Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the location of a device capable of receiving/transmitting wireless signals from/to reference stations is provided, for example providing wireless signals in the form of range information to the device; determining a region or area surrounding each reference station, wherein regions intersect to form intersecting spaces; defining the intersecting spaces to delineate a device location search space and determining device locations within the search space; determining combinations of said device locations, and using a distribution analysis test to examine a skewness value of each combination; detecting and selecting the combinations of device positions that result in a minimum skewness value or simply a combination that provides skewness value less than a pre-defined minimum threshold value; and utilizing the detected and selected combinations to determine a refined final position of the device.

Abstract: An iron-based high-temperature alloy has the following chemical composition (values given being in % by weight): 20 Cr, 4 to 8 Al, at least one of the elements Ta and Mo with a sum of 4 to 8, 0-0.2 Zr, 0.02-0.05 B, 0.1-0.2 Y, 0-0.5 Si, remainder Fe. The alloy can be produced at low cost and is distinguished in comparison with the known prior art by outstanding oxidation resistance and good mechanical properties at high temperatures up to 1000° C.

Abstract: A method of determining a position of a GNSS receiver includes: receiving, at the GNSS receiver, information from at least two GNSS satellites and an estimated location area from a non-GNSS positioning application, determining candidate pseudoranges corresponding to candidate correlation peaks determined based on the information received from the at least two GNSS satellites; determining possible positions of the GNSS receiver using the candidate pseudoranges and the estimated location area; determining a best possible position of the GNSS receiver from the possible positions; and setting the best possible position as the position of the GNSS receiver; wherein when multiple candidate correlation peaks corresponding to one of the at least two GNSS satellites are determined, the estimated location area is usable to reduce the number of candidate correlation peaks prior to candidate pseudoranges being determined.

Abstract: A filler material for welding is characterized by the following chemical composition (amounts in % by weight): 0.05-0.15 C, 8-11 Cr, 2.8-6 Ni, 0.5-1.9 Mo, 0.5-1.5 Mn, 0.15-0.5 Si, 0.2-0.4 V, 0-0.04 B, 1-3 Re, 0.001-0.07 Ta, 0.01-0.06 N, 0-60 ppm Pd, max. 0.25 P, max. 0.02 S, remainder Fe and manufacturing-related unavoidable impurities. The material has outstanding properties, in particular a good creep rupture strength/creep resistance, a good oxidation resistance and a very high toughness.

Abstract: A nickel-base superalloy is characterized by the following chemical composition (details in % by weight): 7.7-8.3 Cr, 5.0-5.25 Co, 2.0-2.1 Mo, 7.8-8.3 W, 5.8-6.1 Ta, 4.9-5.1 Al, 1.0-1.5 Ti, 1.0-2.0 Re, 0.11-0.15 Si, 0.1-0.7 Hf, 0-0.5 Nb, 0.02-0.17 C, 50-400 ppm B, remainder Ni and production-related impurities. The alloy is distinguished by a very high resistance to oxidation, resistance to corrosion and good creep properties at high temperatures.

Abstract: Methods for ascertaining the combustion noises of an internal combustion engine need only a structure-borne noise sensor and may be carried out using little computing power.

Abstract: High-temperature materials, based on alloyed intermetallic NiAl, have the following chemical composition (values in % by weight): 26-30 Al, 1-6 Ta, 0.1-3 Fe, 0.1-1.5 Hf, 0.01-0.2 B, 0-1 Ti, 0.1-5 Pd, with the remainder Ni and production-related impurities. The materials have excellent properties, in particular good strength and extremely high oxidation resistance, at very high temperatures of 1300° C., for example.

Abstract: A heat treatment method for a nickel-based superalloy, in particular for the production of single-crystal components or directionally solidified components having a chemical composition permits full solution annealing at a temperature T1, the method comprising: partially solution annealing in a controlled manner at a temperature T2<T1 in a first step so as to obtain 5-10% of undissolved ?? phase in a residual eutectic; and performing a two-stage ageing treatment at respectively lower temperatures in a second step. As a function of the selected level of the partial solution annealing temperature, the proportion of the undissolved ?? phase can be adjusted in a controlled way, and the tolerance with respect to the disorientation of small-angle grain boundaries/grain boundaries can be increased.

Abstract: A method for determining cylinder-specific combustion features of an internal combustion engine, the cylinder-specific combustion features being ascertained from a variable which represents the crankshaft speed, especially being ascertained from a signal of a crankshaft sensor or camshaft sensor. The cylinder-specific combustion features include a combustion position of at least one cylinder and/or a torque of the crankshaft.

Abstract: High-temperature materials, based on alloyed intermetallic NiAl, have the following chemical composition (values in % by weight): 26-30 Al, 1-6 Ta, 0.1-3 Fe, 0.1-1.5 Hf, 0.01-0.2 B, 0-1 Ti, 0.1-5 Pd, with the remainder Ni and production-related impurities. The materials have excellent properties, in particular good strength and extremely high oxidation resistance, at very high temperatures of 1300° C., for example.

Abstract: A ceramic thermal barrier coating (8) for coating the surface (7) of a component (1) of a nickel-based superalloy, and an adhesive coating optionally applied thereon (6), preferably a gas turbine component, includes zirconium oxide (ZrO2) stabilized by yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and production-related impurities, as well as at least one high-temperature and oxidation resistant intermetallic compound, for example NiAl, YRh, ErIr, the volume fraction of which decreases continuously or in stages as the distance from the surface (7) of the component (1)/the adhesive coating (6) increases. Advantageously, a less steep stress gradient is produced by gradually varying the composition of the thermal barrier coating (8).

Abstract: A ceramic thermal barrier coating (8) for coating the surface (7) of a component (1) of a nickel-based superalloy, and an adhesive coating optionally applied thereon (6), preferably a gas turbine component, includes zirconium oxide (ZrO2) stabilized by yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and production-related impurities, as well as at least one high-temperature and oxidation resistant intermetallic compound, for example NiAl, YRh, ErIr, the volume fraction of which decreases continuously or in stages as the distance from the surface (7) of the component (1)/the adhesive coating (6) increases. Advantageously, a less steep stress gradient is produced by gradually varying the composition of the thermal barrier coating (8).

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine in which a combustion characteristic is ascertained. The combustion characteristic is ascertained in a cylinder-specific manner, and one or more application functions for the operation of the internal combustion engine is/are carried out as a function of the combustion characteristic.

Abstract: An iron-based high-temperature alloy has the following chemical composition (values given being in % by weight): 20 Cr, 4 to 8 Al, at least one of the elements Ta and Mo with a sum of 4 to 8, 0-0.2 Zr, 0.02-0.05 B, 0.1-0.2 Y, 0-0.5 Si, remainder Fe. The alloy can be produced at low cost and is distinguished in comparison with the known prior art by outstanding oxidation resistance and good mechanical properties at high temperatures up to 1000° C.

Abstract: A ceramic thermal barrier coating (8) for coating the surface (7) of a component (1) of a nickel-based superalloy, and an adhesive coating optionally applied thereon (6), preferably a gas turbine component, includes zirconium oxide (ZrO2) stabilized by yttrium oxide (Y2O3) and production-related impurities, as well as at least one high-temperature and oxidation resistant intermetallic compound, for example NiAl, YRh, ErIr, the volume fraction of which decreases continuously or in stages as the distance from the surface (7) of the component (1)/the adhesive coating (6) increases. Advantageously, a less steep stress gradient is produced by gradually varying the composition of the thermal barrier coating (8).

Abstract: Methods for ascertaining the combustion noises of an internal combustion engine need only a structure-borne noise sensor and may be carried out using little computing power.

Abstract: A method for controlling an internal combustion engine calculates the generated internal torque for each cylinder on the basis of the signal generated by an angle of rotation sensor for detecting the angle of rotation of the crankshaft, so that a rapid and precise regulation of the torque supplied by the internal combustion engine may be achieved.

Abstract: A method for determining cylinder-specific combustion features of an internal combustion engine, the cylinder-specific combustion features being ascertained from a variable which represents the crankshaft speed, especially being ascertained from a signal of a crankshaft sensor or camshaft sensor. The cylinder-specific combustion features include a combustion position of at least one cylinder and/or a torque of the crankshaft.

Abstract: A method and a device for controlling an internal combustion engine, in which a noise variable is compared to a setpoint value, and an actuating variable is specified based on the comparison. The noise variable is computed using a weighted summation of at least two characteristics.

Abstract: A heat treatment method for a nickel-based superalloy, in particular for the production of single-crystal components or directionally solidified components having a chemical composition permits full solution annealing at a temperature T1, the method comprising: partially solution annealing in a controlled manner at a temperature T2<T1 in a first step so as to obtain 5-10% of undissolved ?? phase in a residual eutectic; and performing a two-stage ageing treatment at respectively lower temperatures in a second step. As a function of the selected level of the partial solution annealing temperature, the proportion of the undissolved ?? phase can be adjusted in a controlled way, and the tolerance with respect to the disorientation of small-angle grain boundaries/grain boundaries can be increased.