Abstract: A method for elevating a TRAIL-R1 expression in cancer cells to induce apoptosis. The method comprises the steps of receiving electrical energy having a specific voltage, frequency and power from an electrosurgical generator, up-converting the voltage and down-converting the frequency with a high voltage transformer having a primary coil and a secondary coil, the secondary coil having a larger number of turns than the primary coil, applying said converted electrical energy to an electrode in an electrosurgical hand piece, flowing an inert gas through said electrosurgical hand piece to produce a cold plasma at a distal end of said electrosurgical hand piece; and applying said cold plasma to cancer cells for 1 to 3 minutes. The inert gas may comprise, for example, helium or argon. In a preferred embodiment the cold plasma is applied to cancer cells for about 2 minutes.

Abstract: A system and method of treating an area having cancerous cells. The system includes a plasma device to generate a plasma jet directed at the area having cancerous cells. A magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field directed at the area having cancerous cells. A controller is coupled to the plasma device and the magnetic field generator to control the plasma jet generated by the plasma device and control the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator.

Abstract: A system that does conversion from regular hot plasma produced by ESU to cold plasma which is thermally harmless for the tissue. The system is comprised of Conversion Unit and Cold Plasma Probe. Output signal for ESU connects to CU along with Helium flow. The CU converts signal from ESU and send it to the output connector along with helium flow. Cold Plasma Probe is connected directly to the CU output. At the end of the CPP probe cold plasma is produced.

Abstract: A satellite thruster increases satellite efficiency. The Linear Actuated ?CAT has a stepper motor to move the ablative electrode forward. A LabVIEW program and Arduino microcontroller are used to analyze the Linear Actuated ?CAT to determine how many steps are required for re-ignition, arc current, and the validity of the feed system. Results from testing show that micro-stepping the stepper motor is an effective way to replenish the cannibalized electrode for propellant.

Abstract: A system and method for producing graphene includes a discharge assembly and a substrate assembly. The discharge assembly includes a cathode and an anode, which in one embodiment are offset from each other. The anode produces a flux stream that is deposited onto a substrate. A collection device removes the deposited material from the rotating substrate. The flux stream can be a carbon vapor, with the deposited flux being graphene.

Abstract: A CubeSat satellite has a solar cell and an arc propulsion system. The arc propulsion system includes a power source, a first lead coupled to the power source and to a cathode, and a second lead coupled to the power source and to an anode. The solar cell is used as the cathode of the propulsion system.

Abstract: A system and method for producing graphene includes a heating block, substrate, motor and collection device. The substrate is arranged about the heating block and is configured to receive heat from the heating block. A motor is connected to the substrate to rotate the substrate about the heating block. A cathode and anode are configured to direct a flux stream for deposit onto the rotating substrate. A collection device removes the deposited material from the rotating substrate. A heating element is embedded in the heating block and imparts heat to the heating block. The heating block is made of cement or other material that uniformly disperses the heat from the heating element throughout the heating block. The flux stream can be a carbon vapor, with the deposited flux being graphene.

Abstract: A method for treating cancer stem cells with cold atmospheric plasma using a cold atmospheric plasma system The method comprises the steps of placing an exit port of a cold plasma delivery device 5 cm or less from target cancer stem cells, flowing the inert gas from the source through the housing at a flow rate of 5-10 ml/minute, applying electrosurgical energy of 2-5 kV at a frequency of 20-35 kHz to at least one of the central electrode and the ring electrode to produce a cold plasma jet from the exit port, directing the cold plasma jet onto the target cancer stem cells, and applying the cold plasma jet onto the target cancer stem cells for at least 2 minutes. In a preferred embodiment the inert gas is helium.

Abstract: A method for preparing cold atmospheric plasma stimulated cell culture media with a cold atmospheric plasma system having a delivery port out of which an inert gas flows. The inert gas may be helium. The method comprises the steps of placing a cell culture media in a first well, the first well having a bottom and having a diameter greater than 20 mm; wherein the cell culture media placed in the first well has a volume of 4 ml or less, treating the cell culture media in the first well with cold atmospheric plasma, wherein the treating is performed with a gap between the delivery port and the bottom of the first well is between 2.5 cm and 3.5 cm, and transferring a portion of the treated media to cultured cancer cells in a second well. The cold atmospheric plasma may be applied for 0.5 minutes to 2 minutes.

Abstract: A magnetically enhanced micro-cathode thruster assembly provides long-lasting thrust. The micro-cathode thruster assembly includes a tubular housing, a tubular cathode, an insulator, an anode and a magnetic field. The tubular housing includes an open distal end. The tubular cathode is housed within the housing and includes a distal end positioned proximate the open distal end of the housing. The insulator is in contact with the cathode forming an external cathode-insulator interface. The anode is housed within the housing, proximate the open distal end of the housing. The magnetic field is positioned at or about the external cathode-insulator interface and has magnetic field lines with an incidence angle of about 20 to about 30 degrees and preferably about 30 degrees relative to the external cathode-insulator interface.

Abstract: A thruster for a micro-satellite is disclosed. The thruster includes a voltage source, an inductor and a resistor. A switching device is coupled to the inductor and the resistor. The thruster includes an exterior electrode composed of a first propellant, an insulator located coaxially within the exterior electrode and an interior electrode composed of a second propellant located coaxially to the insulator and the exterior electrode. An exterior housing has a proximate end and an opposite distal end with a thrust channel. The exterior housing holds the exterior electrode, the insulator and the interior electrode. The switching device is coupled to either the exterior electrode or the interior electrode. The switching device is switched to pulse voltage from the inductor to create an arc between the exterior electrode and the interior electrode. Either the exterior electrode or the interior electrode may serve as a cathode to generate a plasma jet.

Abstract: A method for elevating a TRAIL-R1 expression in cancer cells to induce apoptosis. The method comprises the steps of receiving electrical energy having a specific voltage, frequency and power from an electrosurgical generator, up-converting the voltage and down-converting the frequency with a high voltage transformer having a primary coil and a secondary coil, the secondary coil having a larger number of turns than the primary coil, applying said converted electrical energy to an electrode in an electrosurgical hand piece, flowing an inert gas through said electrosurgical hand piece to produce a cold plasma at a distal end of said electrosurgical hand piece; and applying said cold plasma to cancer cells for 1 to 3 minutes. The inert gas may comprise, for example, helium or argon. In a preferred embodiment the cold plasma is applied to cancer cells for about 2 minutes.

Abstract: A system and method for producing graphene includes a discharge assembly and a substrate assembly. The discharge assembly includes a cathode and an anode, which in one embodiment are offset from each other. The anode produces a flux stream that is deposited onto a substrate. A collection device removes the deposited material from the rotating substrate. The flux stream can be a carbon vapor, with the deposited flux being graphene.

Abstract: A system that does conversion from regular hot plasma produced by ESU to cold plasma which is thermally harmless for the tissue. The system is comprised of Conversion Unit and Cold Plasma Probe. Output signal for ESU connects to CU along with Helium flow. The CU converts signal from ESU and send it to the output connector along with helium flow. Cold Plasma Probe is connected directly to the CU output. At the end of the CPP probe cold plasma is produced.

Abstract: A magnetically enhanced micro-cathode thruster assembly provides long-lasting thrust. The micro-cathode thruster assembly includes a tubular housing, a tubular cathode, an insulator, an anode and a magnetic field. The tubular housing includes an open distal end. The tubular cathode is housed within the housing and includes a distal end positioned proximate the open distal end of the housing. The insulator is in contact with the cathode forming an external cathode-insulator interface. The anode is housed within the housing, proximate the open distal end of the housing. The magnetic field is positioned at or about the external cathode-insulator interface and has magnetic field lines with an incidence angle of about 20 to about 30 degrees and preferably about 30 degrees relative to the external cathode-insulator interface.

Abstract: A device uses cold plasma to treat cancerous tumors. The device has a gas supply tube with a delivery end. The gas supply tube is configured to carry a gas to the delivery end. A syringe is provided having an opening. The syringe is connected to the supply tube and configured to carry the gas to the opening. A first electrode is positioned inside said syringe, and a second electrode is positioned adjacent to the opening. The first and second electrodes excite the gas to enter a cold plasma state prior to being discharged from the opening of the syringe. An endoscopic tube can be used instead of the syringe. An exhaust tube can be provided to remove gas introduced into the body cavity by the cold plasma jet.

Abstract: A magnetically enhanced micro-cathode thruster assembly for providing long-lasting thrust is provided. The micro-cathode thruster assembly includes a tubular housing, a tubular cathode, an insulator, an anode and a magnetic field. The tubular housing includes an open distal end. The tubular cathode is housed within the housing and includes a distal end positioned proximate the open distal end of the housing. The insulator is in contact with the cathode forming an external cathode-insulator interface. The anode is housed within the housing, proximate the open distal end of the housing. The magnetic field is positioned at or about the external cathode-insulator interface and has magnetic field lines with an incidence angle of about 0 to about 90 degrees and preferably about 4 to about 30 degrees relative to the external cathode-insulator interface.

Abstract: A system and method for producing graphene includes a heating block, substrate, motor and collection device. The substrate is arranged about the heating block and is configured to receive heat from the heating block. A motor is connected to the substrate to rotate the substrate about the heating block. A cathode and anode are configured to direct a flux stream for deposit onto the rotating substrate. A collection device removes the deposited material from the rotating substrate. A heating element is embedded in the heating block and imparts heat to the heating block. The heating block is made of cement or other material that uniformly disperses the heat from the heating element throughout the heating block. The flux stream can be a carbon vapor, with the deposited flux being graphene.

Abstract: A magnetically enhanced micro-cathode thruster assembly for providing long-lasting thrust is provided. The micro-cathode thruster assembly includes a tubular housing, a tubular cathode, an insulator, an anode and a magnetic field. The tubular housing includes an open distal end. The tubular cathode is housed within the housing and includes a distal end positioned proximate the open distal end of the housing. The insulator is in contact with the cathode forming an external cathode-insulator interface. The anode is housed within the housing, proximate the open distal end of the housing. The magnetic field is positioned at or about the external cathode-insulator interface and has magnetic field lines with an incidence angle of about 0 to about 90 degrees and preferably about 4 to about 30 degrees relative to the external cathode-insulator interface.

Abstract: A scalable flat-panel nano-particle MEMS/NEMS thruster includes a grid having a plurality of electrodes to establish electrical fields. A liquid is disposed in a liquid reservoir of the grid. The liquid is positioned within the electrical fields. A plurality of nano-particles are suspended in the liquid. A plurality of MEMS and NEMS micron-size vias are disposed in the grid. The electrical fields extract the plurality of nano-particles from the liquid and accelerate the nano-particles in the vias to provide propulsion system thrust.