Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display apparatus in which efficiency in using light from a backlight is improved, the illuminance on the screen is enhanced, and the manufacturing costs can be reduced. The liquid crystal display apparatus of the present invention includes: a first substrate 5 provided with a reflective pixel electrode 7 which reflects light, a second substrate 11 in which a transparent electrode 9 facing the reflective pixel electrode is formed and which is arranged in parallel with the first substrate 5, a liquid crystal 8 enclosed between the first substrate 5 and second substrate 11, a backlight 2 applying illumination light from the back surface of the first substrate 5, and a light focusing plate 4 including a number of line-shaped prisms LP focusing illumination light from the backlight 2 onto the arrangement of the reflective pixel electrodes 7.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a reinforcing cloth of a sheet pad includes: fixing a sheet on a mold having an outer shape substantially identical to a shape of the reinforcing cloth and provided with a plurality of air holes interconnecting an internal space with an outer surface; forming a closed space between the mold and a cover member by covering the sheet fixed on the mold with the cover member; heating the sheet; shaping the heated sheet into a shape following the outer shape of the mold by exhausting air from the closed space through the air holes; and demolding the sheet from the mold after removing the cover member.

Abstract: There is provided a display apparatus comprising: first display means including a first display section; and second display means including a second display section and a non-display section located at an outer periphery of the second display section; wherein partial area of a display surface of the first display section of the first display means faces the non-display section of the second display means; and wherein portion of the non-displaying section of the second display means, which is facing the display surface of the first display section is provided with a transmission section configured to transmit light from the first display section.

Abstract: In a method for controlling temperatures in a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus including a reaction chamber and a plurality of heating sources, a set of power ratios to be fed to the heating sources is determined for each of two or more selected temperatures. Then, a temperature of the reaction chamber is controlled by performing power control on the heating sources based on at least one set of power ratios obtained.

Abstract: A temperature control method is provided which is capable of maintaining the accuracy of control based on a detected value of a temperature sensor substantially constant regardless of a change in an error of measurements of the temperature sensor. Measured values of thermocouples 7A, 7B, 7C of a thermocouple thermometer and those of sensor members 6A, 6B, 6C of a radiation thermometer 6 of a sheet-feed apparatus are detected as the processing proceeds. A temperature control parameter of the sheet-feed apparatus is made to change based on differences between the detected temperature values as the processing proceeds.

Abstract: A temperature control method is provided which is capable of performing quick, accurate, and error-free soaking control over all wafer areas to be thermally treated at a target temperature without requiring any skilled operator and which can be automated by using a computer. In the temperature control method of controlling a heating apparatus having at least two heating zones in such a manner that temperatures detected at predetermined locations equal a target temperature therefor, temperatures are detected at predetermined locations the number of which is larger than the number of the heating zones, and the heating apparatus is controlled in such a manner that the target temperature falls between a maximum value and a minimum value of a plurality of detected temperatures.

Abstract: A display device includes pixels disposed in a matrix on a transparent base plate. Each pixel includes an opening region, in which an electro-optic element for emitting light through the base plate is formed, and a non-opening region, in which a thin film transistor for driving the electro-optic element is formed. The non-opening region has a first film structure including the thin film transistor. The opening region has a second film structure extending from the first film structure and existing between the electro-optic element and the base plate. The second film structure is different from the first film structure so as to adjust the light passing through the opening region.

Abstract: A temperature control method is provided which is capable of maintaining the accuracy of control based on a detected value of a temperature sensor substantially constant regardless of a change in an error of measurements of the temperature sensor. Measured values of thermocouples 7A, 7B, 7C of a thermocouple thermometer and those of sensor members 6A, 6B, 6C of a radiation thermometer 6 of a sheet-feed apparatus are detected as the processing proceeds. A temperature control parameter of the sheet-feed apparatus is made to change based on differences between the detected temperature values as the processing proceeds.

Abstract: A system for supplying a semiconductor manufacturing system control program includes an administrative server, a communications circuit connecting the administrative server to a controller of a semiconductor manufacturing system, a facility provided in the controller for determining a time when a previously installed control program can be changed, and a facility provided in the controller responsive to a result of the determination for storing a new control program received from the administrative server through the communications circuit in a memory to be executable by a processor.

Abstract: A system for providing training in semiconductor manufacturing system operation techniques in which a system training server and a user terminal are interconnected via a circuit is provided in which the system training server stores at least one program for conducting simulation related to a semiconductor manufacturing system, receives simulation condition data related to the semiconductor manufacturing system that were input to the user terminal by the user and transmitted from the user terminal via the circuit, executes the stored program based on the received condition data, and transmits result data of the simulation conducted by the executed program to the user terminal via the circuit. Since the user is therefore trained by providing the user with the result data through the user terminal, effective training can be conducted.

Abstract: A glass board used in the production of liquid crystal panels includes a matrix of individual substrates. Each of the substrates has a contact portion of an electrode formed on one of its principle surfaces. The individual substrates are spaced from each other so that the contact portions of adjacent substrates are not in contact with each other. Thus, when the individual substrates are cut, the contact portions are not weakened and contaminants are prevented from getting between the contact portions and the substrates.

Abstract: A temperature control method is provided which is capable of performing quick, accurate, and error-free soaking control over all wafer areas to be thermally treated at a target temperature without requiring any skilled operator and which can be automated by using a computer. In the temperature control method of controlling a heating apparatus having at least two heating zones in such a manner that temperatures detected at predetermined locations equal a target temperature therefor, temperatures are detected at predetermined locations the number of which is larger than the number of the heating zones, and the heating apparatus is controlled in such a manner that the target temperature falls between a maximum value and a minimum value of a plurality of detected temperatures.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer formed between first and second insulating substrates. A wiring layer, an insulation film and a first orientation layer are formed on the first substrate between it and the liquid crystal layer. A electrode layer and a second orientation film are formed on the second substrate between it and the liquid crystal layer. The wiring layer includes grooves along its peripheral portion which allow the insulation film to contact the first substrate, which promotes bonding and inhibits peeling of the insulation film from the wiring layer.

Abstract: A display device includes pixels disposed in a matrix on a transparent base plate. Each pixel includes an opening region, in which an electro-optic element for emitting light through the base plate is formed, and a non-opening region, in which a thin film transistor for driving the electro-optic element is formed. The non-opening region has a first film structure including the thin film transistor. The opening region has a second film structure extending from the first film structure and existing between the electro-optic element and the base plate. The second film structure is different from the first film structure so as to adjust the light passing through the opening region.

Abstract: An inverter transformer comprises an insulation bobbin (10) having a spool (12); a primary winding (30); and a secondary winding (4). A plurality of winding grooves (14) are defined by a plurality of flanges (13) provided on the side surface of the spool (12). The primary winding (30) is provided in one (14a) of the winding grooves (14). Another one (14b) of the winding grooves which has no winding provided therein is interposed between the primary winding (30) and the secondary winding (40).

Abstract: A mother glass board used to fabricate multiple liquid crystal display panels includes a substrate on which the liquid crystal panel portions are formed. An orientation film is formed on the liquid crystal panel portions. A pattern of metallic film is formed on the substrate outside that portion of the substrate on which the liquid crystal panel portions are located. The patterns include an alignment mark and an identifier mark used in the liquid crystal panel production process. An enclosure surrounding the liquid crystal panel portions is formed on the substrate between the pattern and the liquid crystal panel portions. The enclosure prevents stripes from being formed on the orientation film during a rubbing step in the production process in which the liquid crystal panel portions are rubbed with a cloth.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device minimized in image retention phenomenon, comprising: a first insulating substrate having a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix and a first alignment film provided on the inner surface thereof, said insulating substrate comprising a plurality of thin film transistors associated with each of the pixel electrodes; a second insulating substrate disposed opposed to the first insulating substrate, said second insulating substrate having facing electrodes and a second alignment film formed on the inner surface thereof; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and the second insulating substrates; and at least one of the first and the second alignment films having a thickness of 60 nm or less.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal layer formed between first and second insulating substrates. A wiring layer, an insulation film and a first orientation layer are formed on the first substrate between it and the liquid crystal layer. A electrode layer and a second orientation film are formed on the second substrate between it and the liquid crystal layer. The wiring layer includes grooves along its peripheral portion which allow the insulation film to contact the first substrate, which promotes bonding and inhibits peeling of the insulation film from the wiring layer.

Abstract: A plurality of rectangular parallelopiped tone bars are incorporated in a percussion instrument, are connected to a supporting bar at central points thereof so as to produce the second-order vertical flexural vibration and the first-order torsional vibration, and the ratio of width to thickness is regulated to a frequency ratio of 1:2 so as to improve the interval between the percussion sounds and the consonance.

Abstract: In an inverter transformer comprising a primary winding and secondary winding which are wound on a first and a second spool respectively and disposed in juxtaposing relationship.with each other with the axes of the first and second spools being substantially parallel to each other, and a pair of cores which are disposed in abutting relationship to each other so as to define a closed magnetic path, the primary and secondary windings being electromagnetically coupled to each other through the pair of cores, at least one of said cores being provided with a protuberance which is disposed in opposing relationship to the other core, with a small distance maintained therebetween, the protuberance being interposed between the primary winding and the secondary winding, the arrangement is made such that secondary-side minimum sectional area of that portion of the cores through which magnetic flux is permitted to pass, is given substantially by S.sub.1 K, where S.sub.