Abstract: A method for reproducing sounds from signals, which are supplied from a same sound source through a pair of localization filters by using a pair of transducers disposed apart from each other and for controlling the localization of a sound image in such a way to make a listener feel that he hears sounds from a virtual sound source which is localized at a desired sound image location being different from the positions of the transducers. When performing this method, a signal for measurement reproduced at each sound image location is measured at the listener's position as data to be used for estimating head-related transfer characteristics. Then, the head-related transfer characteristics corresponding to each sound image location are estimated from the measured data.

Abstract: Provided are novel thermotropic liquid crystal polyesters consisting essentially of the following structural units (1), (2) and (3) or those (2), (3), (4) and (5) and shaped articles comprising these polyesters. Also provided are packaging materials and containers comprising the above thermotropic liquid crystal polyesters or a polyester consisting essentially of the following structural units (2), (3), (5) and (6).

Abstract: A blended staple fiber yarn having a high grade cotton yarn-like touch, hand and appearance and superior mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, flame resistance and scratching resistance is comprised of 30 to 80 parts by weight of extremely fine polyester staple fibers having a denier of 0.9 or less and 20 to 70 parts by weight of super high modulus staple fibers having a Young's modulus of 4000 kg/mm.sup.2 or more, and can be produced by a specific draft zone system spinning process in which individual filaments are drawn-cut and the resultant staple fibers are cohered to each other to form a spun yarn.

Abstract: An shock-absorbing air bag for an automobile or aircraft, has a high heat and flame resistance and satisfactory mechanical strength and comprises a high density woven fabric composed of warps and wefts each comprising (a) 0 to 90% by weight of thermoplastic synthetic fibers, for example, polyester fibers, having a denier or 5 or less and a Young's modulus of 1300 kg/mm.sup.2 or less, and (b) 10 to 100% by weight of heat resistant organic fibers, for example, aramid fibers, having a denier of 2 or less and a thermal decomposition temperature of 300.degree. C. or more, the woven fabric preferably having a high cover factor of 1900 or more.

Abstract: Disposable moldings comprising a polymer (A) having a repeating structure unit in the main chain represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are respectively a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl, and a polymer composition comprising the polymer (A). The moldings of the present invention disintegrate themselves due to decomposition of the polymer (A) in atmosphere, soil or water and do not cause any environmental pollution.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for electric field orientation of liquid crystal polymers and oriented materials of liquid crystal polymers obtained by the method. This electric field orientation method comprises applying a pulsating electric field which is predominantly unidirectional and whose magnitude is varying periodically or non-periodically to a liquid crystal polymer capable of forming an optically anisotropic melt phase. The oriented material of liquid crystal polymer thus obtained has been unidirectionally oriented and polarized. This oriented, polarized material of liquid crystal polymer can be utilized as a piezoelectric material, pyroelectric material, electret material, non-linear optical element or the like.

Abstract: An improved labelling system for automatically applying labels one at a time in sequence to a series of items, such as post cards, etc., is disclosed. Post cards or other articles are conveyed one at a time to a labelling position. Separately, a carrier web, releasably carrying adhesive labels, is also conveyed to the labelling position. The carrier web is sharply reversed about a narrow edge, enabling the label to be peeled off and applied to a post card or the like being conveyed automatically underneath. A plurality of pairs of elements, including drive rollers and pressure-applying devices cooperating therewith, are utilized to controllably advance the carrier web through the labelling unit. As a feature of novelty, the labelling unit is pivotally mounted in relation to the conveying means for the post cards or the like.

Abstract: Provided are novel polycarbonate or polyestercarbonate resins having excellent performances including excellent transparency and thermal resistance, very small warping or deformation caused by water absorption, and the like.

Abstract: A labelling system for automatically applying an adhesive label, in sequence, onto a post card carrier strip, which comprises a paper conveying device for sequentially feeding the continuous label carrier strip to a predetermined position of applying the labels, and a label pasting device for applying the labels onto the post cards at that position.

Abstract: A novel wholly aromatic thermotropic liquid crystal polyester consisting essentially of 4-oxybenzoyl unit, terephthaloyl unit, 4,4'-dioxydiphenyl unit and 4,4'-dioxydiphenyl ether unit has a relatively low transition temperature to liquid crystal as well as good flow characteristics, and has thereby good melt-formability. The polyester gives melt extruded fibers and melt extruded films having superior mechanical strengths and elastic moduli, and also gives injection-molded products having superior strengths, excellent thermal characteristics, elastic moduli and impact strengths.

Abstract: A molded product prepared by injection molding a wholly aromatic thermotropic liquid crystal polyester consisting of 4-oxybenzoil moiety, terephthaloyl moiety and 4,4'-dioxydiphenyl ether moiety is characterized in high impact strength, small mechanical anisotropy and excellent resistance to heat. The thermotropic liquid crystal polyester gives, by blending therewith a known thermotropic liquid crystal polyester, a composition which can yield a formed product having a superior strength and a relatively small elastic modulus.

Abstract: In a measuring device utilizing birefringence effect, there are provided a device for producing laser light having two components polarized in directions perpendicular to each other and respectively having first and second frequencies; and a birefringence device which receives the laser light and delivers an optical output having a phase difference between the two components which is varied in accordance with the measured quantity. A specific component of the optical output is extracted by an optical analyzer, and converted into an electric signal which is processed thereafter into an output signal representing the phase difference and hence the measured quantity.

Abstract: A method of filming the surface of a plywood used for formwork, the method comprising dispersing a first dose of an adhesive polyolefine resin powder on the surface of the plywood, heating the dispersed resin powder on the plywood, thereby enabling the resin powder to spread thereon in a molten state, dispersing a second dose of non-adhesive polyolefine resin powder, heating the second dose of resin powder on the film produced by the first dose of resin powder, flattening the resin layers on the plywood by passing same through press rollers, and finally cooling the flattened resin layer.

Abstract: Allyl alcohol is hydroformylated with a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in an aromatic hydrocarbon, in the presence of a rhodium complex and a trisubstituted phosphine, to form hydroxybutyraldehydes which are separated from the reaction mixture within an aqueous medium. The carbon monoxide partial pressure, the rate of consumption of carbon monoxide, the rate at which the carbon monoxide is dissolved in the reaction mixture, reaction temperature and the viscosity of the reaction mixture are selected and controlled in an interrelated way to give a high yield of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and reduced catalyst consumption.

Abstract: A novel process for production of polyurethane having excellent hydrolysis resistance, heat resistance, low-temperature characteristics and no tendency of crystallization and capability of making high solid content solution, which is obtained from a polymerized polyol having two or more hydroxy groups in the molecule and a polyisocyanate, and optionally a chain extender, characterized in that the polymerized polyol component is a polymerized polyol having ##STR1## groups in the molecule.

Abstract: A magnetic field measuring device comprises a laser light source delivering laser light having two components of first and second frequencies; a beam splitter for dividing the laser light into two portions; a quarter wave plate provided to receive one portion of the laser light; a Faraday rotator provided to receive the output of the quarter wave plate and rotates the polarized direction thereof by an angle corresponding to a magnetic field applied thereto; first and second optical analyzers for extracting from the other portion of the laser light and the output of the Faraday rotator, first and second components of an equal frequency corresponding to the difference of the first and second frequencies, respectively; first and second photoelectric converters for converting the outputs of the first and second optical analyzers into first and second electric signals, respectively; and circuitry for comparing the first and second electric signals thereby to produce an output directly proportional to the magnetic

Abstract: A process for producing 1,9-nonanedial which comprises hydroformylating 7-octen-1-al with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in an aqueous sulfolane or 1,4-butanediol solution in the presence of a rhodium complex and the sodium, potassium or lithium salt of m-(diphenylphosphino)benzenesulfonic acid, extracting 1,9-nonanedial from the reaction mixture with a primary alcohol or a mixture of a primary alcohol and a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, and recycling the extraction residue containing the catalyst components to the 7-octen-1-al hydroformylation step.

Abstract: A process for producing methyl lactate by (I) hydroformylating vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate with a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in an organic solvent in the presence of a substantially water-insoluble rhodium complex and a tri-substituted phosphine to form .alpha.-acetoxy- or propionyloxy-propionaldehyde, (II) subjecting at least part of the reaction mixture obtained in step (I) to extraction with an aqueous medium to obtain an aqueous layer containing .alpha.-acetoxy- or propionyloxy-propionaldehyde and an extraction residue containing the catalyst components, and recycling the extraction residue to the hydroformylation step (I), (III) separating .alpha.-acetoxy- or propionyloxy-propionaldehyde from the aqueous layer containing the same as obtained in step (II), (IV) oxidizing .alpha.-acetoxy- or propionyloxy-propionaldehyde obtained in step (III) in the liquid phase with oxygen gas or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of an oxidation catalyst to form .alpha.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of producing 1,9-nonanedial and/or 9-hydroxy-7-nonen-1-al which comprises reacting 2,7-octadien-1-ol with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in an organic solvent in the presence of a rhodium catalyst and 30-300 equivalents of a monodentate tertiary organic phosphorus compound in per gram atom of rhodium at a hydrogen partial pressure of 0.5-20 kg/cm.sup.2 (absolute) and a carbon monoxide partial pressure of 0.1-5.0 kg/cm.sup.2 (absolute).

Abstract: In a torque control system of an induction motor having m phase stator windings and P poles there are provided a torque instructor and a phase n voltage V.sub.ns generator responsive to a torque instruction given by the torque instructor to calculate the phase n voltage according to the following equation. ##EQU1## where ##EQU2## m: number of phases, n: 1, 2, . . . , m,P: number of poles,I.sub.o : constant exciting current (ampere),r.sub.s, r.sub.r, l.sub.r and l.sub.m : constants inherent to the induction motor,.theta.: rotor rotational angle (radian) of the induction motor, andI.sub.2 : instructed rotor current (ampere) proportional to an instructed torque.