for setting the timing of a triggering edge of a clock signal with respect to received parallel data. The apparatus includes a set of flip-flops including respective data inputs, respective clock inputs, and respective data outputs, wherein the set of flip-flops are configured to generate a set of output data at the data output based on parallel data applied to the respective data inputs in response to a triggering edge of a clock signal applied to the clock inputs; a variable delay element configured to apply a calibrated delay to the clock signal; and a controller configured to generate a control signal for the variable delay element to apply the calibrated delay to the clock signal based on the set of output data generated at the data outputs of the set of flip-flops.

Abstract: A method for starting an internal combustion engine comprises the steps of: providing an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder and a piston supported at a crankshaft for repeated reciprocal movement in the cylinder so as to define a main combustion chamber, the internal combustion engine further having an ignition device arranged in said cylinder with an igniter portion and a fuel injector which are both arranged at a pre-chamber, wherein the pre-chamber has a plurality of orifices for providing fluid communication between said pre-chamber and the main combustion chamber, injecting fuel in the pre-chamber, and igniting the injected fuel in the pre-chamber for pre-heating of the pre-chamber prior to injecting fuel in the main combustion chamber for combusting the injected fuel in the main combustion chamber.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a heat exchanger and an associated method of manufacture. The heat exchanger comprises a flow conduit for accommodating flow of a heat transfer fluid. The conduit is wound around a central axis so as to form a plurality of turns, for example in a helical fashion. A support member for the conduit is formed of a sheet material shaped to extend in a circumferential direction about the central axis, wherein the support member is common to said plurality of turns. A plurality of fasteners are arranged to attach the conduit to the support member at spaced locations along its length.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder and a piston supported for repeated reciprocal movement in the cylinder so as to define a combustion chamber of an engine bore diameter A-A, the internal combustion engine further comprising an ignition device arranged in said cylinder having an igniter portion and an fuel injector which are both arranged in a pre-chamber, wherein the pre-chamber comprises a plurality of orifices for providing fluid communication between said pre-chamber and the combustion chamber, and wherein the plurality of orifices are of an overall orifice area so that the ratio between the overall orifice area and the engine bore diameter A-A ranges from 0.01 mm to 0.2 mm.

Abstract: An ignition system for an internal combustion engine having at least one combustion chamber where the ignition system includes a housing, an ignition device, an injector, and a pre-chamber having a nozzle disposed spaced from the proximal portion of the pre-chamber. The igniter portion of the ignition device and the nozzle of the injector are operatively supported in the proximal portion of the pre-chamber and disposed flush therewith. The igniter portion ignites the fuel in pre-chamber such that partially combusted pre-chamber products are forced through orifices in the pre-chamber nozzle and extinguish, but dispersed through the combustion chamber so as to ignite the main fuel charge therein.

Abstract: A rotary actuator has a driven element including a plurality of recesses that are spaced in a circumferential arrangement around an axis of rotation of the driven element by a spacing angle, and first, second and third latch elements that are each movable between a retracted position, and an extended position in which it is engageable with a corresponding one of the recesses. Sequential movement of the first, second and third latch elements between retracted and extended positions causes rotation of the driven element.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of detecting the presence of anti-MHC antibodies in a sample comprising contacting said sample with one or more recombinant MHC molecules or functionally equivalent variants, derivatives or fragments thereof and detecting the binding or absence of binding of antibodies to said recombinant MHC molecules. This method allows the detection and/or identification of one or more specific MHC particularly HLA allele antibodies.

Abstract: A pressure sensitive actuator includes: an actuator member (3), and a pressure sensing arrangement (4, 5, 6) which senses the ambient pressure and moves the actuator member in response thereto.