Abstract: A data recording apparatus samples main information signals and records, on a recording medium, a sequence of data consisting of first binary data of an "n" number of bits and second binary data which also consists of the "n" number of bits including additional binary data relative to additional information not exceeding three bits and a predetermined "m" number of bits which do not simultaneously become "0".

Abstract: A data processing device for processing a data sequence obtained by sampling an information signal, is arranged to compute a plurality of data before and/or after an incorrect data amoung the data sequence, to have data obtained by rounding up or rounding off the results of computation at about the same rate, and to replace the incorrect data with the computed data.

Abstract: A reproducing apparatus for reproducing main information from a tape-shaped record bearing medium on which many recording tracks are formed in parallel and additional information recorded along with the main information in a predetermined position within each of a plurality of areas extending in parallel in the longitudinal direction of the medium is arranged to have one operation mode in which the main information and the additional information are reproduced from one of the plurality of areas and another operation mode in which the additional information is solely reproduced from two or more of the plurality of areas.

Abstract: A data transmission system operative to transmit data with a reduced low band frequency component includes facility for processing a predetermined quantity of information data, such as a code word, for generating error detecting-correcting data, and for dispersing the latter data in the former data. In one practice for effecting the dispersion, the system divides the information data and the error detecting-correcting data into respective groupings, and disperses the latter grouping into the former grouping. The resulting signal is transmitted.

Abstract: An audio signal reproducing apparatus for reproducing audio signals from a tape-shaped recording medium on which the audio signals are recorded together with mark signals respectively showing the longitudinal positions of the audio signals along the medium is arranged to detect the moving direction of the medium taken in recording in response to an instruction given to detect one of the mark signals and to search out the mark signals by moving the medium in the direction determined according to the result of the detection.

Abstract: A data processing device of the kind handling a sequence of data obtained by sampling an analog information signal to process each of the data to compute two correct data included in the data sequence; to generate by this computation at least two new data which differ from each other; and to replace an incorrect data located between two correct data within the data sequence with one of the selected new data.

Abstract: In an apparatus for recording a data sequence including main binary data of an (m X n) number of bits formed by sampling a main information signal and a plurality of subordinate binary data of also an (m X n) number of bits respectively carrying additional information of varied kinds, recording tracks are formed one after another with data which includes the main binary data representing the main information signal sampled within a given period of time and the plurality of subordinate binary data recorded in each of the tracks; and recording is performed in such a manner that, among the plurality of subordinate binary data, the meaning of information carried by a second n number of bits varies according as the condition of the data varies between a case where l-adic numerical data is arranged to be formed by a first n number of bits within the plurality of subordinate binary data and another case where irregular data is formed there as the l-adic numerical data cannot be formed by the first n number of bits (

Abstract: A data storing device in which output data of a counter, which counts synchronizing data in a plurality of transmitted data blocks, and address data in the blocks are selectively outputted by detecting errors in the blocks, and the storing position in a memory is determined on the basis of the selected output data.

Abstract: A data processing device for processing data including a first data sequence indicative of the amplitude of an information signal and a second data sequence each data of which indicates the error rate of each data of the first data sequence. When each data of the second data sequence continuously shows a high error rate of a consecutive number of data of the first data sequence more than a predetermined number, the device generates data of values which are 1/a.sup.k (wherein "k" represents an integer between 1 and "n"; "a" a real number larger than 1; and "n" an integer at least 2) of a data of the first data sequence which has a low error rate and is located before or after the consecutive high error rate data of the first data sequence. The device performs data processing for muting the information signal by using these data.