Abstract: An illumination device comprising a connection carrier (1), at least one light-emitting diode (10), an electrically insulating layer (3) and a fixing device (4) is specified. The connection carrier (1) has a first main area (1a) and a second main area (1b) remote from the first main area. The light-emitting diode (10) is fixed on the first main area (1a) of the connection carrier (1). The electrically insulating layer (3) is fitted to the second main area (1b) of the connection carrier (1) and projects laterally beyond the second main area (1b) of the connection carrier (1). The fixing device (4) is suitable for fixing the illumination device to a mounting area (2a) of a carrier (2), wherein the electrically insulating layer (3) is arranged between the second main area (1b) of the connection carrier (1) and the mounting area (2a) of the carrier (2). Furthermore, the fixing device (4) presses the connection carrier (1) against the mounting area (2a).

Abstract: The invention relates to a reflector arrangement comprising a reflector and a light guide. It is characterized in that the use of film hinges permits simpler and lower-cost assembly than has heretofore been possible with comparable reflector arrangements.

Abstract: An error tolerant computer controlled system comprises several computers working redundantly and controlling actuators based on signals from sensors and input devices. Each data item emitted by each computer is simultaneously sent through differing communication paths to each actuator, such that in normal operation each actuator receives each data item through several paths. This system continues to function properly even in case of a failure without requiring any re-routing of the data items, which makes it easier to design, analyze and test and thereby increases its reliability.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode arrangement having at least one light-emitting diode chip (1), each light-emitting diode chip (1) being assigned at least one optical element (4). In addition, the light-emitting diode arrangement has at least one heat-conducting element (13) which is suitable to carry away the heat generated by the light-emitting diode chip, and at least one cooling apparatus which is suitable to carry heat away from the heat-conducting element. The light-emitting diode arrangement is particularly well suited, for example, to use in motor vehicle headlamps.

Abstract: An error tolerant computer controlled system comprises several computers working redundantly and controlling actuators based on signals from sensors and input devices. Each data item emitted by each computer is simultaneously sent through differing communication paths to each actuator, such that in normal operation each actuator receives each data item through several paths. This system continues to function properly even in case of a failure without requiring any re-routing of the data items, which makes it easier to design, analyze and test and thereby increases its reliability.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a light guide or optical light outcoupling element with a light outcoupling surface which has light outcoupling structures by means of an injection-molding process. The light outcoupling structures are produced by means of laser ablation of the injection mold or of the already injection-molded light guide or light outcoupling element.

Abstract: An optical device includes a surface-mountable optical component with a base member having a recess filled with a transparent filler and a VCSEL element arranged in the recess. A receptacle is attached to the surface-mountable optical component. The receptacle is for receiving an optical fiber to optically connect the VCSEL element to the optical fiber. Accordingly, an inexpensive way of coupling a VCSEL element with an optical fiber is provided. In particular, the surface-mountable component can be produced using a high volume production so that the overall costs of the optical device are reduced, even if the receptacle is produced in lower numbers due to varying requirements in the way that the VCSEL will be coupled to an optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical device comprises a surface-mountable optical component (1) comprising a base member (4) having a recess (5) filled with a transparent filler (9), and an VCSEL element (7) arranged in the recess (5); and a receptacle (2) attached to the surface-mountable optical component (1), for receiving an optical fiber (20), thereby to optically connect the VCSEL element (7) with the optical fiber (20). Accordingly, there is provided an inexpensive way of coupling a VCSEL element with an optical fiber. In particular, the surface-mountable component is suitable for a high volume production so that the overall costs of the optical device are reduced, even if the receptacle is produced in lower numbers due to varying requirements in the way the VCSEL is to be coupled to an optical fiber.

Abstract: A wood treatment process in which lignocellulosic materials are treated for several hours in a liquid bath of oil with the exclusion of oxygen. The liquid bath at that time has a temperature of 180 to 260° C. By thermal action the wood substance is converted, so that some properties of these materials are altered. Resistance against wood-destroying fungi, for example, is improved.