Abstract: A very large area plasma display for indoor and outdoor application ranging in size to several feet in diagonal, incorporating plurality of ‘tiles’ of plasma pixels comprising plasma sustain electrodes and dielectric barrier on one substrate and address electrode on other substrate, the substrates being kept in alignment to oppose each other and orient plasma sustain electrodes, with dielectric barrier, orthogonal to address electrodes. The presence of the dielectric barrier enhances the path length of Hg-inert gas plasma resulting in increased UV generation and hence increased visible light that enhances the luminous efficiency of the large area plasma display. Plurality of plasma pixels are fabricated in a single panel called ‘tile’ and hermetically sealed. The ‘tiles’ are assembled to generate a large area plasma display thus eliminating the need for expensive process equipments and tedious procedures to handle large area substrates.

Abstract: A flexible organic light emitting light source employing a flexible substrate that comprises a thin ployimide layer sandwiched by two metallic layers of which one metallic layer whose surface not in contact with polyimide layer contains OLED device that is coated with pore-free conformal barrier coating of inorganic oxide through Atomic Layer Epitaxy process and the barrier coating being completely encapsulated by a UV cured thick hard coat. The flexible device is sealed with a flexible plastic cover and the bottom external surface of metallic layer is integrated with a lamp drive circuit.

Abstract: A color sensor integrated light emitting diode (LED) is packaged with LED and color sensor mounted side by side inside LED package comprising a heat sink for mounting LED and the color sensor, both the color sensor and LED being buried by a high refractive index polymer followed by a diffuser layer and light extraction layer, all of which are transparent. Posts electrically linked to LED and color sensor inside the package are provided for external connection to LED and color sensor. Plurality of color sensors and LEDs can be packaged inside a single package with proper orientation of desired color LEDs to receive desired color by color sensors. Color change at the very source of light emission can be controlled with color sensor integrated LED package more effectively than conventional methods. Plurality of these packages can be employed for LED backlight for LCD, consumer lighting, decorative lighting and signage displays.

Abstract: A metal sealed organic light emitting diode device comprising a lid, containing a recessed portion to accommodate large quantity of getter/dessicant, a band of metal stack at the perimeter over which is laid a band of low temperature melting solder alloy, pre-tinned subsequently, and a substrate. The substrate containing organic light emitting diode at the central area with a band of metal stack at the perimeter. The lid and the substrate are placed together in substantial alignment such that the pre-tinned low melting solder band of the lid contacts the metal stack of the substrate and thermally sealed in a controlled atmosphere. Multiples of substrates are sealed with a single lid containing multiplicity of recessed portions with multi-segmented metal stack and pre-tinned solder band to derive a large area device.

Abstract: A fiber bundle mixed R-G-B white LED package incorporating LEDs, an LED container and a fiber bundle, the fiber bundle being hermetically sealed to the LED container, enclosing Nitrogen, for thoroughly mixing colored light from LEDs and converting colored light in to white light and directing the beam of light emerging the exit face of the fiber bundle in any desired angle. Colored light from different color LEDs get pre-mixed inside the container through multiple reflections at the walls of the container and enter the fibers and undergo total internal reflections at the inner walls of the fibers and thus all the remaining unmixed or partly mixed light get mixed thoroughly and emerge the exit face of the fiber bundle as white light.

Abstract: An efficient organic light emitting diode (OLED) device—incorporating a stack of thin films comprising a cathode, electron transport layer, hole modulating conductive layer, host layer, electron modulating conductive layer, hole transport layer, hole injection layer and a transparent anode layer—has increased recombination efficiency to generate substantial amount of light. The electron modulating electrode and hole modulating electrode embedded in the stack are applied with appropriate electrical bias to contain the electrons and holes respectively inside the host layer to enhance recombination and consequently light output.

Abstract: A very large area plasma display for indoor and outdoor application ranging in size to several feet in diagonal, incorporating plurality of ‘tiles’ of plasma pixels comprising plasma sustain electrodes and dielectric barrier on one substrate and address electrode on other substrate, the substrates being kept in alignment to oppose each other and orient plasma sustain electrodes, with dielectric barrier, orthogonal to address electrodes. The presence of the dielectric barrier enhances the path length of Hg-inert gas plasma resulting in increased UV generation and hence increased visible light that enhances the luminous efficiency of the large area plasma display. Plurality of plasma pixels are fabricated in a single panel called ‘tile’ and hermetically sealed. The ‘tiles’ are assembled to generate a large area plasma display thus eliminating the need for expensive process equipments and tedious procedures to handle large area substrates.

Abstract: A planar organic light emitting diode (OLED) light source is processed on one of the substrates of a liquid crystal display (LCD) and sealed pin-hole free such that LCD processes, including internal polarizer, can be carried out on OLED without affecting the integrity of OLED and LCD. Both devices are held in alignment and hermetaically sealed between two substrates thus forming an integrated device and on application of suitable voltages to these devices OLED generates light and efficiently couples the light to LCD to function efficiently as a full color display.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) backlight integrated LCD comprising three substrates of which one substrate is shared by LCD and OLED backlight. The shared substrate has two surfaces of which one surface contains, among other layers, a transparent electrode, an internal polarizer and an aligning layer for liquid crystal and faces the top substrate of LCD that also contains identical layers. A thin liquid crystal film is sandwiched between the two substrates containing the said layers. The second surface of said shared substrate contains active organic layers that include an anode and a cathode and faces the bottom substrate of OLED backlight. The two surfaces of the shared substrate are hermetically sealed to the other two substrates of LCD and OLED. When electrically activated the OLED backlight device substantially couples and transmit its generated light in to the LCD.

Abstract: An efficient organic light emitting diode (OLED) device—incorporating a stack of thin films comprising a cathode, electron transport layer, hole modulating conductive layer, host layer, electron modulating conductive layer, hole transport layer, hole injection layer and a transparent anode layer—has increased recombination efficiency to generate substantial amount of light. The electron modulating electrode and hole modulating electrode embedded in the stack is applied with appropriate electrical bias to contain the electrons and holes respectively inside the host layer to enhance recombination and consequently light output.

Abstract: A metal sealed organic light emitting diode device comprising a lid, containing a recessed portion to accommodate large quantity of getter/dessicant, a band of metal stack at the perimeter over which is laid a band of low temperature melting solder alloy, pre-tinned subsequently, and a substrate. The substrate containing organic light emitting diode at the central area with a band of metal stack at the perimeter. The lid and the substrate are placed together in substantial alignment such that the pre-tinned low melting solder band of the lid contacts the metal stack of the substrate and thermally sealed in a controlled atmosphere. Multiples of substrates are sealed with a single lid containing multiplicity of recessed portions with multi-segmented metal stack and pre-tinned solder band to derive a large area device.

Abstract: An assembly for automatic background color change of a monochrome liquid crystal display comprising a monochrome liquid display, a dichroic guest-host cell, and a backlight device, emitting light in visible region of the spectrum. The devices are arranged in a sequence of, from top to bottom, liquid crystal display, dichroic cell and backlight device. The dichroic cell comprising a single dye or combination of dye, together with liquid crystal molecules, absorbing characteristic wavelengths from the spectrum of the backlight device and transmitting the remaining wavelengths, on application of suitable voltage to the cell. The assembly is integrated to form a single unit in which the three devices namely, liquid crystal display, dichroic cell and white light emitting backlight share at least one substrate with each other. On application of different amplitude of voltage to the dichroic cell, hues of colors as background colors for monochrome liquid crystal display is generated.

Abstract: In order to operate Field Emission Displays (“FEDs”) contain an evacuated space. Generally, two soda-lime glass substrates, separated by a vacuum gap, act as cathode and anode. The vacuum gap is essential for the electrons to be emitted from the sharp cathode tips and travel towards the anode to give up their energy to the phosphor anode plate to emit light. The two plates and the frit seal holding the vacuum gap are under strain due to the atmospheric pressure acting on them. For small size FEDs , this strain is not a problem. However, for large area FEDs, the strain is detrimental both to the glass plates (2 mm thick) and frit seal. Under the strain, both the cathode and anode plates will buckle-in towards vacuum and, in turn, stress the frit seal, causing cracks and vacuum failure. To minimize this effect and enable the FED to operate normally, a field emissive display with a support plate for the cathode plate is disclosed.

Abstract: An integral and internal matrix getter structure for capturing residual gas in a vacuum sealed container is disclosed. The vacuum sealed container may be a flat panel display having a small vacuum gap between two closely spaced panels. The getter structure may be provided on the inside of the walls of the display. In particular, the getter structure may be provided between phosphor groups and/or between field emitter groups on the display panels. The getter structure may be sealed to avoid exposure of the getter material until after a vacuum condition is reached within the display. Activation of the getter structure may be provided by selectively heating the getter structure with a laser or with resistive heating elements underlying the getter structure. Methods of making the getter structure are also disclosed.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp having an adjustable color temperature comprising at least two elongated fluorescent discharge tubes (10 & 20), one tube (10) having a larger diameter than the other (20). The tubes (10 & 20) are assembled into a single unit. A groove (12) is disposed within the larger tube (10) and runs parallel to the longitudinal axis. The smaller diameter tube (20) is snugly nested within the groove (12) and in intimate contact with the larger diameter tube (10). The larger diameter tube has a phosphor coating producing one color temperature and the smaller diameter tube produces a different color temperature. Preferably, the larger tube has a phosphor coating that emits a low color temperature of 3000.degree. K. or below and the smaller tube's phosphor coating emits a high color temperature of greater than 10,000.degree. K. A controller divides the power to the two tubes such that a variable color temperature is produced at nearly constant total power.

Abstract: An integrally molded flat fluorescent lamp comprising a convoluted channel member (11) formed of vitreous glass with convoluted channel (14) fabricated by employing a combination of vacuum-assisted sag molding, press molding and blow molding techniques. While the part (11) is molten, a planar member (13) is fused to it by pressing the parts (11 and 13 at 15) together to form a closed glass envelope. The inside of the envelope is coated with a phosphor layer and preferably the external surface of the envelope is coated with a reflective layer. A pair of electron-emissive electrodes are fused to openings (12) in the envelope. They are sealed through glass flares at the two holes integral to the envelope. The envelope is evacuated and filled with a rare gas and mercury to a suitable pressure and sealed off to form a lamp.

Abstract: A substantially flat, gas filled, arc discharge fluorescent lamp having an internal path in which the arc travels, where the path is formed by vertical sections between a substantially flat top and bottom surface. The path length can be controlled along with the height of the lamp to provide a wide range of lumens per unit volume while improving lamp life at low cost. A reflective coating, formed adjacent to the phosphor coating within the path, directs light to where wanted, while obviating the need for a separate reflector in the lamp fixture. One application of the present inventive lamp is to replace incandescent lamps by virtue of being mechanically interchangeable by virtue of having the flexibility for accommodating a small ballast within the lamp assembly.

Abstract: A flat compact fluorescent lamp is disclosed. The lamp contains a fill of rcury and inert gas. It includes a top panel and bottom glass panel and a convoluted glass partition having a substantially planar upper surface disposed between the inner surfaces of the top and bottom panels. The partition forms a convoluted channel having an initial and a terminal end. One edge of the partition is integrally molded with the bottom panel and a peripheral portion is joined to the inner surface of the top panel. An inner portion of the partition can engage the inner surface of the top panel. The inner portion has a predetermined width at the point of its engagement and a predetermined spacing between the point and the top panel. A layer of frit of predetermined thickness is used to join the peripheral portion of the convoluted partition to the inner surface of the top panel.

Abstract: Manufacture of a substantially flat compact fluorescent lamp using a molded cup-like continuous concentric (spiralled) channel and a circular plate, resembling a lid for the cup. The cup with the channel is coated with a light reflective layer followed by a phosphor layer (whereas the lid, on one side, is coated with the phosphor layer only) and has two holes through which two electrodes are sealed such that one of the said holes has, in addition to the electrode, an integral exhaust tubulation. The space between the cup and the lid is filled with a material capable of emitting ultraviolet under electrical excitation. Electrical discharge created between the electrodes, strictly follows the path of the channel physically imposed by the sealed structure, in spite of a nonsealed contact of the top surface of the channel walls and the plane surface of the lid. On absorption of the ultra-violet from the discharge, the phosphor emits visible radiation.

Abstract: A flat compact fluorescent lamp is disclosed. The lamp contains a fill of mercury and inert gas. The lamp includes a glass front panel (1) having an inner surface and a glass bottom panel (2) also having an inner surface. A convoluted glass partition (3) having an eccentric spiral shape and smooth bends is disposed between the inner surfaces of the front and bottom panels and with the bottom panel (2) defines a channel (4) in the lamp. The channel (4) has a fairly uniform width. A phosphor coating (6) of a predetermined density between about 3 and 5 mg./cm.sup.2 is disposed on the inner surface of the channel (4) and a phosphor coating (8) of a predetermined density of between about 0.5 and 1.5 mg./cm.sup.2 is disposed on the inner surface of the front panel (1). Two electrodes (14a & 14b) are disposed at opposite ends of the spiral in the lamp to form an arc which emits UV light to excite the phosphor (6 & 8) to emit light.